ΔΗΜΑΡΑΣ ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΣ

H IAEOAorIKH
H KAHPONOMIA
YIIOAOMH
TOY
NEOY
EAAHNIKOY
KPATOY~
TUN nEPA};MENUN,
EII:ArOrIKA
01 NEE~ npArMATIKOTHTE~,
01 NEE~ ANArKE};
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Aiyo apyoTtpa 9a XtptYPu'I'St 'ttlv 'EAMoa o'tav Ka'tsf3llKt 6 Kaxooi<r'tpta~ : «'Axo 'ttlllta Iltpta of cr'tacrtupXt~ Kai oi uuro1l0PCPc.oIlSVOt, TOVoaVEtO £v90ucrtacrll0 yta 'ttlV 1tpoxptcrnaIlE VtKtl £Atu9tpia Kai yta 'tou~ tioc.oAoAa'tptKOU~ 9scrllou~ 'troY xpoyovc.ov 'tOU~, Kat fmo 'ttlv iiAAll fI KOtvc.oVtKtl~c.oTJ at of noK Al'ttKt~ 1l1lxavoppacpis~ 1tOAAroV£m<rlCo1tc.ov,<rlCA~patVav IlE 'ta crdvoaAa 'tt~ <rUVStO~crSt~Kat OtSotoav 'ttlv UOtacpopia. '0 Aao~, £YKa'taAtixov'ta~ 'ti~ ecr'tit~ 'tOU £YKa'teAStxt Kat 'ti~ £KKAllote;», auo 'ta xporooueve : fI eU9uvll XOAAroVavcOta'tc.ov KAllptKroV yta 'to xapUOttYlla xoi> eotvav IlE 'ttl ~c.o~'tOUe; Kat IlE 'tt~ £vspytte~ 'tOU~, Kat 'to opalla 'to\) apxaiou, tiOc.oAoAa'tptKO\), KOcrJrOU AallXPO cr'ta Iluna 'troY cpava'ttcrllsvc.oV o1taorov 'tfj~ npoyOVtKfje; 06~~. 'AAAa Oi1tAa e' au'tu, KaAO slvci va exoullE uxo'l'll Ila~ Kat 'ttl Ilvtia 'to\) «AaO\)), 6 61toio~ £YKa'taAtixtt 'tou~ XcOpOtx;'tfj~ Aa'tptia~, Kat TOVuXatvtYllo yta 'tou~ Aoyiou~ 1tOUEAKov'tat axo 'ttlv apxato'tll'ta. TIapoJrota tioallt crTO ZaAiKOYAOU 'to Aao - 6XAO, 'ttlv £Asu9tpia - avapxia xui 'tOU~ Kat «KOUCPOUp> Ollo9sTE;. L'tOi>~ iOtOU~ KatpOU~ lie; Jrtlv acp~croUllt V allvllll0VtU'ta 'ta Aoyta 'ta 61toia cpaivt'tat va uxayopeucrt 6 Ka1tooicr'tpt~ crXETlKa IlE 'to 1:Qv'taYlla 'tfj~ Tpot~~va~ : 'to a1tsf3aAt, cl>~ «XtptSXov (mucr~ 'ta~ 0llllayc.oytKUe; apXa~ 'troY £1tavacr'ta'trov 'to\) 1793 Kat-'tO\) 1820 e'tou~». ,APKt'ta xpovta apyo'ttpCl of Kspxopntot, 1tOUOEV~EXVO\)V 'tOY Kuf3tpv~'tll, 9a xpocr1ta9~crouv, yupc.o cr'ttlv E~c.ocrll'tfj~ xpcO't1l~ ouvacr'tEia~, va ePllllvsucrOuv 'to eAAaOtKO Kpa'tO~ 1tpo~'to 6xoio ecp'tacrs fI wpa va evc.o9o\)v. To 1862, 6 N. T. BouAyapll~ avacpspt'tat Kat au'to~ cr'ttlV apxatoAa'tpia cl>~ aiTia yta 'tTJv Ka'tUx'tc.ocrll 'to\) 9pllcrKtUnKO\) cpPov"'lla'to~, 'ttlv 61toia avtxvtUtt Ilecra cr'ttlv 1tpocrcpa'tll £9vtKtl fcr'topia. 'H £~~'Y1lcr~ TOU f3aivtt 1tapUAAllAa IlE 'to\) L'toup~a: «Eic 'ttlv apxaiav 'EAMoa £xicrll~ a1tOKAEtcrTlKro~a'tEvi~oucra Kat fI IlEPt~ 'trov U1tSPf30AtKro~ Kat Ka'ta 9tc.opiav IlUAtcr'ta cptASA.tu9tpt~ov'tc.ov, EUKOAOV rj'to va 9tc.op~cru £xc.ocptA.te;'ttlV xapaYKcOVtcrtv 'tfjq 1taTpiou op900o~{ap>. '0 1:x. TIacrXUAll~ cf)iAAll~, Aiyo i5cr'tEpa, TO 1865, 'ta EXEt Kai £Ktivo~ IlE 'ttl AOytOcrUVll,Kat IlUAtcr'ta IlE 'tOY Kopa~ : 9tc.opEt on cr'tie; 1:UVtAtUcrEt~ 'to\) •Apyou~ Kat 'tfj~ 'Emoaupou, ol Ota'tu~Et~ 1ttpi avt~t9pllcrKtiae;, «£~ ft~ 1tllY~tt fI £1tt 'to\) V\)V1tpO~ 'ttlv motw uotacpopia» slvct fpyo TroV«9tacrc.o'troV» 'to\) Kopafj. Ol «KO\)CP0l»vOllogeTt~ yta 'toue; 6xoiou~ Ilii~ lliAllcrt 6 ZaAiKoYAOU, ol 0llllayc.oytKEe; apXE~ 1tEpi TroV 61toic.ov u1tayoptut 6 Kaxooicr'tpta~. Ma Kat a1to 1tpocrc.o1ta ~eva 1tpO~ 'ti~ aVTlotKite; aUTee;, 6 aOtacpoptcrllo~ avayvc.opi~tTat ~ cpatVollEvo 'troY £1tavacr'taTtKrov Xpovc.ov. auo IlUP'tUpt~ cpaivoVTat KaAoi: 6 X. KaAc.oTaio~, crTa 1864, Kai, oSKa xpovta apyo'ttpa, 6 I. A. L1tllAtc.o'tUKll~. '0 xpro'to~ otamcr'tcOvet 'to cpatvo~tVO Kat TO ePllllvtUtt, 1tEpixou, IlE 'tou~ IlE'taf3oAtcrllo~ 'tou~ 6xoiouC; £mcrllllUVallt crTTJV apXtl 'to\) KscpaAaiou au'tO\), aAAa cruv9s'tov'ta~ Ila~i, crE Ilta evo'tll'ta, Kat 'ti~ £1tavacr'taTtlCE~ ios~, ysVtKU : «fI a1to 'trov iiAAc.oVcrxoAtic.ow. .. «a1tuv'tc.ov crXtoov lipcrte; 1tav'to~ itpo\) Ila9~lla'to~ Ilt'ta 'ttlv £XOXtlv TO\) 21», Kat £~llyti crE U1tOcrlllltic.o0"11 : «Elvat fcr'tOPtKtl aA~9tta 5Tl ai KUKAocpop~cracrat 'to'tE £xavacr'taTlKat tosat cri>v'toi~ liAAOt~ £KA.OVtcravKat Ta~ 9pllcrKeUTtKa~ 1tt1tOt9~crtt~ 'troY av9pcOxc.ov». '0 L1tllAtc.o'tUKll~ 1tapexet Ilta &votacpspoucra avuAucrll, geAov'ta~ va Osi~Et yta 'ttlV £xavucr'tacrll 5n «tU9u~ &~ apxfj~ a1to ouvacrTlKfj~ il XOAtTlKfj~ &yevt'to Kat KOtVc.oVtK~»: «Of AOytOt aUTfjc;, of cr1touoacr'tai, XUVTt~of cpuyuoe~, 5crot Ka'taOtc.oKollSVOtEVEKaTroVava'tptXTlKroV iotrov 'tc.ovcruV&pptucrav iva Ilt'tucrXc.ocrt 'to\) ,Ayrovo~, ~ll'tO\)v'tt~ iicrUAOV,rjcrav axocr'toAOt 'trov KOlVc.ovtKroV vtc.o'ttptcrJrrov 'tfj~ rantKfj~ '.E1tavacr'tucre~. EU9~ &~ apxfj~ aUTOt of xpc.o'tocr'tu'tat 'to\) eAAllVtKO\),Ayrovo~ a1ttKaMcr91lcrav Ko't~aIlxucrat Kat 'tOUPKOAU'tpat, 'ta uxuPxov'ta i19ll Kat f9tlla, tMat &crKc.optacrllsVat,Kat au'tai af 9PllcrKtUTlKat 1tapa06crtt~ &1ttKpivOV'tO cl>~ XPOA~'I'tt~. TIapaAMAc.o~ crXtOOV1tpO~ 'tOY Ka'ta 'troY TOUPKc.oV XOAtllOV crUVtf3UOt~tKat 6 £crc.o'ttPtKO~aV'tayc.ovtcrllo~ 'troY vec.ov Ka'ta 'trov ucptcr'tallevc.ov iotrow. At Ilii~ XPttU~t'tat va &~t'tucroUllt liv oAa 'ocra tixc091lKav &~ 'tcOpa aV'taxoKpivo>J'tat IlE 't1)v 1tpaYllaTtKo'tll'ta il liv of 457
tpllllvEie~ 'troY ocrvouevov 'ta 61toia aVa<pEpOV'tat slvm 6pSE~. 'Ecstvo 1tOU Ili'i~ &VOta<pEpetalvei on 'tt'tote~ yvrolle~ &mKparobouv cr'ta xpovta 'tOU~, 'ta xpovta 'troY 61toirov Exoulle va usAe'tilcroWle 'ttlV Ioroptu, Kai on of yvrolle~ au'te~ E1tat~aV pol.o cr'ttl Otallop<procrll 'tli~ vEa~ tAAllvtKli~ cruvetoilcrero~. KU1tota 'tOlltl EytVe Ile 'ttlV 'E1tavucr'tacrll, KU1tOte~avnetcrEt~ crXlllla'tiorrpcnv Kai: 1tlipav a1tocra<PllVtcrllevll 1l0p<Pil. "Ouo»; of avnSEcret~ aU'te~ oev slvm avnSEcret~ crK01troV,aAAa IlEcrroV1tpo'teivouevorv yta 'ttlV &1theu~ll crK01troVKOtvroV. TE't01a IlEcra a1taptSIlilcralle apKe'tu, Sa cnueuoooous Kai liAAa cr'ttlV 1tpOOOO 'tli~ lleAe'tll~, 'troY 61toirov Sa 1tpocr1taSilcroulle va &1taKpt[3<Ocroulle 'to crrocr'to 1teptexollevo Kai 'to 1'01.0 1tOUE1tat~avcr'ttl OtaIlOP<procrll 'tfj~ 10eoAoyia~ 'tOU vsou tAAllVtcrllOU.
«H TON ONOMATON EnI~KE'I'I~» Of 1tpro'tOt 6pot 'troY 61toirov Exoulle va E~aKpt~W~oulle 'to 1teptexollevo, Kai yta 'ttlV a1toAu'tll a~ia roo; IlEcra cr'ttlV &SVtKtl cruveiollcrll, Kai yta 'to pol.o 'tOY 61toio E1tat~aV rocr1tOUva xu'tacr'taAu~et il cruvEiollcrll au'ttl cre .«SEcret~)) cr'taSepE~, xui yta'ti E~aKoAouSoulle va 'ti~ ouvcvrdus cre 01.0 'to IlUKPO~'tli~ fcr'topia~ 'ttlV 61t<;>ialleAe'ti'ille EOro, slvui of OP01 «'EAMom) Kai «EAtuSepia)). l:'ttlv 'l'uXil, cr'to 1tVeulla 'tOU l:oArollou, of ouo EVVOte~ <p'tuvouv va &1ttKaAu<pSouvEv'teAro~' 61l~, av'tiKpu oro Mopur Kai cr'ttl Poousxn, &KEivot 1tOUEvepyoucrav 'ta crxenKa Ile 'ttlV xurvoopiu Iloxrrsto elxav va cr'toxu~ov'tat Kai va Ka'taAilyouv cre crxillla'ta SeroPll'ttKa 1tOU va Il1tOPOUV allEcrro~ va 1l0P<P01tOtllSouv cre Ilta 1tpaYllanKo'tll'ta. 'H Ilev l)1tOSecrll'tfj~ &AeuSepia~ TJ'tav Ilta u1toSecrll yta 'ttlV 61toia ayrovi~ov'tav ·6).01, aAAa 1tOUE1tpe1te va ~eKaSapicret, yta'ti it cra<pilveta 'tOU opou Sa nupoucriat;;e aV'ticr't01xa 'ttl xupa~ll Ilti'i~ 1toAtn1Ci'i~' yt' au'ta Sa IltA ilcroulle cr'ttl cruvExeta. ' AAM aKolla 1ttO Em'taK'ttKtl TJ'tav it avuYKll va Aayapicret 6 liAAO~ opo~ : IlEcra oro xpovo Kai ~Iecra oro xropo.
