Filtru trece jos de ordin 2 (biquad)

 Biquad Tow-Thomas:

Figura 1: Biquad Tow-Thomas

R4

R3
H s  (1)
R  C RR R 
s C1C2 R2 R4  5   s 2 2 4  5   1
2

 R6  R1  R6 

 Biquad Sallen-Key:

Figura 2: Biquad Sallen-Key cu castig unitar

1
H s  (2)
s C1C2 R1R2  sC2  R1  R2   1
2

1
 Figura 3: Biquad Sallen-Key cu castig neunitar

 R4 
1  
H s   R3  (3)
   R  
s 2C1C2 R1R2  s C1  R1  R2   C2 R1 1  1  4     1
   R3   

 Biquad multiple feedback (Rauch):

Figura 4: Biquad Rauch

R3

R1
H s  (4)
C
s C1C2 R2 R3  s 2  R2 R3  R1R3  R1R2   1
2

R1

2
 Biquad KHN 1 (Kerwin-Huelsman-Newcomb)

Figura 5: Biquad KHN

R3
R1
H s   (5)
R R  R R  R1 R3  R2 R3 
s 2C1C2 R4 R5  sC2 5 6 1 2 1
R1 R2  R6  R7 

 Biquad KHN 2 (Kerwin-Huelsman-Newcomb)

Figura 6: Biquad KHN

3
 R3
R1
H s   (6)
RRR RRR
s C1C2 3 4 5  sC2 3 5 8  1
2

R2 R6 R7

Proiectarea unui FTJ de ordin doi porneste de la forma generala a functiei de transfer:

k
H s  (7)
b a
s2 s 1
c2 c

unde a si b sunt coeficienti normati de proiectare si se gasesc in tabel [1] iar c  2 fc , f c

fiind frecventa de taiere la -3dB.

Bibliografie:

[1] OPAmps for everyone – Design Reference – Ron Mancini, (Texas Instruments)