Sandro, Lorrie Anne T.

Alvez, Lawrence Albert

•Also called NEPHROSIS
•Altered glomerular permeability due to fusion of the
glomeruli membrane surfaces, causes abnormal loss of
protein in urine.
•Nephrotic syndrome in children occurs in 3 forms :
a. CONGENITAL
b. SECONDARY
c. IDIOPATHIC
•Edema
•Protein in the urine (PROTEINURIA)
•Hypoalbuminemia
•Hyperlipidemia
•Malaise
•Headache
•Irritability
•fatigue
• edema around the eyes (periorbital edema)
•Parents may notice that clothing no longer fits a child
around the waist, because edematous fluid is beginning to
collect in the abdominal cavity
•Children may have diarrhea caused by intestinal edema
and poor absorption by the edematous membrane.
•The urine may also increased numbers of WBCs as well as
granular and epithelial casts.
•Needle Biopsy of the kidney may be performed for
histologic examination of renal tissue.
•Infection
•Thromboembolism
•Pulmonary emboli
•Acute renal failure
•Accelerated atherosclerosis
•Severe hypovolemia
•Secondary aldosteronism
•Abnormal thyroid function
•Osteomalacia
•Diuretics may be prescribed for patients with edema.
•The use of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE
inhibitor) in combination with diuretics often reduces the
degree of proteinuria but may take 4 to 6 weeks to be
effective

•Monitor Fluid Intake and Output

•Improving nutritional intake
• ↓ sodium
• Liberal potasium
• ↓ saturated-fat diet
• Protein intake should be 0.8g/kg/day with emphasis
on high biologic proteins
•Promote skin integrity
Inspect all skin surfaces regularly for breakdown.
Turn and position the child every 2hrs.
Protect from rubbing
Bathe the child regularly
•Promoting Energy Conservation
• Bed Rest
• Plan quiet, age appropriate activities that interest the
child
• Avoid using television excessively as a diversion

Preventing Infection/ Reduces Inflammation

Prevent Thrombosis