Mi'i~ apecret v~ SUllllSoulle Aiya xpovta 1tpiv, 1tro~ i:va~ AOY1O~,~aSta 1tOncr!1Evo~ a1to KAacrtKtl 1tatoeia Kai cruve1tapIlEVO~a1to ~tlv ayn1tll yta 'ttlV 1ta'tpioa 'tou, EK<ppa~o'tav crxenKU : oEKa Xpovta 1tpivapxicret 6 ' Aywva~ ypu<pet 6 NEO<PU'tO~ aouKa~ 1tapatVEcret~, 1tuv'to'te 1tPO~ 'ttl cri>cr'tacrll crxoAeirov, 1tPO~ 'ttlv 1tpoacyroytl 'tli~ 1tatoeia~' 6 crK01tO~'tou dvat va &~U1tllpe'tllSouv of ~EAAllve~. «~EAAllva~ oe EVVOroo'tav 1tpO<PEPro 'to YAuKu'tOU'tOKai 1tpuYlla Kai lSvolla, ouxi 1l0VOV'tou~ 6Aiyou~ EKeivoU~ 'toue; Ka'tOtKOuv'ta~ 'ttlV apxaiav 'EAMoa, aAA' cl1tAroe; 1ti'icrav 'ttlV EK'tacrtV &VU 6lltAei'tat aihll it vero'tEpa 'troY 'EAA.1)vrov otuAeK'tOe;, Ot' TJe;KaAAtepyei'tat Kai <pSuvet i:Kacr'tOe; tie; 'to iotov 'tEAoe;' 't01OU'tOt oe dvat of a1to 'tOU Bpou'tou 1to'ta1l0U IlEXpt 'tOU NeiAou 1tuv'tee; crxeMv of Ile'ta~u Ka'tOtKOuv'tee;)). 'Qpaia dvat au'tu' «'toue; 'tli~ 1tatoeiac; 'tli~ itlle'tepae; lle'tEXov'ta9) : Ilta lleyuAll, Ilta YEvvaia 6AollEAeta, 61tou crlliyouv 6crot avilKouv cr'tov KocrllO 'tOU tAAllVtKOU1tOAt'ttcrllou, E~ro a1to KuSe EvVOta cruvoprov, a1to KuSe 1tep1OptcrIlO, KuSe u1tepml'ia. ' AAAa eillacr'te cr'tO 1811. wEpxe'tat 6 ' Aywva~, 01lll1OUpyei'tat i:va KPU'tO~, Kai au'to 'to IltKPO 'to KpU'tOe;, 1tOU KaM KaAa' oev ~Epet 1troe;Sa ~ilcret Kai liv Sa t;;ilcret, a1to'teAEi 'twpa, cr'to Ot1tArolla'ttKO &1ti1teoo, cr'tO 1tOAt'ttKo, cr'tO ESVlKO, 'ttlV 'EAAuoa. '0 Mapivoe; na1ta861touAoe; Bpe'to~, cre fva 1tOAUIle'tayeVEcr'tEPO Keillevo 'tou, 61tOU crlliyouv 6 lluSO~ lle 'ttlV fcr'topia, 1teptypu<pet 'tOY ilprou 'tou cr'ttlV KEpKupa va IltAei Ile 1tpocr<puye~ a1to 'ta avnKptva IlEPll 'tlie; 'H1teipou. «Mv &~puouvov va ·01KetroSro IlEt au'trov Kai 'toi~ aveKoivrocra eueu~ 1t6crov E1teSU1l0uv va Ile'te~atvov eie; 'ttlV 'EAMoa. - noiav ; Il' ilpw'tllcrev eI~ E~ au'trov. - nroe;,.1toiav; el1tov. - BE~ata ei~ 'ttlV IleyuAllV i'I 'ttlV IltKPUV ; - El~ 'ttlV '-EAMoa, ete; 'to tAAllVtKOV~acri458
AetOv. - Ka'l'epE ! a1tilv'tllcrev &Keivoe; estrov 'ttlV Ke<paA.1)w. 'H crKllvtl1tpE1tet va' 'to1toSe'tllSei yupro cr'tO 1835, 0llA'luotl1tepi1tOU&Kei 61tou apxit;;et it lleA&'tll Ilae;~SEpoulle o'tt tors, a1to 'ttlV 1tpro'tll crnYlltl 61tou crncr'tilSllKe 'to tAAllVtKO Kpnroc, it 'EAAllVtKtl nOAt'teia, 'ttlV EAeyav aKOllll, ~pESllKe EIl1tpOe;cre Soos1tiAu'ta 1tAllSucrlltKa 1tpO~Aillla'ta. IIpaYllanKu, 'to veooecrcro KpU'tOe;,1tapa 'ttlV &oa<ptKilroo aVe1tUpKeta, E1tacrxe cruvulla Kai a1to aVe1tUpKeta &pyanKou ouvalltKOU, '0 llaKpOe; Kai aflla'tllPOe; ,Aywva~, of cr'tepilcrEte;, of approcr'tte~, it Otxovota, elxav &Aa't'twcret cre 'tE't01O ~aSllo 'tOY 1tAllSucrllo, rocr'te &K'tucret~ Ylie; va IlEVOUV aKaAAtEpYll'te~, '0 Ka1tooicr'tptae; Soxtucos va 1tpocreAKucret ollopee; tAAllvtKee; oiKoYEvete~,61troe; ytVo'tav uAAo'te, 6'tav ZaKuVS10t &pyu't~ nspvobocv cr'ttlV Ilsxoxovvnoo. "Hpfkrv Xtro'tee;, ~avaE<puyav' TJpSav xni a1to liAAee; tAAllvtKee; 1tOAt'teiEe;,~avaE<puyav Kai &Keivot: (Iu'ta uuptupobvrm a1to 'toue; cru'YXpovou~. 'H OtUKptcrll avullecra cre ~EAAl'lve~ Kai 'EAAaoi'tee;, it 61toia 1tOAUYPTJyopa Sa 1t<lpet cra<ptcr'tepa cruVEtOllcrtaKa crxilIla'ta, EXet KtoAa~ apxicret va otaypu<pe'tat. Be~airo~, av'tiKpu cre 'tt't01a Kev'tpo<puya 1teptcr'tanKu, U1tUPXOUV Kai liAAa xsv'tpolloAa, llap'tuPlllleVa KtoAa~ a1tO 'ta 1tpro'ta xpovta 'tli~ 6Sro-VtKfj~ ~acrtAeiac;, a1<;pt~ro~'to 1834' Ollro~ cr'tou~ io1Ou~ au'tou~ KatpOUe;, ~AE1tet Kavei~ KaSapa cr'ta ' Anouvnuovsoucec 'tou 'I'uAA.a va 1tAllcrtat;;et a1tetAll'ttKtl it ptxvoxrn 'tou au'toxSoVtcrIlOU. l:' au'ttl Sa av'ttopucret, oEKa xpovta apyo'tepa, cr'ttlV xu'tuAAllAll 1tepi1t'trocrll, it icrxuPtl otuvota 'tou KroAEnll. "Evu iOaVtKO, ei7talle, aAM ouo EK<ppucret~ 'tOU oucrKoAa crull~t~acr'tE~' Kai 7tpt7tet &1tiIlOVa va usvooue cr'ttlV &7tOXtlit 67toia 7tpOmTJSllKe a7to 'ttlv 31l l:e7t'tell~piou 'tOU 1843, yta va Iltl oivoulle cr'ta <patVolleva otacr'tucret~ 'ti~ 67toie~ 7tlipav cre liAAll &1toxil. AAArocr'te, Kai mo 1ttpa va 7tuet Kavei~ usou cr'to Xpovo, of a7tOm:Ot 'troY iOtrov <patVOIlEvrov elvct aicrSll'tOi: XPEtUcr'tllKe va <P'tucroulle cr'ta xpovta 'tOU reropyiou 'tOU A' yta va tAKucrSouv of &mxetplllla't{e~ va a<pilcrouv 'ta KEv'tpa 'tOU E~ro'teptKOU Kai va &YKa'tacr'taSouv cr'ttlV 'EAM.oa. Ilponyobv'tat 'tptuv'ta Xpovta &m<puAaK'ttKu, nOAu slvct va IltATJcret xcvek yta ouO"mcr'tia: au't~ slvct of liKpe~ 7tEpt7t'twcret~' Exoulle 6JlIDC;,7tuv'tro~, OUO7toAt'ttKe~ ~eropTJcret~. rpilyopa, KaS~ ei7talle, Ile'ta 'tOY ' Aywva 6 'EAAllVtcrllo~ 'tlie; 6SrollaVtKli~ au'tOKpa'tOpia~ ~ava1tlipe &7tuvro'tou. rta va 7tpOKO~et 6AoEva Kai 1teptcrcro'tEPO, 'tOU xpetat;;o'tav o,n _xpetu~e'tat 'to &1l1tOPtO,7t0\) TJ'tav it Kupta OuVallTJ 'tou : itcruxia, VOtKOKupella" 7tapoIlOta, Exoulle 'teKIlTJPta o'tt Kai cr'to tAAllVtKO ~acriAe1O U7tUPXet Ilta jJ£pioa avSpw7trov, of 67toiot avilKouv cr'ttlV 7tOAt'ttKtl i'I 'ttlV KOtvrovtKtl ityecria Kai EXOUV 7tapollOta iOaVtKa yta Ilta &crro'teptKtl t~tcropp01tllcrll. rta 'ta 7tpuYlla'ta 'tli~ 61l0YEVetae; KaAiJ dvat it Ilap'tupia 'tOU A. l:u'Y'YPou, 6 67toto~, yevvllllEVO~ 'to 1830, 7tOA\)YPTJyopa piX'tllKe cr'ttl ~t07tUAll, cr'ttl lleyuAll, KOcrIlO7tOAt'ttKtl ayopa 'tli~ IIoAll~' rpu<pet, AOt7tOV,&Keivoc; apyo'tepa cr'ta ~ A7t0IlVllIl0VEulla'tu 'tou, avaAuov'ta~ aKpt~ro~ 'ttlV 'l'uxoAoyia 'tli~ 61l0YEVeta~ cr'ttlV IIoAll, on «7tpO 'tOU KptllaiKou 7tOAEIlOU of &VKrovcr'tavnvou7toAet ·EAAllve~ oev ilcrxoAouv.'to ei~ 'ta 'tli~ 7tOAt'ttKli9). .. «Ta &SVtKa 7tpuYlla'ta 'to'te otei7tov'to U1tOroptcrllEvou aptSIlOu avSpw7trov U7tllKOroV'OSrollavrov Kai &xov'trov 'ta 'tOU cI>avapiou, ollAaotl 'ta 'tOU OiKoulleVtKOU IIa'tptapxeiou, a7toKAetcrnKov au'trov EPYroV i'I Ili'iAAov &7tuyyeAlla, 'ta 0& 'tOU &AwSEpou 'EAAllvtKOU BacrtAeiooof &VaU'tqJ tSeropouv a7tOlCAetcrnKov au'trov otKairolla Kai 'tou~ &V Krovcr'tav'ttvou7toAet i'I aAAaxou ·EAAllvac; ava~io~ crulllle'toxli~ &1ticr'teuov)). M.v 1tpE7tet 1tuv'tro~ va ~exvi'ille o'tt it aV'tiopacrll tvav'tiov 'tli~ 6SroVtKli~ 7toAt'ttKli~ 0lllltoupyilSllKe Kai IlEcr'trocre cr'tOUC; OAK 1tOU~ 'tfje; - ava'toAtKlie; Kai ou'ttKlie; - 61l0yeVEta~, Ma toro, eillacr'te aKollll 7tpiv a1to 'tOY KplllaiKO 7toAeIlO, 7tpiv a7to 'to l:e7t'tEIl~ptO 'tOU 1843. npu~el~ 'tlie; t7ticrllllll~ tAAllV1Kli~1toAm1Cli~, KaScO~it lle'tu(3acrll 'tOUwOSrovoe;cr'ttll:~pvll (Mu1O~ 'tOU 1833), it aVaKTJPU~ll'tOUaU'toKe<puAou 'tlie; tAAllvtKlie; 'EKKAllcria~ ('IouAto~ 'tOU· 1833), it 7taVllyuptKtl tvcrrollU'trocrll 'tli~ ,ASTJva~ IlEcra cr'to tAAllVtKO lCpU'tOe;Kai of 'teA.e'te~ 1tOU aKoAouSouv 'to KaAoKaipt 'tou 1834, oeixvouv fva 1tVeulla yta ave~ap'to7toillcrll, yta 01llltOupyia 'tOU tSVtKOU KEV'tpOU Ilecra
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crTO EAAT]VtKO pacr[/,.EtO. Knnotsq UA)"Ee; EVEPYELEe; Kat €KDT]AWcrEte; O£ octvovrm UVTi8ETEe;, Kat €K<ppa~ouv (crwe; ~ta xapacrcr6IlEVT] npocrwntKT] nOAtnKT] wu YOSWVoe; : TponT] npoe; 'tT]vau;oKpawpia : «oveipsooum 'tOY Sp6vo uou €KEl onou EnEcrE o TEAEumlOe; "EAAT]vae; Auroxpnropcc» ('tnT] 'tOU 1834)' Aiyoue; ~fjvEe; apy6'tEpa uVTq.LETwnLcrTT]KE nEpin'twcrT] va xpocup1l0~TEl TO rum.xo 'tfje; cr'tE\jIEWe; roo o ro pu~avnv6. 