Periodic Table

• This table is a remarkable way to show the

manifold relationships between differing
kinds of elements
• The modern table was devised in 1869 by
Dimitri Mendeleyev
• He arranged the elements by weight and
by their chemical properties
 Periodic Table
• "...if all the elements be arranged in order
of their atomic weights a periodic repetition
of properties is obtained." - Mendeleyev
Some element facts…
 Periods and Groups
• Horizontal rows in the periodic table are
called periods
• Vertical columns are called groups
• We will learn later why the elements can
be arranged in this fashion based on the
arrangements of the electrons outside the
nucleus
Groups vs periods
 Periods and Groups
• Sizes of the atoms decrease as we move
from left to right across a period
• This is due to the increasing number of
protons in the nucleus, so the electrical
attraction between the nucleus and the
orbiting electrons gets stronger and pulls
the electrons closer to the nucleus
Relative Radii
 Periods and Groups
• We can display the table to demonstrate
other properties as well
• As you move from left to right across a
period, the ability of the atom to attract
another electron increases
• This property is called electronegativity
Ease of losing an electron
 Periods and Groups
• All the elements in a column have
remarkably similar chemical properties
• Some of the columns have been given
special names to distinguish them
• The first group is called the alkali metals
• The second group is the alkaline-earth
metals
 Periods and Groups
• Groups 3-12 are called the transition
metals
• Groups 13-15 are not named
• Group 16 are the chalcogens
• Group 17 are the halogens
• Group 18 are the noble gases and are
basically inert
Modern Periodic table
 Questions to hand in
1. Which elements are in the in the first period?
2. Elements in the second and third periods are
having which sublevels filled?
3. Which element has the first “d” electron?
4. Which element has the first “f” electron?
5. Place the following elements in order from
smallest to largest radius: Ba, Ca, Mg, Sr, Be
6. Place the following elements in order from
smallest to largest ionization energy:
Ba, Ca, Mg, Sr, Be
7. Place the following elements in order from
smallest to largest radius: K, Mn, N, Rb, Cl, Ne