'AK6~T], cr£ Ilta napaAAT]AT] Ka'tEuSuvcrT] uncpobv va wnOSETT]SOUV ol npocrnaSEtEe;, Tie; onotEe; KavEL 0 K. Zwypa<poe; .;y.ta OtO~oA6yT]crT] cruVSTjKT]e; ~'£ 'tT]V oSw~aVtKT] au'tOKpa'topia (uno TT]V t'ivOt~T] T~U 1833 Kat um;Epu, ~£ DWKonEe; nou 6OT]youv moue; npw'tOue; IlllvEe; 'tOU 1840). nOAu xupaK'tT]ptcrTlKO slvci 'to 1']~LEnicrll~o KELIlEVO nou oll~LOcrtEUEmt crTT]V 'ASTjva TO ~En'tE~0pLO TOU 18~7 : €~T]YEl nwe; «roe; oAat at apnYEvvT]'tOt KOLVWVtm, cuvncr8avSll Kat 1'] 'Enae; TT]V qvaYKT]V Ev6'tll'tOe;, 'ta~EWe; xui Ispapxiae;». " TtTOW elvm nspbroo T] a~<ptMva~T] ~op<PT] 'tfje; 'Enaooe; we; yupw ere Xp6vtu 1840. Xnpnxr n pLcrnKa ano TT]V uno\jlT] aUTl'j elvui 'ta ocra ypa<pEt uriprupt«; Tfje; OSWVtlCfje; Irrropiuq Kat crXEOOV cruyxp6vwe; ~£ 'ta yEyov6m ocra ~ae; anacrxoAouv €ow: 0 'AAE~avopoe; ~oumoe; crXOAtU~OVTae;, TO 1844, 'ta YEyov6,a TOU 1840, 'ta crXEnKa IIi; ,0 Zwypu<po, a7topEi 11£ 'T]v o~u'tT]ra nou crT]lIE LWST]KE ,6'tE €vav,iov 'tOu omAWlla'T] Kat no At rtKOU Kat napa'tT]pET on «KaS' Bv Xp6vov ouwe; otEnpaYlla,EuETO TT]V crUVSTjKT]V at nspi TOU IlnAOVToe; IlEyaAEiou Tfje; 'EAAaooe; tOEal oi;v ESEp~atVOv En Tae; KE<paAae; 1']llwv». YEXOUIlE Eva SEnKO opio llapTUpT]~EVO ano EuaicrST]'tO OtKTT] TWV xrvqucrcov Tfie; Enoxfje;, oco xo i iiv npE1tEl va ,.nl oLa<pEuyouV ano TOV EAEyx6 Ilae; ol Ka,a xmpoi»; €~U\jIEle; 'tOU. '0 10toe;, uAAwcrTE, EVu xp6vo apy6TEpa, TO 1845, Ilae; oi VEL lIla €~icrou €vDta<ptpoucra, UnOSETlKT] o ' aUTT]v rnv nEpinTwcrT], uaprupin : crXOAtu~ov,ae; 1l6voe; TOU, crull<Pwva IIi; ,ie; cruvTjSELEe; Tfje; €noxfje;, Ilta KUnOta EniIlOVT] anacrx6A T]crTj TOU IIi; TO Bu~avno, CL1toAoyEimt AEYOVTae; on xpEla~6mv va avamU~Et KanWe; ,0 St~a TOU, yw,i «oAoL c nuspov ol A6ytol TOU nspi ,ae; 'ASTjvae; mxrrpsrpousvou €AaXicrwu 1']IlWV KpaTOUe; €~UllvoUm uovov vi Kae; xuru I1EPcrWV '0 Ei: J{ovf.ta')Jovo'Yje;, sxne6awnoe; wii Owcpwnaf.t0ii rdlJ onoio')J Kat 'AKaOT]~iae; I1AaTwvwv, UYVOOUVTEe; t] AT]crIlOVOUV,Ee; TT]V avvOesl f.tB T'Y;JI dexaia naeaOoa17, O.eyXSl rove; 8aVf.taarBe; roii IlETaYEvEcrTEpav 06~av wu €V Krovcruvnvooaoxei aUWKpaTOBvCa')Ji[~v. ' Ena')J(J): 0 1: /{ov/J.aJlovO'Yje; (' A8~j'a, r. rS')JvaOewc; PEucravToe; EAAT]VlKOU £8voue;». "Erot alvei, uAAa Aiyo xmpo B l{3A.W81j'X'Yj). VWpiTEpa, 0 MUpKOe; PEVlEpT]e; OT]~OcriEUcrE cri; nEpLOOlKO uvun6ypa<pa lIla IlEAETll 11£ TOV ThAO «Ti elver 1'] 'EUae;, ' Avayta TOV xposopo Tfje; 'ApXatoAoytKfje; 'Ermploz; elvut TO EA;oAT] 11 ~ume; .» (1842). Tprupst Yla rov Kopuf OTt cr,UST]KE A~VtKO_~pa,~e;' ?crOt UAAOt TO, mrroiiv t] TO na,11crav elver o IlEyUAOe; OtEPIlT]vtae; Tfje; ~ucrEwe; npoe; TT]V 'EAAuoa' «au,oe; ~EVOt." '::'E~Ot ,0 ~tAt1tnOe;, ..VlKT]'tT]e;",WV 'EAAT]VWV cr'T] Xutpronpwwe; ESEcrEv i;ni KE<paAfje; 'tfje; EAAT]VLKfje; <pLAoAoyiae; aV,t vein aAAa «0 <I>lAt1t7We; Enpa~EV aAAo ,fje; VLKT]e; i;KEi VT]e; OAETOU 0appaplKou oupuciou rov de; TOV Mevcv ~ouKa TOcrOUTOV S~tW'E?~V, €YEVVT]crE ~OV 'AAE~avOpov» ... «'H TOU Bu~aVTOe; IllcrT]TOV ounKov nlAov. 'AvaoEXSEie; TT]V lam v TWV avaplS~TjnOA,te; EYE~E'~ nO,AuSpUAT]we; ~aSEo~a 'tfje; PWJlaIKfje; AUWKpa:wv Tfje; EAAT]VLKfje; <pUAfje; nAT]ywv, EIX!: navw,E Ete; ,0 o rouc ;Opl~e;, ,T]2 oxotnc nO~Ao~nov Kat ~apEWpaJlEVOV 1'] 'EAAae; we; naVUKELaV TT]V AE~tV "Eopronr;". "TT]v EupwnT]v Ilt~Tj8T]'E ; anErEAEl Jl~poe;»: TEAlKa" «T] Bu~~vnvT] to roplc slvoi UAAT]AtvTT]v EupwnT]v IlEA.E!TjcraTE, uno 'tT]v EupwnT]v SEcr~oue; xui voOEWe; ~XEOOV Kal ~aK~o,a't~ cstpn npa~Ewv JlWpwv '<at aLcrXpwv lloSt,ae; ~T]TTjcra'E'" 'WlaUmt i1crav at TOU 'Aduuuvriou KaSll0WlOTT]TWV WU su; W Bu~avTLov JlE'tEJl<PU!EUSEVWe; PWJlaIKOU J.lEPlVai napatvtcrEle;' Ot' au,wv 0 vsoc ouwe; ~ucrraywyoe; Kpnrouq. Elvut cr'T]Aoypa<pia i;novEiDT]TOe; 'tfje; €crXUTT]e; USAl67tPOcrEKUAEL TT]V f:AAT]VlKT]V vsoxulnv Eie; Tfje; ~ucrEwe; Ta IlUcrTTj!1FOe; Kat E~ouSEVcOcrEwe; ,WV 'EAATjvwv». 'H 'EA~ue;, Aom6v, Pla». To 1845, 0 ~TE<pavOe; KoullavoUOT]e; Sa nllTjcrEl TOV uvwEva JlEpOe; TOU pWJlalKOU t] rof 0u~avTtvou KpUWUe;: T] KaSavUllo cruyypa<pEa Kat ouvcun Sa uvan'U~EL lILa SEwpia, nOD slvrn pwe; YEwypa<plKT] wnoSE'T]crT] WU ~T],T]Jla'toe;. 01KEia cri; ocroue; IlEAETT]CJav ,a Ioropucc WU ~AAT]VLKOU ~taOi an6\j1Ele; aUTEe;, deE o-ro covoxo roue, slrs cri; nOAAEe; <pwHcrllou, KaTa TT]V onoin 1'] LlucrT] KAT]pov61lT]crE TO nVEu~a TOUe; AEntOIlEpEtEe;, Sa unoouvaJlwSouv xuiptu, o,av Sa €K<ppaTOU apxaiou EAAT]VlKOU xocuoo xni cruvEnwe; ol VEOl "EAAT]. o rouv tcrXupo,Epa t'iAAEe; SEWpT]crEle; TWV' OLKEiWV <patVOJlEVWV, v~e; nT]yaivovme; npoe; 'T] LlucrT] 0aoL~ouv npoe; TT]V UVUKrT]crT] ol onolEe; Sa oLallOP<PWSouv Ka'E~OXT]V uno rov K. I1anaPPT]tlle; naTptKfje; WUe; KAT]pOVOIlLae;. yonouAo. ~'to JlEm~U, ,0 YEwypa<pLKo nEptEx6JlEVO, nOD npopuAAUTT] Aomov ElVaL 1'] tDEOAoy[a TOU 'EAAT]vLcr~ou roe; 'ta AEmt UVa<pOPLKa Jl£ 'T]V 'EAMoa, Sa nupEL 'tT]V nAT] PT] crjuuotu Xp6vta 1839, 1840, 1841. 'H 'EUae; ElVaL 1'] 'Enae;, KAT]pOTOU Otav, 'to 1843-1844, Sa EtOL~a~Emt 'to ~uv'taYJlu KUt Sa v61l0e; xo i oLaooxOe; TOU upxaiou xoouou, UcrXE'tT] uno onoTjcru~lFEhat 'to ~T]tT]~a ,WV auwxSovwv Kat 'tWV EtEPOXSovwv. nOTE E~T]crE cr,a xw~a,a TT]e;, Cie; slvrn MaKE06vEe;, Pmuutoi, ,Ana 0.'Ie;rors, una nOAlTtKa YEyovo,a Sa ~nT] psuoouv n'l Bu~avH voi, TOUPKOL. Au'tT] 1'] SEcrT] OOT]YEl, 0t0aLa, crov au,ocrKE\jIT], 'tT] cruvEiOT]crT] Kat ,0 SUlltKo wu VEOU <EAAT]Vtcr~OU. XSovlcrll6, cr!11 pl YIlEVT] crTT] 0aml 'tfje; icr'topiae;' 1'] aUT] SEcrT] 11£ Ilpoxevrct yta ,a xpoVta 1839, 1840 Kat 1841, Ka,a ,a nEpLcrcr6TEPo YEwypa<pl KO xapaKrTj pa IlEVEt onwe; 'tT]v ElOallE onoia yi VEtUL tOtal rspc aicrST]'T] cr'tT]v 'EUuoa T] ota,upa~ll Ol~TUnWJ.lEVT] o-ro Nsoooro Aouxc. 'H npw'tT] uno aUT£e; E~T]~Et. TT] otaJl6p<pwcrT] yvwllwv onwe; £KEi VT] 'tT]v onoia £K<PEPEt 'tWV crXEcrEwv uvullEcra crtT]v Aryun,o Kat cr'T]V ToupKia. Mta icrxupT] <pptK[acrT] Ota'tpkXEt 'tOTE 'tOV 'EAAT]vtcrJlo, ano 'T]V ono[a o IaKw00e; Pi~oe; NEpOUAOe; cr'T]V ' AKp6noA T]: T] 'EUae; 459
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E1ticr11e;;, a E~e'tacrou~e cr' au'tTtv UKO~1') 'tTt cretpa, yta'ti, ocro 9 Kai liv cruvexi~e'tat Kai 6~uve'tal cr'tTtV E1tO~ev1') 5eKae'tia exet 'tTtV apXTJ rou E5w. ' Of uvn9&O'ete;; ~eKa9api~ouv KaAU'tepa 'ta 1tpay~a'ta. rpu<peL 6 'AI... l:oO'tO'oe;; 'to 1836: «Ihorsom ete;;eva lla't&pa MovapX11v e1e;;Eva Ylov roo Aaov Kai ete;;Eva· Ayiov O'uV'tay~a'ttKov llveO~ uu». ~l1Aa5TJ, 01tOtot 5tv elva! 6 ~ovupX1')e;;, 11, lie;;1toO~e ~t Ka1tota 1tOt*tKTt UVOXTJ,fJ E~ouO'ia, u1to'teAoOv 'to Aao' ouvdsnKOe;;KpiKOe;;uva~eO'a O''ta 560 O''totxeia 'tfje;; 1toAt'teiae;;, 'to l:uv'tay~a. rta 'tov uVcOvu~o cruv'taK't11 EVOe;; ~ta.Myou, rov E1tO~VO Xpovo, 'to Kpcroc «O'u~1teptAa~~avet Kai 'tov BaO'tA&a Kai rov Anov»: yta va yivel o~ooe;;Ka9au'to Kpu'toe;;, 1tp&1tel va «ouvrux9ij», 511Aa5Tt va u1tolC'tTJO'et O'uv'tay~a. 'Apyo'tepa,.6 rovoc 9a u'I'oogei a10'911'ta, o'tav 51a5tKa~ov'tat 'ta <palvo~eva 1toil euvooseouv 'tTtV ·E~COO'1') U1tO EKei xui 1t&pa 9a 1tapet eva xa: pa~'tTJPa ~eplO'O'o't~po U1tO uvngenKo' EP10''ttKO, ~aX1')'ttKo. l:'to ~'ta~u, fJ ,uvnge~1') 'tTtV 61toia Exou~e va Kpa'tTJO'ou~e, elvatEKe,tV11 ;l1V 61tota E1tlO'1')~ava~e, 1toil 1tapouO'ta~el 560 xoivovuce O'KeA11,'to 1..0.0 Kai 'toile;; Aoyioue;;' yt' aU'toile;; yive'tat Myoe;; U~&O'ooe;;, E5w. rta 'tie;;560 c'iAAee;; evvotee;;, 1toil slvm iO'ooe;; Kai O'u'Y'YevtJCf:e;; ~e'ta~u rooc, 6 «1tepl0UO'lOe;;» Aaoe;; Kai 6 5teK51K11'tTte;; Aaoe;;, yive'tal Myoe;; EKei 01tOU E~aipov'tat 'ta <patvo~eva O''tTt O'uv&xeta 'toO Ke<paAaiou au'toO. '
<to'tav 1tetvalJ 6 Aaoe;; Kt o'tav cr'tevoxoopfj'tat KaV&Va 5&v EV'tp&1te'tat KaV&Va 5&v <po~ei'tat». To ~ava~picrKou~ xui cr'tie;; E1tO~eVee;;EK56crete;; 'tou epyou, crt c'iAMe;;~veiee;; 1tpiv U1tO rov 'AYcOva Kai ~e'ta. ·Clcr'te KUKAo<p0P11creUPKe'ta Kai a1to'teAei 'teK~TJPtO 1toil ~1i<; E~1t05i~et va crucrxe'ticrou~e au'tTt 'tTtV 15ta~oucra cr11~acria 'tou opou, 01tooe;;9a rt'tav <pUcrtKO, ~& 'tTt raAAtKTt 'E1tavacr'tacr11' Va ~Ttv 'tTtV crucrxe'ti~ou~ u1toKAetcr'ttKa: E1tO~eVO ft'tav iJ 1tUKVTtXPTJcr11roo Kai E1taVoo cr'tTt raAAtKTt 'E1tavacr'tacr11 Kai crt ~e'tayev&cr'tepa xpovta va 1tpoKaA&cret ~ta uvaAoY11 1tl)1CVoo<nt Kai cr'ta EAA11vtKa, 01tOU, uA119tva, u1tav'tu cruxva ~e'ta 'tov 'AYcOva xnt, cruxva E1ticr11e;;,crt U1tO<pacrtcrnKa cr11~eia 'tou Myou. Ti alvei 6 Aaoe;;, 1tOAil voopie;;, cr'tTtV 1tepi050 .'tTtV 61toia ~EAe'tu~, ei5a~e : ~ta EvaAAaK'ttKTt cr11~acria ~t rov «OXAO» (1822) Kai uv'ttge'ttKTt ~t 'toile;; «~tcro~op<poo~&VOUe;;»'Kai of 560 1tEP11t'tcOcrete;; UVTJKOUV cru'Y'Ypa<peie;; ~ouv crt c'iKpooe;; crt 1toil ouvrnP1')'ttKO ei'te uvn5pacr'ttKo KAi~a. '0 l:'toup~ae;; ~aAlcr'ta, o'tav ~lAEi Yla ~tcro~op<poo~&VOUe;;,Evvoei a1tAWe;;'toile;; Aoyioue;; cr'tTtV 1tpo05eunKo't11'ta 'toue;;, Kai ~picrKEt au'tov 'tov 'tP01tO Y1a va 'toile;; ~elcOcrel. XapaK't11Plcr'ttKTt elvat ~ta c'iA.A.11 PTJcr1') yta x , 1tOAAoile;; youe;;: 1tPO&pxe'ta! U1tO'tov uyoovt~o~evo 'En11vlcr~o, M 5&v exet 9EooP1')'ttKO xpoo~a'ttcr~o, 511AcOVEt1tEptoPtcr~&V1l KaAAt&pYf.la Kai, cruve1tWe;;,1tp&1tet va 1tA11crta~et crt Ka'tt KOtvOXP11cr'to tj va u1to'teAei 1tpocr1tageta 'twv ~&croov uv9pc01tooV yta va tK<ppacrouv ~ta evvota 'tfje;; 61toiae;; Otv EXOUVuv'ticr'totXo cr'tTt YAci>crcra'toue;;. llpoKel'tat Yla 'tTt ~: «KaT E1taVUA11'1'tV»E9vtKTt Iuv&Aeucr11' EIi:ei of 1tA11pe~oucrtot ~tAouv yta 'tTt 9&A1')cr11«'twv Aawv ~ae;;» Kai uAAoO : «ot Aaoi ~ae;; E1tl9u~oOv 'tTtV ~eAdoocrtv 'tl'je;;Ka'tacr'tucrecOe;; 'tooV».Ot 'l'1')<po<popOt~ae;;; Of 1tA119ucr~oi 'toile;; 61toioue;; uvn1tpocroom:uou~e ; llav'tCO<;, 1tpiv uPXicrouv ot av'tt9E'ttKte;; Ep~1')veiee;;, iJ 1tPcO't11<r11~acria 'tou opou uv'ta1toKpive'tat 1tEpi1tou ~t 0, 'tt AEY0'tav 'to'te e9voe;; tj Kai Y&VOe;; <puA Kai Tt Kai <puAov, UAAa icrooe;;~t 1tlO 't01tlKTt xpota. llav'tooe;; 'tuxaiVEt Va OOU~E'tov Evav uv'ti 'tov c'iAAo.'0 Kavovae;; &tvat, o'tav yi VE'tal Myoe;; Yla 'to crUvoAo 'twv u'to~oov 1toil U1to'tEAoOv 'to E9vlKO (J\)AAoytKo crw~a, va uva<p&pe'tat ei'tE 'to e9voe;; ei'te, cr'tov EVtKO, 6 Aaoe;;' o'tav o~ooe;;,Aiyoue;; ~fjvee;; upyo'tepa cr'tTtV llpovota, (J\)~1')'toOv'tal Kai uvn5tacr't&AAov'tat ot EK<ppacrete;;«6 BacrtAeile;; Kai 6 Aaoe;;» Kai «6 Aaoe;; Kai 6 BacrtAeue;;», iJ uv'tieecr1') &tva! <pavEPTJ. 'Clcr'tocro lie;; ~Ttv ~exvu~e on 5i1tAa cr' au'to exou~e 1taYtoo~&V1')eK<ppacr1'), 5avelcr~&v1') U1tO 'tTtV llaAata ~la9TJK1'): «1tEPlOucrl0e;; AaOe;;». To E1tiee'to 'toO'to, ~aAlcr'ta, ~ue;; <p&pVel crt evav KUKAo EK<ppacreoov 1toil u'Y'Yi~et (nTt XP11cr~oAoyia, cr'tov 1tpo<p11ncr~o, cr'tie;; 9p11crKeUnKf:e;; E~apcrete;;, 'tov 61toio,
Ka9cb<; Kai
l:'to ~'ta~il ei5a~e on iJ 'EAM5a 'toO EiKoO'L&Va orspet'tat U1tO AOYtocrUv1')Ev't01tla: KaVOVtKa, ol AoytOt exouv epgeL U1t&~oo' 1tpiv 1tpoO'1ta9TJO'ou~e va ~TJO'ou~e KU1tooe;;tTtv evvota ' 'toO Aoyiou 0" EKeiva 'ta xpovta, KaM elvat va 9u~1190u~e rov «AoytcO'ta'to». Tov cruvav'ta~e cruxva erov 'A YcOva, Kai uO''tepa, roe;;1tPOO'<PcOV1l<r11, roe;;eK<ppaO'l1 O'e~aO'~oO, roe;;EK<ppacr11XAeu11e;;. ·IO'co<;, 0" au'to 'to O'uAAoY1Ko O'w~a 'twv uyooVtO''twv, 01tOU iJ O''tpo<PTt 1tpOe;;'ta ypa~~a'ta elval Aiy1'), AOytcO'ta'toe;; va slvui a1tAWe;;6 ~op<poo~&vo<;, 511Aa5Tt O'f: ~&YtO''to 1toO'oO''to, u<pou 6 KAfjpoe;; 5ta9&'tet 5t1C&e;;on 1tpoO'<poovTJO'ete;;, r ~&O'a O''tie;; 61toiee;; O'l1~ai verm Kai fJ AOYtoO'uv1') (1tavoO'loAoytcO'ta'toe;;, KA1t.), 6 MO'KliAoe;;. '0 <J)oo'taKOe;; 1taAt 5i vet rov rovo, ~tAcOv'tae;; yta Kai 'to\' Aoytoo't~nO'~o: «fJ vsn au't1') 'ta~le;; e~oogev tpXO~&V1'), Kai E1ta'Y'YeAAo~ev11o'tt yvoopi~et 'ta ypa~~a'ta Kai ~&vae;;YAcOO'O'ae;; roe;;Kai 'tTtV 1toAtnKTJv, EcrUYKet'to U1tO 5t5aO'KaAoue;; 'twv O'1tl'ttw~ , 'twv 6p.oyevwv ~ae;;». BA&1tet Kaveie;; 'tTt Mva~1'), uAAa Kai 'tTtV u5uva~ia 'tTtv 61toia 1tapouO'ia~e iJ «'ta~1')) au'tTJ, Ka'ta 'tTtV eK<ppaO'l1 'toO <J)oo'taKou : Mva~l1, Yla 'tTtV u1tepOXTt 'tou ypa~~anO'~&vou ~&O'a O''to KaAoO''teKou~evo O'1tl'tt· uAAa Kai 'tTtv u5uva~ia, yta 'tTt ~etoo~&v1') 9&<r11'tTtv 61toia elXe EKei 6 OtKO5tMO'KaAoe;;, 6 61toioe;; rt'tav eva Ev5tu~eO'o uvu~eO'a O''tO\)e;; U1t11p&'tee;; O''ta u<peV't1Ka, Kai 61too0'5TJ1to'te 1ttO KOV'ta O''toile;; Kai 1tpcO'toue;;. llav'tooe;;, yeVtKU, ot A6ytOl 5tv elxav O'u~1tagetee;; : 0'1tUV1a 'to ai0'911~a 'tfje;; ~EloveKnKo't1')'tae;; c'iyet 1tpOe;; 'tTt O'u~1tageta EKeiVOU 1toil 'to ai0'9ave'tat 1tpOe;; EKeivov 1toil 'to 1tpoKaAei. '0 opo<; «AoYlcO'ta'tOe;;», 11, O''tov 1tA119uvnKo, «ot AoytcO'ta'tot», 1taipvov'tae;; 'tTtV eipooVtKTt O'l1~aO'ia 'tTtV 61toia exet ~ovo Kpa'tTJO'et O'TJ~epa, 5eixvet Kai on iJ A&~l1 aU'tTt O'fJ~atve Kan U~tOAoyo, Kai o'tt u1tepiO'xuO'e O''tTt XPTJO'l1't11e;; 5uO'<P11~11, eipooV1KTJ't11<;evvota: «6 vOv Aoyto<; Kai AOytcO'ta'toe;; 6 U1tO 'tfje;; uJ1,a9eiae;; 6Atyoopou~VOe;;», eypa<pe, uKo~a KOV'ta O''tTtV E1tOXTt1toil ~u<; Ev51a<p&pet, 6 X. lla~1tOUK11e;;(1852). TTt O'l1~avnKo't1')'tu 'toO 9&~a'toe;; 5eixvet ropaia Kai 6 veoAoytO'~oe;; «1..0ytoo'ta'toKpa'tia», 'tov 61toio <puive'tat va e1tAaO'e 6 r. Tep'tO'&'t1')e;;to 1855' ~ue;; <p&pvet c'i~eO'a 1tiO'ooO''ta Myta 'toO B11Aapu : ' «·00'0 5t Aei'l'ouv o{ 1tpOA11'1'ee;; 'twv Aoytoo'ta'toov, 'to rtvoe;; Otv ~A.t1tet 1to't& 'tou fJ~&pa». ·Eva xpovo ~e'ta 'tov Tep'tO'&'t1'), 'to 1856, 6 <J)a'tO'&a<;~e~atcOvet on «5ta 'tTtV ~oopiav 'toO Aoytoo'ta'ttO'~oO» 5tv exou~e ~e'ta<ppuO'et<; U1tO 'toile;; upxaioue;;. ~f:V elval tow 'tcOpa iJ 9&0'11 va ~ivet Myoe;; yta 'to YAooO'O'tKO~TJ't'l~a :
461
'to 9&lla slvm iJ E1taKpij3rocrll K(i7tOlroV oproV' Ila roe; 7tpOe; 'tOUe; Aoyioue;, 'ta Ai ya ocra EXoUIlS osi Iliie; 7tsWOUVon Kun crullj3aiVSt )lE 'tl'jv «'tu~l1» roue, 07troe;'tl'jv AESt 6 cDro'tuKoe;. Elver ecvepo on 7tPOKUAOUV ulcr911crll 1l1iie;O6VUlllle;EmKi vOUvlle;: !p90voe;, 'tl'jv oucrmcr'tiu, crupKucrllOe; uvuosuov'tal IlEcra cr' uu'tl'j 'tl'jv alcrellcrll, 07tOU aAAo'ts 'tovi1;s'tUl 'Ii uiu, aAAo'ts 'Ii aAA11 a7tO"'l1. Kcnors 'ta 1tpOKaASi ,; uVllcruxia EIl1tpOe; cr't1) cruv'tTJPllcrll, xui KU7tO'tS nnpopotu uKplj3roe; uVllcruXiu EIl7tpOe; cr't1)v uvaKut vien. TO. 7tUPU7tOVUYla rov «Ku'taolroYIlO» 'trov Aoyirov uvUYOV'tUl 7t!lv'troe; roe; 'til XPOVta 'tot) Kcnodtorptc : «Ka'tE'tpsxSV Emcri]Ilroe;», ypU!pSl hae; 'tlllll'ti)e; roo, «rou; Aoyioue; 'tOU E9voue; Ilue;. E~alpoullEvrov 7tEV'tS 11 O&KU'to 7toM, 'trov 07t0{rov E!poj3ei'to 11 1)yopucre 't1)v YArocrcrUVKat 'to KOVOUA1»(1831). Td ~avuj3pioxoous KU'to. xorpoi»; upyo'tspa, Kat oeixvouv 7t!lv'to'te r1)v Ku9s AOYfie;, KUt U7tO Olu!popsnKEe; 't07t0ge'tTJcrsle;, uVllcruXiu YlU 'tl'j OUVU)ll1't1)v o1toiu 9u ll1topoucrav vu 1tUPOUV o{ 1l0P!ProIlEVOt av9pro7tOl )lEcrU cr't1)v li7tAacr'tll UKO)lU KUlvoupin veosAAllvlK1) xotvovto. Fupro cr't1)v 311 l:S7t'tSllj3piou Kat cr'tllV 'E9vocrUVEASU- . on, it uv'tiesCf11 xopuqxovenn : 1l0lu1;sl IlEcrU cr't1)v EX9p07tu9sta 7tpOe; 'toue; S'tspox90vse; vu {muPxsl Kui" oucr7tlcr'tia 'trov aU'tOx90vrov 7tpOe; 't1) AOY10cruvll" o7toia, 07tro<; et7talle, elvci U7tO 'tu xupaK'tllPlcrnKu 'trov E7tTJAUOroV. PTJyue; llaAa)l~Ol1e;, '0 itYS'tlKO npoorono 'tOU au'tOx90vlcrllou, Evrovel crE 1l1U 7tUpucr'tucrll Bcuopou; KUt Aoyiou~' 0 'AAE~UVOpOe; l:ou'tcroe; 'tot) 9u)li1;el on 0 KOAoKo'tprovlle;, olroKO)leVOe;U7tO'toue; Bnoupooc, crro911Ke U7tO 't1)v «06VUlllV xupUK'tfiPOe;» 'tl'jv 07t0{U E7tEOS1~av «ol 060 MYlOl 'A vcercoro; lloAu1;rotolle; Kai rsropYlOe; Te P'tcrE'tll <;». Fturi crov airovu u\.)"[o 'tfie; AOYlOcruvlle;, orov 67toio ol cru'Y'Ypu!peie; xui of MYlOl uvuOetX911Kav crE OAll 'tTJ OUnKTJ Eupro7tll Kai crE ocree; veupEe; E9vo'tll'tee; eu9uypull~i1;ov'tuv lla1;i 'tlle;, 7tOAl'tlKOi KU'tS~OX1)v itYE'tSe;, it 'EAMe; oev 6cr'tEPllcrs U7tO 'tl'jv a7to"'l1 aU'ti]' KUt 'tOU'tO icrXUSl 0Xl uovo YlU 'to ~6Kivnuc 'tfie; 7teplOOOu it 67toiu Iliie; EVOlU!pEPf.l,(huv 'tu 7tpuYlla'tu, of UPIl0010'tlln:e;, 'tU K01VroV1KUAS1'tOUPYTJIlU'tU,OEVeixuv UK&': 1111 crm9spu opla, uAM cruvexfcr'tllK£ roe; uPyu, KUt EIl7tpuK'tU, rots, Kai IlE 't1) crUVEPYSta 'tfie; Iloxrretuc : 6 Teprosrnc, 6 '!OUAlOe; Tu7t!lAooe;, 6 Krovcruvttvoc lla7tapPllY07tOUAOe;, 6 ,Aplcr'tO'tEAlle; BaAurophlle;, ucrKouvllucrnKTJ E9vlKTJ Opacrll Kat EK'teAOUVuve7ticrllIlSe; Ol7tArollunKEe; U7tocr'toAte;. /lEV 6cr'tEpnos oihs roe; 7tpOe; 'tl'j ouvstonen 'tOU !pUlvouevoo. BEj3alu, «IlE 'to 7tEVUKui IlE 'to 7t!lAu»' uAAa ollroe; 'ta MYlU ul)"[a !P&PS'tal VU 'tu AESl ,uyrovlcr'tTJe;, Kpa'troV'tue; E'tcrl 'tOUAUXlcrTOV 't1) )llcrTJ b6~a 'tOt> EiKOcrlEVU Y1U'ta 07tAa. Kui 'tu AtSl Y1U'tov lOlO 'tov 'A yrovu. Mu it uv'tiAll"'l1 f)'tav 7tOAU'YSV1Kit, KUt UVUAoYll . it 67tSPll!puVSta 'trov Aoyirov. To 1845 crllllSlrovsl 6 'AAe~avopOe; l:ou'tcroe;: «'H 'EAMe; il9sASV uvaK'titcrsl 'tilv UU'tovolliav 'tlle; (iv oi MYlOl OlU cru'YYpu!prov Kai Ola crxoAsirov oev 7tpoll'toiIlU1;ov 'tov IlEyav uyrovu 'tlle;, (iv Ka't' au'tov 'tov uyrova Ota 'trov SUpro7tUlKroVS!Pllllspiorov OEV 67tSPTtcr7t11;ovsvromov 'trov s9vrov KUt 'trov j3UcrlAErov'ta OiKatU 'tlle;, (iv cruYXpovroe; OEVelcri]yayov EV 'tij 'EUUOl 'tilv Kuj3spvll'tlKilv U7t'1PEcriav 'tfie; 7tS7tOAl'tlcrIlEV11e;Eupro7tlle; Kui (iv OEVcruvE'ta't'tOv sie; 'E7tiouupov, sie; TP011;fiva 'toue; cruv'taYllanKOUe; 9scr1lOUe; 'tlle;; 'H 'EAAUe; il9sAS Mj3sl 'to I:uvmYIlU KU'ta 'to 1843 (iv o{ MY10l OlU 'tOU 7tSPlOOlKOU 'tU7tOU Kat Ola crUYYPUIlIlU'trov oev 7tP07tUpscrKsua1;ov S7tt oSKas'tluv 't1)v KOlvilv M~uv ; ». ~O,n AeIlS ol1Auoil crTtllspa «K01V1)yvrollll»' Kat t7tUYS'tal, Aiyo mo KU'tro: «Kai crTJIlSPOV VOlli1;s'ts on 'to l:uV'tUYlla 'tou'tO ouva'tul vu s!pap)locr9ij xropte; 'tfie; cruvopollfie; 'trov Aoyirov uvoprov; ». '0 i010e;, cre fva. !pUAA.tl010 'tOU (1852), icr'topEi U7tocr7tucrllanKu, uAM Ile 7tOAA1)7tAllPO'tll'ta, 'til crullj3oA1) 'trov Aoyirov cr'tilv E~EA1~11 'tOU 't07tOU : 'to OVSlPO 'tfie; 6AollsAEiae;, 't1)v uV't{Opacrll 'trov au'tox90vrov Kai 't1) j3u91l1a{u U7tOcrKOPUKlcrll 'tfie; AOYlOcruvlle; U7tO 'ta KOlvU. 'Eoro 0 opoe; 'tau'ti1;s'tat 7tspi7toU IlE 'toue; «7ts7talOsUIlEVOUe;», 07troe; 'toue; ovollu1;sl 6 'Ol1llocrloMyoe; crnxoupyoe; : «{mEp 'toue; 'tPlcrX1Aioue; MylOl ~EAAllVSe; Il&VOUcrlVu!pavste; Kui aXPllcr'tol EV 'tij 'EAA.tlOm. AOY10l, U7tAroe; oi 1l1) uypalllla'tol; "OX1' oi 'tl'tAOt· 'toue; 462
slvm liAAOl xni IlEVOUVicrxupoi Kai u7tapuypa7t'tOl. To 1850 otaj3u1;O\illS cr't1)v «'E!Pll)lspioa 'tot> Aao\»> 1l1U crXS'ttK1)j3sl3uiroen (IlE U7talvlYllo ytu 't1) opucrll 'tot> r. Fsvvcdtou 'to KaAoKaipt . 'tou 1826 cr'to NaU7tA.lO) : «Tnv s7tavucr'tucrlV ollroe; of My tot 't1)v 7tapscrKsuucrav Kui of AOY10l 't1)v 67t&'tps!pov' o'tav OE 'to 7tUP aU'tfie; _vu cr13scr9ij EK1V06vsus, Aoyiou XStp 'to UVSKiVSl Kat v&ae;UV&OlOS !pMyue;». Kat it 'Ypullll1) )lEVSl j3u~hu xapuYIl&vll IlEcrU cr'ta XPOV1U: it 7talosia, ypU!pSl &VUe;VEOe;UYOPll'tTte;'tOU 1872, «slvci Ste; SK 'trov xopuorspmv 1l0XAroVof 67toiol u7tsKiVllouv 't1)v s7tavucr'tacrlv 'tou 21»' Kat UKOllll, liAAOe;, A{YOupyo'tspu, cr'tTJV 'EPIlOU7tOA11, 'to 1876: «7tOA.Slllcr'tUt KUt AOYlOl» E'tl)i)lucrav 'tov 'Ayrovu. ~OAa au'tu 9u EAsys KavEie; on KaAu 'tu cruvo",i1;sl 'to 1865 6 'AX1A. AsI3EV'tlle;, <hay ypu!PSt O'tl it 'EAAUe; «1l0A.le; u1tsAsu9spro9sicru KUP1SUS'tUt U7tO ouo cr't01X6ia» : slvm «6 llUA1KUp1crIl0e; KUt 0 AOYlro'tU'tlcrlloe;, OV61P6UOll6VU U)l!p0't6pU 06~av, YPUIl)lu'tu Kui 1tOA1'tsullunKUe; e6ropiue;». «/lo~uv». nu 'toue; AoY{OUe;Kupiroe;, UAAa 0Xl 1l0VO Y1a 'tOue; Aoyioue;, it M~a Y1U 't1)v 67toiu yiVS'tUl Myoe; soro slvm it upxaiu 06~u' it 06~a 'trov upxu{rov. I:' uu'to rev EAAaolKo Xropo, 01tOU 'ta upxuiu uvnust«, aAAu E7tll3AllnKu cr't1) OlU'titPllcrit roue, aAAa EIl!PavEcr'tspa, liAAU u!puvEcrn:pa, xivonouv 't1)v 7tpocroxit, 'to 9aullucrll0, 't1)v 7tSP1&PYS1U 'trov xurotxorv, E7tOIlSVO .11'tUVva 1;si it IlVTtllll 'tOU uPxulou xoouou Kui Kun a7to 'tTJ Ilvi]ll11 'tfie; 06~ue; roo. I:e ronto aAArocr'ts, KUt npiv U1tO rov ·'Ayrova, Kai E1tUvro crov 'Ayrovu Kai Ils'tu, crUV'tSAOt>crUV Kui of ~&V01, 1tOU·'ta~106uav Y1U VU OOUV Kat VU 1l6AS'titcrouv OAa UU'tU 'ta uPxuia, uyopu1;ov'tae; cruxva 1l1KPOUV'tlKetIl6VU, E~acr!puAi1;ov'tue; aUo'ts IlE 1t01KiAOUe;'tp07tOUe; 't1)v 1tPocrK'tllcrll aAArov. Mu Kai Ull&crroe; 1l6'tU rov ' Ayrovu, 'to ucr6v'taK'tO UKOllll KpU'tOe; eost~s iOlahsPll cr'topy1) 7tpOe; 'ta uPxaiu IlVll)lsia Kui !ppovncrs yta 'til OlUcrrocrit rooc Kai 't1) cruvuyroyi] 'toue; 07tOU " !pucrll 'trov 7tpaYIlU'trov KUt of OpOl 'tfie; 1;rofie;'to E1tE'tp67tav. llupuAAllAu, 07troe; 6iouIlS U7tO 7tOAA.ee;crUYXPOV6e; 1KUt IlS1 'tuYEV&crn:pse; )lUp'tUpiEe;, it AOY10cruvll EOE1XVEi01U1;ov'tu eau)lacrllO 7tpOe;'tOV uPXaio xoeuo, 7tPOC;'ta upxuia ypu)l)la'tu, 7tP0C; 'tU uPXaiu 7tOAl'tlKU olouYlla'tu, Ile 'tP01tO rocr'tS iJ &A.~11'tOU !plAEAsU96PlcrIlOU va 7tpOcrYPU!p6'tUl Ile cr'ta9spo'tll'tu, uvullscru crE aAAu, cr'tilv U1tEpI3UAAOUcrU UPxuloAa'tp{u. Ol Baucpot, y~!l 7tOtKiAOUe;Myoue;, 9u EV1crXUcrouv au't1) 't1) otugecrll' OiTtAU crE liAA6e; Ka9apa 7tOAl'tlKee; j3A&",Sle; (cr'tucrll U7tEVaV'tl cr'tilv 'EKKAllcriu, uVUOSl~l1 'tfie; UPXUlO~OYlKfie; crllllacriae; 'tOU ronoo) OEVIl7tOPOUcr67tapa VU 1tUl~Sl 1tPro'tsuov'tu POAO cr'titv 1t6pi1t'trocrll aU't1) 6 lOlOe; 6 l3auuptKoe; vEoKAucrlKlcrIlOe;. "E'tcr1 Kai it KpanK1) )ltplJlVa OUVU)lO>crsKUt &OPU UPXalOAoyiuC; crucr'tTt911KE U7tO 'tte; 1tpro't6e; cr'to llUV67tlcr'tTJlllO, KUt UPXUlOAOYUCTJ E'tatpiu {opu911K6, E7ticrlle; U7tO 1tOAU vropie;, 'to 1837. Kui 136J3airoe;6 XapuK'tTJpae; 'tfie; E'tulpiae; eytV6 YPTJYopu KU'tS~OXTJV E1t1cr'tllJlOV1KOe;, AAa oev 1tP&1tE1va 7tUpuI3AE",ouIlS 'to ysyovoC; u O'tl " u7tap~TJ 'tllC; Kpa'toOcr6 KU7troe; cr'tTJV Em!puv61a, 01tffi<; sioUIlS va 01a!puiv6'tat cr'tu Aoyta 'toO 7tpro'tou 1tPOEOPOU'tlle;, 'toO Pi1;ou NSPOUAOU, 'to 1tV6UIlU'tOU /llaq>roncrlloO, Evicrxus 'to ainox90vlKO 1tVSulla crucr7tSlprovOV'tue; 't1)v KatvOUpla llOA1'tela E7tUVrocr'tOV upxuio EAAU01KOxropo Kai O'tl, 'tEAOe;, U7tO'ttA6cr6 'tOV 1tupi]va yupro cr'tOV 61toio cruYK6v'tpro911Kuv oi 1tSPlcrcrO'tSPOl U7tO 'toue; 'tsA6u'taioue; 07tUOOUe;'toO /lla!pro'tlcrllou. na 'ta 1l6'taY6vEcr'tspa Ilvll1l6ia eYKalpa E1ticrlle; !pavspch911K6 it KpU'tlK1) Il&PlIlVU' UAAa Kui 6 xapuK'tllPlcrll0C; 'toue; Kui 'to crKS7tnKO 7tOU 7tpOKaASi 'tit IlEPlllVU aU'tTJ 6ivUl EVOS1K'tlKU: it 1tpOVOla, AOl7tOV, EK'telVS'tUl cr'tU «l3u1;av'tlaKu, J3SV6'tlKUKai 'toupK1Ka» Ilvllllsia, Ylu'ti «UU~uvouv 'ta 1tspispya 'tfic; 7tpro't6UOucrlle;». wOllroe; aAA6e; olucr'tucrsle; exsl it u7t09scrll 'tOU llUVS1tlcr'tllllioU.
To TIav£1t1.CJdUno I 'Qcr'tocro, o'tav crUUUj361 Kavsie; 'to 9&lla cr't1) Y6V1KO'tll'tcl 'tOU, 7tPE7t61 va 'tau'ticr61 't1) AOYlOcruVll IlE 't1)v Ku9s eYooue;
To IIaVcnlai~f-lw aexoul ani(3J..cnc ar'1v evai'Yjia 7:O'i) 'EJ..J..'YjVLaf-lov xal. ar'1v oeyavwa'Yj 7:OV veo» xQa7:0v~ avwpwva f-ls bvnxa nearvna. lleoOeLaflO~ 7:OV avwntrov [beVf-laio~ ~rav i] f-lBT;a}..aflnabcva'Yj iWV ipdriow ano 7:1] Llva'Yj aT'1v 'AvaroJ..t). 1l0P<pcocrll. Elver, ~E~UlU, oi ypu<povn:e;, xo.i £KEi bt': IllMIlE &'VUYKUcrnKa Yla UKUbllllULKa blTCArollUta, UAAa slvci Kui YEVtKa of. IlOP<PCOIlEV01, xui IlUAlcr"tU ol TC"tUX1OUXOl, uu"tOi roi»; 0noioue; OVOIlUSOUIlE crllllEPU «E1ncr"t1l1l0VEe;». AU"to "to venue nuipvst 1') AoY1Ocruvll ibicoe; llE"ta rnv Ibpucrll :ou Fluvemo rnuiou : cruxvl'j slvci 1i uvsiu i.u"tpOOv 11 VOIlLKOOv COc;«Aoyicov», UTCO"tie; l.blO"tll"tEe; "toue; UU"tEe;. "Orcv 0 'AA. LOU"tcroe; SlFEt va XPllcrtlloTCo1Ouvmt of. «AOY1OL» UTCO "ti]v TCOAltElu crt': KpunKt':e; OEcrEle;, £VvOEt, ~E~uicoe;, xni rou; Aoyiolle; crtl] o nueptvn cnunclc "tOu DPOU, UAAa TCUV"tCOe; OEAEl va urrnlvouv cr"tie; bllllOcrtEe; UTCllpsotsc UVOPCOTCOL 1l0P<PCOIlEvOt, crt': nvn?lUcr"tOAl'j Ilt': "toue; u"tEA.OOe;YPulllluncrIlEVOUe;, 11 "toue; OAO"tEAU QYPUllllu"tOue;, ol oxotoi rors uvnTCpocrroTCWuv TCoM IlEYUAO nocrocr"to "tOu TCAllOllcrIlOU. L"tO IlE"tU~U DIlCOe;, ypi]yopu UKollll, usee cr"ti]v DAll TCpOcrTCU!bu YLa "tl'l cuvxpornor] "tfje; TCOAt"tEiue;, EtXE {bpUOEt "to llUVEnt~ti]Il1O. 0a tjOEAE xnvsic vc yvcopiSEt Ilt': uKpi~ElU ,0 TCVEUIlU nou npu,uvwcrE cr,i] crXEnKi] UTCo<pucrll. Tin uvuAoyiEe;, no~ocr,u, cr,a crXEnKa oxsrrttxu, Aoyoe; bEV IlTCOpEi vd vtver (t)cr"tocro, U<pi]vov,ae; KUOE vsvncorrrrc KU,a uspoc, EiIKoAo Ilae; dVQl va uvaxOoullE o r«; ~ucrLKt':e; crKEIjfEle; of. onolEe; npoKuAEcr.QV "tl]v Ibpucrll LOU Ilcvemcrrnulou. Of. YEvLKonl,Ee;, £nElbi] ~Lllacr"tE cr,a XPOVLU "tfje; BuuapOKpU"tiue;, Oa Timv TCproncr,u occ UVQ<PEPOV1Ul cr1i]V utYAll "tOu upxuiou EAATtVLcr~LOU, o-ro KA.ucrtKtcrnKo KpU10e; TCOU OVELPEuov,at of. Buoupoi, IlE 1i]V
'AQyarcea ol CPOLi'Yjd~ ena XQavw 1848, 1859 ea excpgaaovv coi»; noJ..cr:txov~ ngoaavaroJ..Laf-lov~ rove. ' Eruivo»: iO Ilovsau» ar1jf-lw 8nw~ ~wv Y1JeW ara 1865 (' Ae1jva, rcvvabsw~ Bt(3J..we1j,,'Yj) . , AOllvU TCPCO"tEUOUcrU,IlE ,0 nQAUn TOU ~QcrtALa ETCUVCO cr,i]v ,AKponoAll, "ti]v UIlEcrll crucrXEncrll TOU VEOU 'EAA.llvLcrIlOU IlE tOV upxuio, Kui D,n uno. ,To np~"tO, nou _dV~t UVUYKll KuvEie; va set, UVU<pEPE,Ut crnv oPyuvcocrll roo VEOU KpU"tOUe;: XPEtUS0V"tUl unuAAllAol ol OTCOtOL vd £TCuVbprocrouv "tie; bllllocrlEe; unll psot Ee; rrou SnIltOUPYOUV,UL rrbpo XPEtuS0V"tUl VOIlOlluOEte; rtou Oa UcrKi]ooov rn bLKucrnKi] £~oucriQ, oro rtpo ruxo "tOOv bUnKOOv KpU,OOv' XPELUSOV1Ul iurpot, XPSLUSOV"tUL blCiUcrKUAOt, noo xui QU"tOi 8a £vtaXOouv crE EVU YEO, xpuruco TCLU, crXfjllu, XPELUSOVLUl KATtPlKOi 1l0P<PCOIlEVOt, KU,a "ta bunKu, TCUVLO,E, rcporunn. rta va tKUVOnOtllOOuV OAEe; uu,t':e; ol sll,i]crELe;, 0 nAEov opOObO~Oe; rponoc dVUL ~E~Uta va opyuvcoOEi 1') btbucrKUAiu ,OOv UV"ticrTOlXCOV yvrocrEcov IlEcru cr,a nAuicrtu "tfje; llOAtLEiue;' E,crL Oa yivovrut ,a TCPUYIlU"tu xo.i Oa £~ucr<puAiSE"tUL 1') IlOP<Pcocrll «Xovtrov» uno £TCOTC,EiU xpurtxn. BE~uicoe; cr' aU"ta "ta ~UcrtKa crKETCLtKU, yta Dcroue; yvcopiSouv roi»; uvOpronoue; 11 TCAllP0<P0pouV"tUt "tie; Em xpicsu; "tie; onolEe; TCPOKUAEcrE 1') TCpro"tTt crucr"tacrll "tOU Iluvemo-cnutoo, ETCOIlEVOdVUL va TClcr,W"tEl on TCUPUA.AllAicr,TtKuv UnEe; mo TCpocrCOTCtKt':e; Enlbtro~Ele;' una yta "tl'jv &pu KUllta aTCO Lie; llTCoOEcrEte; TCOU IlTCOPOUV va npo~AllOOUV crXEnKu, bE Oa ~LUV £nOtKObollllnKi]. 'OTCCOe;, £TCicrlle;, bt': Oa Ti,uv EnOtKOboIlllHKl'j 1') npocrnuOEtU va £~UKPt~COOEt TCOtO npootono ebcocrE ,i]v, UAllOtVa repco-no, btucr"tucrTt cr"tl'jv DATt btEvEPYEtU yta ,l'jv 'ibpucrTt "tOU Ilcvemo mutou. 463
'EKEiVO 7tOll q>aivE'tal va ~EKa9api~El slvot on it 7tP09EO'll ~E900EUtllKE a7tO 'tOll~ Buuapoix : 6 Mcoopsp, 'to 1835, €K9EtEl 'tnv u"'lll..n O'Ko7t1~6't1l'ta 'tfj<; 01l~lOupyia~ ~lii~ avro'tatll~ O'lol..fj~ €7t1O''tll~&v O'tOV EI..I..a01KO l&pO, it 67toia vc. ~Eta~l~a~El O''tnv 'A va'tol.. tl 'ta q>&ta oO'a 90. 7taipVEl a7to 'tn ,MO'rr €o& (l1taVtii~E Kai tOV «7tPOOPIO'~O» tfj~ 'EI..Moo~, 'toO 67toiou it 7tapoooia O''ttlV El..l..llVIKtl O'uvEiollO'll 9a elvor aOlaK07tll O'E Ql..a 'ta XP6vla 7tOll a7to'tEI..O\)V 'to aV'tlKEi~EVO 'tfj~ ~EI..&'tll~ ~a~ au'tfj~: «rta'ti 7tpOOPtO'~o~ 'tfj~ 'EI..Moo~ elvm va ~E'tal..a~7taO&uO'&l ~ta ~Epa 'to q>&~ 'toO &UpC07taiKOO 7tOl..lnO'~oO O''tnv 'Aoto Kai aKo~a 7tlO 7tEpa, Kai O'E'toO'to 'ttlv ~01l9ii it 7tPOVO~100XO~y&coypaq>lKn 't1l~ 9EO'l1Kai it 7tV&U~a:t'lKtlo~uOEPKE1at&v KatO{KCOV 't1l~. Kui iS7tcoe; ''ta91lK& Ka7to'tE ..; xotrt0 oa 'toli 7tol..t't1O'~oli yta 'tilv EUpc07tll, ..; 67toia 'tfje; av'ta7tooloEt 'twpa au'tn 'tn ~6pq>coO'1l,7tPE7t&lKai sKEiVll- crU~q>cova~E 'tOll~ airov1(~ue; vouoo; 'tfje; av'tal..l..ayfje; - va S7t1O''tPE",ElO''tnv 'Aota, O'ttlv Aiyu7t'to Kal O''ti~ lil..I..Ee;X&pE~ 'tfj~ 'Ava'tol..fje;, SK&ivo 7tOU &I..a~& Kai. au'til a7to SKEivEe;npiv a7to ItI..10:0Ee; IP6vla». vE'tO'1, a7to 'tilv 7tpro'tll apxn, a7to 'til O'ny~n 07tOU 6 7tp&'toc; 7tpu'tavlle; K. A. l:Xtva~ sYKalVla~&l 'to 010aKtnpI0, olaypaq>Etal 'to 7tpoypa~~a auto, ~E ttlv iOla aKpt~&~ dKova : 'a~q>t~ol..ia Ka~la oev ~iie; aq>";vEt. 'IO''tOPIK6~, lie; 7tO\)~&, Ka't&7tayYEI..~a, 6 l:ltviie; £K9EtEt 7tp&ta tnV aouva~la to\) aplaiou tl..l..llVtKOO K60'~ou, 6 67toio~ OEV 7tapouO'fa~& tv6'tllta, XCOptO'~EVO~ Ka90>~ l1'tav O'E 7tOI..I..t~ ~tKPE~ au't6voJ.1&~ 7tOl..t't&iE~· 'to 7tp&tO ~&yal..o EPYO 'to\) VEOU tl..l..llVIO'~OO elvai 7tOU, Yla 7tpro'tll q>opa O''tnv Ioropte, O'uO'taiVE1 ~va EV1aio Kpa'toc;. AEU'tEPO s7tt'tEuy~a slvci to rraVE7tlO'tn~to : «xetusvov ~ta~ll 'tfj~ &O'7tEpia~ Kai. tfj~ Ilc.o,slvci 7tpOc.optO'~EVOV va·l..a~~avlJ aq>' tvoe; ~8pou~ 'ta O'7tEp~ata 'tfje; O'oq>ia~, Kai aq>' o~ 'ta ava7t'tu~lJ €V sau'tq> ioiav rrvu Kai y6vt~ov aVa7t'tu~lv, va ta ~'taololJ ete; tnV y&itova Ilc.o vEapa Kai. Kap7toq>6pa». Kpatii~E 060 EVVOIEe;: 'tnv tv6't1l'ta Kai ,'tOY 7tpooplO'~6, O''ti~ 67toiE~ 9a t7tavEI..90u~E, Yla'ti O'E 01..0 'to olaO''tTwa tfje;. 7tEvllv'ta&'tla~, it 67toia ~ii~ a7taO'xol..Ei so&; slrs 'toViO'OU~E 'tnv SVOoY8V&la tOUe; Eit& 'ti.e;OOli~E ~Ev6q>EptEe;, a7totEl..oliv 060 a7to 'ti~ ~aO'El~ 'tfje; S9VIKfj~ iOEol..oyiae;. Kui Kata 'ta lil..l..a Ola7tlO'trovou~E uovo on 'ta I..6Yla 'ta 67toia ~ava7taipVEl 6l:Xtvii~ a7tO 'to MaotipEp q>aveprovouv Ilva ci7to 'ta 7t10 O'll~avnd KiVlltpa Yla 'tn O'uO''ta0'11'to\) rravE7tlO''tll~iou. rivE'tal &KOllI..0on OEV7tp6KEltal, OEV 7tpOKEttat ~6vo, yta ~la a7tl..i1 Kai. O'tolaO''ttKiI 7tp6~l..e'I'1l. al..M - al..M Kai - Yla ~la ~Eyal..ll, ~aKpo7tp69EO'~1l 7tOI..t't1Kn O'UI..1..11"'11.To rrave7t1O''tn~tO 7tpOOpi~E'tal Yla 'ttlV 7tOI..t'ttO'~lKn ou;iO'OUO'l1O''to X&po 'tfj~ 'A va'tol.. fj~... AC; 0'11~elc.ogei on uO''tEpa a7to tplaVTa £'t&v O'x61..ta Kai 7tEipa 'toli £9VIKOli O'UI..I..0YIKO\) 'roO ~ato~, to 1867, 6 l:. K6~voe; EOEtl;E Kal..a ttl O'XEO'l17tOll u7taPX&t ava~EO'a O''ttl ~&'tal..a~7taO&uO'l1 'tfje; S7t1O''tn~lle; Kai O'tO J3aO'lKo £9VIKO ai'tll~a, 'ttlv tvo'tll'ta : «To rraVE7t10''tn~10V, ~Etaoioov de; tnV 'Ava'tol..nv crU~7taO'av 'ttlV yl..&O'O'av ..;~&v, tae; {oEae; Kai 'toue; 9EO'~OUe;, svO'7tEipEt, roe; E7tOe; Ei7tEtv, 'ttlv 'El..l..aoa El~ 'titv 'Ava'tol..nv» ... «Kai 7tpoE'tOt~a~&t oU'tc.o 'tilv 7tOl..l'tlKtlV IlVc.oO'lV olEO'7taPJ.1Evc.ovEI..&V'tfje; ~Eyal..lle; EI..I..11't&v ~ VIKfj~ OlKoYEvEia~». vIO'c.o~ elval 7tOI..Uq>uO'tK6, ~uI 'tE'tola 7tpoypa~~at1O'~Evll ot7tl..c.o7tta, 7tol..t'ttKiI ~a~i. KUi. £7t1O''tll~lOVtKn ~I..E"'l1, va ~tlv liq>l1O'Eva ava7t'tuxgei sl..eUgepa 6 Il'tepo~ a7to 'tOll~ ~aO'lKoll~ O'K07tOU~' al..l..a 7tav'tc.o~, a~tO'c.o~ O''ttl O'UvEX&la'tfje; 'IO''topia~, J3I..E7tOU~E aOlaK07ta 'titv 7tapouO'ia 'toli ~eyal..ou S9VIKOO9E~a'to~ Kai 1toM ai0'91l'ta 'ta a1to'tEI..&O'~a'ta 'tfje; 1tpoO'1ta9Elae;. rrapal..1..111..11 O'uVE7tEla 9a elval Kai. SK&lVll a7to 'ttlV apln, al1EO'c.oc;,.; . 7tOI..t't1Kit a7taO'xol..llO'l1 'toO q>Ot'tll't1KOOK60'~ou. Ta ouo aO'ta O'l1~&ia, 'ta 67tota oUO'laO''t1Ka 'tau'ti~ov'tal, ..; avayc.oyn 'toO rraV&7tlO''tll~iou O'E a7toO''tol..tl 7tpiO'~a'to~ 7tpOOPIO'~EVOU va O'UYKEVtproVEl'ta q>&'ta a7to 1;tl AUO'll Kai va ta O'Kop1tI~El O''ttlV 'Ava'tol..tl Kal it 'tp07ttl 'tfje; 7tveUl1anKfje; ~c.ofje;'t&V q>01'tll't&v 7tpOe; 'ta 7tOI..t't1Ka, elvat £KEiva 1tOll EXOUV'tropa va S~E'taO''toOv so&. ·O'tav, 7tOl..ll vc.opic;, q>Epe'tal va I..Eel 6 KOI..OKO464
'tproV'le;, oeixvov'tae; 'to 7tal..a't1 Kai 'to 7taVE7t10''tll~10, 0't1 «au'to 9a q>aEt SKEivo», ii au'tOc; SVVOOOOEii SKEivOl 1t0~ to\) 1tPOO'Eypa",av 'to l..6yo svvoouO'av on I1EO'a a7tO 'to avro'ta'to 010aK'tnplO 9a E~yalvav of ouva~l~ 7tOll 9a aVE'tpE7taV 'to 7tOI..\t1KO Ka't&O'tll~Evo' liv xptvooue o~c.o~ a7to 'tit oUO'7t1O''tia 7tOD rev m:pIE~aI..E O'tit O'XEO'l1rou ~E to O'7tOUoaO't1KO K60'~0, OEV U1tapXEI l..6yo~ va l1itv 7t1O''t&",OUI1Et1 ~&O'a O'tit q>paO'l1 VOEtO 'tal Kai 6 7tOI..1't1KO~ va~paO'~o~ 7tOUyivE'tal, s7tiO'll~ ypnyopa, a al0'911't0~ 0''t0 Ilcvemernuro. l:'to ~E'ta~u ~iie; svolaq>Epel 7tprot1O''ta t'I 011I..c.o~f;Vll 9&1..110'11, ft 1tPtO'l1a'ttKn, ft 1tpoypal1~anO'~&vll ~E:tal..a~7taOEuO'l1 't&v q>rorrov ~&O'a a7tO 'to Sl..l..llVtKOrraVE7t10''tn~10. Ton 1842, elvat ft slxovc 'ttlV 67toia OiVEl 6 rEropylO~ rrev'taoll~ AapJ3apll~, 7tpOolaypaq>ov'tae; 'ta I..6Yla 'ta 67toia 9a 7tEt 6 Kc.ol..&'t'tllC; O'tilv apXtl 'to\) 1844. '0 Aap~aplle;,~ava7taipvov'tae; 'ttlV 7tapaO'taO'l1 toO l:X\V~ Kal olvovtac; 't1le; Ilvav lil..l..o, 0Xt liO'XE'tO, xapaKtnpa, 7tapa~al..l..&l 'titv 'EI..Moa ~E I!v.av rrpO~119&a, 7tOU OE~EVOe;, «'titv ~EV xeipa SK'tEivc.ov 7tpO~ 'tilv 'Aetuv 'ttlv 'El..aO'O'ova, 'ttlV E'tspav 7tPO~ 0paKllv Kai Mcxedovtev», 7tEP1~SVEl 'tilv lbpa roo. '0 Kc.ol..&'ttlle;,avaq>optKa ~E to 9E~a 'tolito, ~ava7taipVEl Kai au'toe; 7toM xapaK'tllPlO''ttKa 'ta I..6Yla 'toO l:XlVa. yta 'tit ~Etal..a~7taOEuO'l1 : ..; 'EI..Moa «7tporopIO''tat va q>c.o'tiO'lJ 1a 'tfj~ 0 avaYEVVnO'Ec.oe; au'tfj~ ttlv'Ava'tol..nv». 'H O'uvExela ~ii~ sv'tU7tc.oO'la~El Yla 'ttlV opyavIKll 'tll~ Ev6'tll'tQ. wExouv 7tepaO'El ~6I..te; OK'tO>XP6vta a1to ttlv iopuO'll 'toO rravE7t1O'tll~io\) o'tav, 'to 1845, 6 0. Muvoeonc, Ilva~ a7to 'toue; 7tl0 YEvvaioue; q>OPEt~'toO Alaq>c.ottO'~oO ~O'a O''to tl..I..llVlKO Kparoc, Ka911'Yl1'tite;6 iOto~ 'toO Ilovemomutoo O''titv 7tProtll 6~aoa 't&V 01OPIO'~Vc.oV 'to 1837, 7tapa'tTJpEi O'Eq>UI..I..O:OI0 7tOUt~EOc.oO'E avrovu~a: «O'll~poV t'I 'EI..I..~ OXt uovov Eu~OtPEt V&c.ov a~ic.ov 1tpOe; 1tiiv 'tfje; 011~0otoo u7tllpeO'iae; dooe;, al..M to osvopov tfje; El..l..llVlKfj~7taloEia~ SK7t&~7tElKai ~aK:pav d~ 'ttlv al..l..ooa7titv 'tou~ eU9aI..Eie; au'toiJ Kl..aOOU~».l:'tat1O't1KE~ ii ~ap'tupiEe; Yla sKEiva 'ta xp6vla OEV EXOU~' to a1tOttI..EO'~a - Kai 'toOtO slvm 1tOU ioic.oe; ~iie; svolaq>&pEl - oEv 01l1..IDVE'tala7to Ilvav rpiro, al..l..a a7to Ka7tOl0V 7tOU J3piO'KE'tat 1toM xovrd O''ttlv 7tOl..l'ttKtl O'KE"'l1 ..; 67toia S~7tVEUO''tllKE'to O'xs~ho. Tov E7t6J.1EVO xpovo, 1846, 6 IlaveYlro'tlle; l:0\)'t0'0~ 01av9i~El, Kai 7tapaq>pa~el, 'ta l..6yta 'tou Kc.ol..&t'tll : «'H 'EI..I..&.e;U7tfjP~E Kal..l..il..uxvoe; q>avoe; KEiI1EVOe; J.1e'ta~u 'A va'tol..fj~ Kai AUO'Ec.oc;, rov 67toiov 6 geoe; aVa7t'tEt Kai li1..1..0'tE~EV 7tpOe;q>c.ot10'J.10V EUpc07tlle;, lil..l..on: OE 7tPO~ q>c.o'tfj~ nO'~ov 'tfje; 'Acria~». l:XOl..la~ov'tae; ~ El..l..llVld O''t01XEta, o(1a Ota9&'tEl, Ilvae; ~&VOe;,6 ral..l..oe; Ch. Leveque, ~1..0e; 'tfje; t6'tE ap'tlO'uO''ta'tlle; yal..l..tKfje; apxalOl..0YIKfje; O'XOl..fje;,ypaq>Et O''ta tEl..ll 'toO 1847 O''ttlV 'E7t1geroPllO'l1 't&v Auo K60'J.1c.ov Yla 'tov 0t7t1..0 0''t6xo O''tov 67toto O'K07tEUel 'to rraVE7t1O''tn~lO, «'tn ~6pq>(OO'l1Kai 'ttlV IlVc.oO'l1 'tfj~ 'El..l..O:ooe;»·I..iyo 7tpiv, O''to iOl0 KEi~&vo, &tXEtOViO'Et'ttlV s7ttopaO'l1 ~t tnv 61toia 'to iopu~a 'toO'to 9a O'q>payiO'El «'tov iOl0 'tov 't67to Kai 'toue; o~opoue; 't67tou~». ·O~c.o~ 6 El..erxOe; au'to~, 7tOUO'Uvexi~E'tal OEKa xp6vla ~E'ta tit O'uO''taO'l1'toO rraVE7tlO''tll~iou, oeixvEl, xc.opi~ va ~EV&lYla 'toO'tO a~q>tJ3ol..ia, iSn ft 7tOI..t't1O'~tKtl aKt1VoJ3ol..ia tOU elva~ ~a't1 7tOUa7taPlfje; elxg 7tpoypa~~a'ttcr9Et Kal 7toil elxg yiVEt a~O'o>~ ai0'911't6' au'toe; elval I!va~ l..6yoe; 7tOU 9a ~ii~ S7tE'tP&7t& 'tOY va O''ta~a'tnO'ouJ.1e 0" alna 'ta XPovla. 'Al..l..a U7tapX&l Kai fvae; lil..1..0~ : I..iyou~ ~fjve~ apy6't&pa, 'tov'Iavouaplo 'toO 1848, of Xpovoypaq>ot tfje; S1tOxfje;&PXOVtat va OtayvIDO'ouy &v'tOVllttl O''tpoq>n'tfj~ q>01 'tllt1Kfj~ vEol..aiae; 7tpO~'titv £O'c.o't&PIKit tOl..l'tlKtl7tpa7 ~11, SKEiVll 7tOU6011y&t O''ttlv tV&pyo O'U~~&'tOXtl't&v q>Ol'tll't&V, o'tav s7ttpX&'tal ..; 7t'tIDO'l1'tfj~ 09c.oVIKfj~ ouvam&iae;' O'UV&7t&~ q>aivEtal Kal..O va KI..&IO'oU~E Ka7tOU so& 'ttl oU;PEuvllO'1l tfje; 7tpID'tlle; oEKa&'tiae; toO rravEmO''tll~tou, aq>i!vovtae; ttl O'UV8X&la Yla 'ta mo xapaKtllPlO't1d XPovla, Kai ~E OO'E~£7tlq>Ul..a~El~ Kai liv ~7tOpet Kaveic; va &X&l Yla 'tit O'l1~acria 'tfj~ tO~i'ie; au'tfje; : O'Uxva t'I ~yal..ll 7tp00'8YYIO'1lO'ta q>alv6~Eva €~7tOOI~&l to 9Eati! tOUe; va 0'U1..MJ3E1~t aKp{~E1a 'tie; 01aO'taO'E1e; 'tou<; Kai ttl O'XEO'lltOUe; IlE ta 7tal..alo'tEpa. '00''t60'0, 7tpiv KI..e{O'OU~E,i~ &tva1 Kal 7tpoO'c.optVa, to 9E~a l 'toiJtO, tn IlEtal..a~1taOEuO'l1, aq>oO 01a7tlO'tIDO'a~E ott ft 7tPoro-
S~Oll twv YVWOEroV- xo.i tWV iDEWV - uno tl'Jv 'EUaDa npoe; ~llv 'AvatoA.l'J ytvornv JlE noxvornro xui UnOtcA.EOJlattKa, E~OUJlE va nOUJlE 800 AOYla roe; npoe; tl'Jv uvtiSEtll EvtpYEla: TOv nA.OunOJlo tfie; EUllvlKfie; nVCUJlatlKfje; L;rofie;uno tl'J L\uoll. ~ai nUA.l EDW DEV slvrn to rl EytVE nou Jlae; EVDta<ptpEt, 000 to t~ vouio rrpcs on EY1VE.YEYlVE : T) yaUlKl'J yA.roooa, T) yaU1Kl'J EUaloSlloia nA.llJlJlUploav tl'JV EA.A.llVlKl'J uyopu' JlEta<ppUcrEle;, napa<ppaOEle;, JllJlTjOEle;, ~EKl VOUV Kata xnvovn uno ta yaAA.lKa. Oi JlEyaA.ot UVDpEe; tOU vsoo 'EA.A.llVlOJlOU slvm, Is~ap~lKa : Beranger, Lamartine, Hugo (aUta Yla tl'Jv E1WXl'J tl'Jv O~ola JlEA.EtaJlE). L\uo plpAia rtou l'JA.EKtplOav to uvayvroott1(0 KOl VO EXOUV yaAA.tKi] npOEA.cuoll : tOU Mignet 'H raAA.l~i] 'Enavaotaoll, JlEta<ppaoll tOU E. LlJlOU (1847), toO Guizot o Pioe; tou Washington, Otl'J JlEta<ppaoll tOU TI. XaA1KLOnou~ou (1852), xui ta 800 nAOUtl0JlEva JlE 0llJlaVtlKEe; 0llJlElWOEle;. OOOl Dta<provouv, 0001 unoDOKtJluL;ouv tie; uKpOtlltEe;, 6001 PAEnouv roue Kl v80voue; tOU UKpatOU <plA.EAEUSEPlOJlOU ta. ;oviL;ouv aUta xai ta EmKpi vouv. :Euv unavtlloll OE JlUI rsroic aKaSoplOtll Ducr<popia, DtapaL;ouJlE nOAU upyOtEpa Jllo. Kpioll t~u o. 'IaAEJlou, ntpa YlU ntpa unqlvlKtlKTj ~ DEV uva<ptpEtal OE Kan OUYKEKPlJltvO, UAAU EJlEie; ~EpOUJlE on OAa to. tEUXll Kat OAOl ol rouoi tfie; 'Icroptcc toU 'EUllVlKOU "Ellvotx; toO K. Ilcorcppnvonooxoo otoAiL;ovtal JlE Eva napaSEJla tOU Guizot, rpa<pEl, Aomov, 6 'IaAEJloe;, ota 1886, xai napoumaL;El Jli; rsroto rpono ta npaYJlata, COOtE to OUJlnEpaOJla nou pyai VEL ano ta AOyta roo dVUL Ott uno ~EVEe; E7tlDpaOEle; ol JlOVEe; nou ~Ival a1crSlltEe; Oti]v 'EU6:8a elvui toU raUou reOA.lttKOU Kat lcrtOptOypa<pou xnl, <pUOlKU, crE OOoue; ureEpacmiL;ovtUl ti]v KatccrtlWtv1l iDwAoyia. Flsvuvrcprj; iltav rots 6 'IaA.EJloe;.
D ..O)(fGo,u19na
"000 Ylo. ta uUa, EXOUJlE, ptpala, Jlla pnropucn DlapEPairooll (1864), on T) «yA.rooOOJlUSEta» slvnt «KauXllJla tOU nn~OVtOe; ULWVOe;», UAA.a JlEta<ppaoEle; KaJlroJltvEe; uno YAwcroEe; aAA.Ee; napa ta yaAA1Ka (11 ta haAlKa, npO;CElJlEVOU Yla usrc<ppacrtEe; uno 6PlOJltvEe; nEpLOXEe;) dVUL onavlEe;. "Evor; ~EVOe; ~POODtOpiL;El Yla to 1834, yta ti]v a<PEtllPia DllAaDi] tfie; Enoxfie; tllV onoln JlcA.EtaJlE, ta ouornruc« tfie; EAAllVlKfie; YArooOOJlaSElae; : «"OOOt unopAtrrouv Oti]v KaSroonpEnEta, ypu<POUV yaA.AtKa· ta haAlKa slvm mo DtaDEDOJlEVa, aA.M. EXOUV us] VEL yta tie; JlEOaIEe; ta~Ele;' ta ayyA.tKa Kat to. vspunVlKa KaUlEpyoUVtal AlyOtEPO, UA.Aa f] tEA.wraia auti] YAWOon KEpDiL;El KaSllJlEplVWe; EDa<pOe;, doayOJlEvll ureo roix; Bcocpoue; xui tte; reuKVEe; ouvaUaYEe; JlE ti]v Tepvscm. YAA.A.rootE unuPXEl JlEta~U 'EUTjvrov Kai rEpJlavwv T) iDla uouJl<provia XapaKtTjprov nou ureapXEl JlEta~U rEpJlaVWv xui 'l"caA.wv· it Ihayroyi] tWV Bnunpdiv DEV OUVtEAEOE Oti]v uJlPA.UVOll autfie; tfie; aVttreaSElae;». Knnom DtEiODuoll, au~ouoa 11 aU~lWEvll, n?tnEt navtroe; va DtaretcrtrooOUJlE, uUa oXl YEVtKTj, oxt arro rnv ureOljfll Ott Sa dxaJlE vc KaVOUJlE JlE Jlta «yA.WOoa nutOEiae;»: l(areOLOt KAaDOt EmOtllJlOVtKOi, VOJltKi] Kat reatDayroytlCi] iDiroe;, Laroe; relvouv va nspucoov areo tl'J o<paipa tfje; yaA.~l1Cfie; D1DaoKaAiae; Otl'J o<paipa tfie; YEPllavtKfie;· To 1864, ? PEVUV, 6 orrotoc npooreaSEI va yvroptotEL KaA.UtEpa JlE tOV EAAllV10JlO, PpiOKEl u<P0PJli] va ypaljfEl, JlE KureOla Duo<popia Y~U -;i]v aVEreUPKEla tfje; yaUtKfie; ErelOtllJlOV1Kfie; repopoA.fie; : «H !taAia, T) 'EAAuDa, reou ~urevouv, DEV o-rpsrpovtm rrpoe; ti]v faAAia, yta vc DtDaxtoOv' rellyaivouv repoe; tl'J YEPJlaVtKl'J IlL,DacrKaA.la». '0 A. rOUDae; pEpatWVEl to 1876, ott Otl'JV 'EAAa?a «T) YEPJlaV1Ki] dVUL UreOKA.EtOttKi] yA.roooa tWV Aoyirov»' ~to «Mi] XUVEOat» tOU 1882 DtapaL;ouJlE Ott ol reUlDayroyoi Jlae; Enalpvav ti] cotpln rouq «de; ta SUA.aKLa tWV rEpJlaVwv xcSllYlltwv rcov». ,:E' aUtEe; tie; unpruptec, orroo OJlroe; f] EK<ppaoll «AOYLOe;» npEnEl va.reupEl oa<pwe; ErelOtllJlOVlKO, Kat oxt AOYOtEXVtKO, Xpro~atlOJlO, eXEl KaVEie; va. aVttrrapaStOEl JlaptUptEe; Kat tEKJlijpta aVa<pEpOJlEva Oti] AEYOJlEVll revEUJlattKi] L;roij, Kat mo YEvlKa
Oti] yA.wooa t~e; rea~DEi?-e; : ~reo to 1846, 6reOtE PpiOKOUJlE ti]v ~P~tll OXEt;Kll Il~Eta, roe; to 1888 KUlCAo<p0Plloav OXt AtYOtEPOt areo DWKOOlOUe; rouotx JlUStotOPllJlatrov tOU 'AAE~avDpou Dum,as, ~,Eta<ppaOJltvo~ Ota EAAllvtKa' JlE tOV ao<paAWe; UreOtOvtKO 1l~00 ~p~ reEVt~KOOl~V tpaPllYJl(ltrov yta KaSE EKDOOll, EXOUJlE reavro ~re~ EKat~ XtAt~DE,e; to,JlOUe; OE KaJlla oupuvrupid Xpoviu, AutO uerpust Kat to pAEreouv OOOt reapaKOAOUSOUV ta StJl~ta aUt~, ~pt:tl(?i, ~OY~ttxVEe;, TjSOAOYOt : EretOllJlaivEtat 6 K1VDU~0e; are~ tryv aSpo~ Eloayroyi] toU yaAAtKOU Jlu8totopijJlatO~ usee Ot?V E~AllVtKO nvsouuruco Xwpo' 6 L\. BEpvapMKlle;, UV~JlE,Oa ot,a}povta 1~60 Kat 1875, ErravtpXEtat reoAAEe; eo pEe; . oW,SElla, JlE ,EVtOvll nuvrors ureoDOKtJlaoia yta to ~tvo, to yaA.A.tKO JlUStOtOPllJla. Tc KaAa reEpLODtl(a tfje; Ereoxfie; «l1avDwpa» «Ilupflsvrhv», 11 Kat «'E<pllJlEpte; twv <1>tAOJlaSwv», repooreaSou~ va OUYKEPUOOUV tie; areattTjoEle; tOU avaYVroOttKOU KOtVOU JlE tie; EUSUVEe; roue roe; repoe; ti]v £A.A.llVlKi] reatDEia' auta OAa, OUL;lltijOEte;, €retKpioEle;, slvm iDiroe; aioSllta OE Jlta. eixoouertc rtou ~EKtVUEt yupro OtO 1855. ' 'EDW,OJlroe;, reapOUOtaL;Etat Kai reUAt Jlta aJl<ptOStvEta, it 6reoia reptreEt va E~EtaOtEt repOOEKttKU : f] pauapOKpatta, T) a'ioSlloll, OtO DtaOtllJla tlle; xui JlEtU, on ol DUttKEC; DUVUJlEte; DEVEpA.EnaV JlE ti]v E<pEti] OtOpyi] ta EAAllVttea. DiKULa arrOtEA.OUV 800 xui465
tr so
pl~ alTi£~ 1tOU1tpOKUA.£O'aV 't j.lt:yUA11~£pi5a 'toij 'EAA11vlO'~Oij, O Aoyia fI Kai ~t £p£tO'~a t'i~£O'a AaiKo, 1totKiA£~ ~opcpt~ ~£v11Aaai~, it 61toia. 1tUAt,u1t09uA1t£t 5£\)'t£poy£v~ evav 'tpau~anO'J,1SVOai, O't>v£1t~, i5tai't£pa £baiaS11'to tAA11vOK£v'tPtO'~o.I:£tK pa a1to Muv11Pt~ t~1t£tpi£~, avu~£O'a t5i~ O''ta XPovla 1840 Kai 1860, aAAa Kai j.lt:'tu, £'t£tV£ va a1to~£vwO'£t O'11~avnKa O''tpw~a'ta 'EU";vcov, a1to 'to 5unKo KOO'~O.'H 1taAala AOt1tOVU1t£POXtKTJ 8tu9£0'1l 'toij tAA11vlO'~Oij,yta 'tTJV61toia 9a £XOU~& apyo't£pa va ~tA";O'OUj.lt:,5'tav 9a CP'tuO'ou~£ O''tTJv£vvola 'toij «1t£ptouO'tou Aaoij», 1tpoaSt't£t 'to J3upo~ 't11~1tpO~'tTJvi51a Ka't£u9uvO'11. I:' auta 'ta a6vOAa 1tpt1t£t va yivouv KU1tOl£~xpovoAoyuct~ Kai £i50AoytKt~ 'to~~ : ~tO'a O''tov £bpOO1taiKO6pi~ov't« av£J3aiv£t it nproO'O'ia, ~ 5uo, 1tuv't~, xapaK't11PtO"ttKU, a1to 'ta 61toia 'to eva dvat 5n 5tv 'tfj~ 56911K£acpop~TJ va a1toyo11't£uO'£t 'tTJV'EAAUoo, Kai. 'to t'iUo dvat 5n, ~ 'tTJvtvoonK"; 't11~9tA110'11·Kai.'tTJV 1tOA.£~tK";t11~1tp01tapaO'K£u,,;, O't>~J3oAi~£t aACt'toil<;tU11VtKOU~ ' K 1t690~. "Etm, tvib O''to yaAAoy£p~vtKO 1tOA.£~O 'toij 1870 tK511Ml>eTJKav9£p~a yaAMcptAa O't>vataS";~a'ta J,1SO'aO''tTJvtAA11vtKTJ KotVoovia, ~uUou it iina 'tfj~ raAAi~ £ytv£ acpop~TJ va . rovieeobv £i't£ ol Q.5uva~i£~ 'tfj~ raAAia~ £h£ 'tfj~ r£PJ1avia~ it 1tPOK01t";. B£J3aioo<;,U1tUPXOUV tK£ivot 1toil ~tvouv moroi Kai O"ta O't>valae..;~a'ta 1tOUtK1tOP£U't11Kava1to 'tTJraAAtKTJ 'E1tavuO''taO'1l·1CtO~ 'tOYAlSyouO''to 'toij 1870,6 A. P11y01tOUAO~ 5ta1ttO"tWV£t 5'tt «1t't0119tv-r£~ nv~, oinv£~ £1tt1toAa{~ t~£'tU~OUO'l 'ta 'toij KOO'~OU,tvo~tO'av 5n 6 yaAAtK~ Aao~ slvm &i~ 1tA";P11 'l't9tKTJVKai uAtKTJvKa'tU1t'tOOO'tv, nv£~ ~uAtO''ta 1tpotJ311O'av Kai &i~'to va 9£oop";0'00O't'tOY1tpooO'O'tKOV£0'1tonO'~ov, O'OO'tfjpa'tibv 5 t9vibv»· aAM, 1tapa't11p£i, «'tTJv itJ,1Spav Ka9' TtVii9£A£v a1toA.£aSfj 'i\9tK~ Kai 6AtK~ 6 yaAAtKo~ AaO~, it av9poo1to't11~ £1tP£1t£ va 1t£v911 cpoP";0'lJ , 5ton ii9£A£v o1ttaS05po~";0'£t £i~ aU'ta 'toij M£O'aioovo~ 'ta O'KOt£tVa J3u(11»... A'Y'Yl~£'to't£ 6'P11y01tOUAO~ 'ta 7t£v";v-ra roo xpovta. '0 Tu1to~, 'ta 1t£pl05tKU, t~aipouv 'tTJ viK11Kai avaAUouv ~ 'tOY 'tP01tO 'tO~ 'ti~ ai'ti£~ 't11~. M£'tacppu~ov'tat £K9tO'£t~, U1tO~v";~a'ta, t~£'tu~ov-rat 'ta 1tpO>O'O'tKa 't>O''t'';~a'ta. npay~anKu, O 'ta O'X£nKa ~ 'tTJvaYID'YTJ £ixvouv O'acptO''t£P111TJP01tTJ au't";· 5 6 1:1. MaupoKopaci't~, 6 61toi~ 9a yiv£t 61toupyo~ 'tfj~ nat5£1a~ Aiyou~ ~fjv£~ j.lt:'tu, t1ttO"ttAA£t a1to 'tTJ Tspucvtc, 'to 1871, eva K£1j.lt:VO 'tOU, 51tou O'XoAt~£'tat «it 1tav-raxoij Ka'ta KPU'tO~ fjna 'tfj~ raAAia~ tK£1V11~».Kni 'to 1tv£u~a ab'to 1tapouO't~e'tat aiaS11'to O't £iO'1lyf)O'£t~51tou 6 Myo~ dvat Yla 'tTJVciVUYK11 yiva v£'tat O"tpanOO'ttKTJ~UO'1C11O'11 O'xoA.£ia Kal O''toil~ O't>AMyo~· t O''ta aVaAoy£~ tvtpnt~ J3At1touj.lt:O''tTJvnOAt't£ia, it 61toia 9£0'~09£'td, 'to fI)£J3poUUptO 'toij 1871, 'ti.~ O"tpanoonKt~ aO'K";O'£t~yta 'ta O'XoA.£ia.'H ypa~~TJ xapu~£'tat J3a9ta Kal Ka9apu, 1tapUAA11Aa ~ 61tOt£0'5";1to't£ t'iAA.£~·to 1879 6 N. K~U~11~, civacp£po~£vo~ ' Kai au't~ O''ta O'XoAtKa 1tpuy~a'ta, u1toypa~~i~£t «'to 5v£t50~ 'toij I:£aciv». 'OK'tWJ3PtO 'toij 1881, ~tO'a O"tov tv90uO'taO'~0 'tOY 61toio 1tpoKaAoijO'£ it 1tpow9110'11'tibv tAA11vtKibv ~ovu500v 1tPO~ 'tTJ 0£0'0'aAia Kai.'tTJv "H1t£tpo, 6 K. na1tappTt'Yo1tOUAO~ ypuCP£t,U1tatVtKnKu, 51t00~aya1toijO'£ KU1tO't£va KUV£t : «'H UAtKTJ ~u11j.lt:pia £i~ avu1t'tul;tV 'tfj~ 61toia~ 'to £9vo~ tpyu~£'tat j.lt:'ta ~..;AOUt;atpt'tou, dvat J3£J3ai~ 1tapuyoov a1tapal't11'to~ 1tOAmKoij J1&yaA£iou. 'AAACt li~ ~TJ A11O'~OV";O'11n 5ta 'toij ytyav'tw5 OO~ ayibv~ 5O"tt~ 5t£;";X911 1tPO 5£KQ£'ti~ j.lt:'ta~u 060 tK 'tibv iO'xupo'ttprov Kai 'tibv ~dAAov 1t£1toAtnO'~tvoov 'tfj~ y~ 1tOAt't£tibv, 6 KOO'~O~lAaJ3£ vtav a1to5£t~tV lSn Kal vnv, 51t00~'to 1tuAat, ot 911O'aupoi 'toij KpoiO'ou 5tv apKoijO'tv £i~ O'OO't11piav'tibv t9vlbv». '0 aV'tiAoyo~ dvat 1ttO aiaS11'to~, yta'ti. dvat 1ttO J3a91a xapayJ,1Svo~. 0a 1tUp£t 060 5ta'tU1twO'£1~, ot 61toi£~ obO'taO''ttKa lxouv Ka'tuA11~11 'tOY «1t£ptouO'tO» Aao: it ~ia dvat it U1toO''tpocp'';, Ka90AtKu, a1to 'tTJ l:1uO'11, 1tO 'tTJV «Ebpw1t11»· it a aAA11 dvat it abtUpK£ta 'toij avatoAtKoij KOO'~OU, 'tOY 61toio t8lb tK1tpoO'OO1t£i ·EAA11VlO'~o~.'H a1toO"tpoCPTJa1to 'tTJ l:1uO'11 6 lpX£tat cbpaia va 5tO'£t ~ 'tTJVteVlKTJU1t£P11CPuV£ta, 'tTJ 9tA11~ 0'11va O't>v£XtO''toijvlv50~~ Kal 50Kt~0'J,1SV£~ 1tapaMO'£t~. Mla 1tp05taypacpTJ 'tibv 'tUO'&O>V au'tibv J3piO'KOU~£,O't t1tt'tUX11J,1SV11 Ota'tu1tOOO'1l, it~t£1tiO'11~OK£1~£VO'toij 1837: «'H 'EAA~ 5tv 0''t0 466
fj'to 5uva'tov v' a1taAAax9ij 'tfj~ UAtKi'l~'tupavvia~ 'tfj~ 'Ava'toAfj';, 5ta va U1t01ttO'lJU1tO'tTJv 1tV£U~anKTJv 'tfj~ l:1uO'£~» ... "10'00~otv elvai uovo, 51t~ 9a £A£Y£6 P£Vttp11~ ypucpov'ta~ avwVt>~a Aiya xpovta ~£'tu, 'to 1842, «it a1tO tibv J3u~avnvibv KA11povo~119dO'a Ka'ta 'ti'j~ I:1UO'EOO~ a1toO''tpocp'';»· ~a yta va 1tUPEtuxoO''taO'11 eva'tE'tOtO xmvoupio O'uv911~a, fj'tav XP";O't~o va 1tP011YTJOEi'to oiO'11~OK";puy~a 'tfj~ MEyUA11~'15Ea.; xni va aKoAou9";O'Et it 5tUKptO'11avu~EO'a O''toil<;060 O'K01tOU';,EiO'aYOOYTJ a1to'tTJ l:1uO'TJ, t~aYOOYTJ 1tPO~'tTJv 'Ava'toA";. To 1tp&'to slver 1toil 9a a~cptO'J311'tTJ9Ei yp";yopa : ~ta 9tA11O'TJ U'tupKEta.; 9a apXiO'Et a~EO'OO~ a a v otaYPucpE'tat" 65Tt'Yoi ~a~ 9a slvci 5Xt ol ~tvOt, 9a slvrn ol apxaiot. «·Eoo~ t5ib Kal ~TJ 1tapEKEt 1tAtov 6 a1tEpiO'KE1t'tO~ 1tt9TJKtO'~O~'toij Eupoo1taiO'~ou», YPUCPEt r. I:EPOUtO~ 'to 1844, Ai6 you.; ~i'jVE~ j.lt:'ta 'tTJv ayopEuO'TJ 'toij KooMnTJ.
«Mit Ii£xe~'r£»
'tTJ O'uv£15TJO'TJ tAA11VtKfj.;aU'tUpKEta.;, Kat 'to ~tpouv, Kal 'tfj.; 'to 9tAouv. fl)uO'tKcl,it 'tt'tota P01tTJ9a yiVEt 1tOAU1tt0 iO'xuPTJ ~t 'tOYKpt~aiKo 1tOAE~OKal 'tTJvKa'tox";. Tseoioc 9a slvrn 6 Myo.; 'tou 'Avo pta PTJY01tOUAOU,to 1855, tvav'tiov 'toij «~EVtO'~OU»· ' 'tE'tOtO'; 'tou 'A v'tWVtOUfl)a'tO'Ea, 'to 1856, 5'tav YPUCPEt «~t~OUon ~E9a 'tou~ EUpOO1taiou.;1tt911KtK~»· 'tOU n. XaA1Kt01tOUAOU,'to 1864, o'tav OVO~~Et J3apJ3upou.; 'tou,; 5unKoil.; «itYE~oviO'KO~». rupoo aKptJ3~ 0" au'ta 'ta xpovta £ypa'l'E 6 ZaAoKwO''ta.; 'toil.; '0 ayci>v otv £1tEpuv9TJ, ~TJ 5EX9fj'tE ii9TJ ~tva. To 1877 6 ..A'Y'YEAo,;BMxo.;, ~tAwv't~ yta 'tOY ZaAoKWO''ta, Kauxtt'tat on 5tv aV";KoU~E erov KOO'~O «'tfj.; tK XPTJO'~a'toAoytKtOv ~11't11~U'tOOV cpAEy~atVOuO'11'; YTJpatu.; EuPW1t11';», on otv «Ka't11v't";O'a~Ev roeobrov £K 'toij 1toAtnO'~oij KPOVOA11 POt, (bO''tE va 1tEpttA900~Ev Ei.; 1tapo~uO'~oil.; a1tO~E~oopa~tvoov Kal UO''tEptKcl'; OpE~Et.; 1tapa1tatouO'11'; otavoia.;».'H ypa~~TJ elvai tVtaia, iO'~ ~t ~ta alS~ouO'a tptO'nKornru, noij 6511yoijv oAa ab'tu ; 'AO'cpaA~ O't ~ta 9tATJO'11ab'tapKEia.;. Ta XPovla au'ta ~ta £KcppaO'11dvat O''tTJVaK~"; 't11~· otaJ3u~ouj.lt: : «6 Aao.; ota 'toij Aaoij» (1842), «ol tpyU'tE'; ~ta 'ttOv tpya'ttOv»· it 'haAia OTJAWVEt «fara da se», 9a tVEPY";O'EtKa'ta 'to 1t~ ~1topEi, on ~t 'tl'; otd.; 't11'; Ot>VU~Et.;. :'tTJv 'EAAuoa eva a6v911~a t~a1tAwI vsrm : «'H 'Ava'toATJ ota 'tfj.; 'Ava'toAi'j';». Ilptv aKouO''t11KE 'to K";puy~a 'toij au'tox90V10'~oij: «ot t'iV9poo1tOl ovov 'tou 't01tOU ~ va KUI3EpvibO'ttOY 't01tOV» (1843 Kal uO''tEpa) ii, «~ovov ot t'iv' 9poo1tot toij 't01tOU aV";KEt va KUJ3EPVtOO't 't01tOV» (1845 Kal 'tOY 1tpiv). 'AAACt J,1SO'aa1to 'to iotO 1tVEij~a, O'av t'ipv11O'11O't o,n dxav 6pa~anO''tEi 6 MUOUPEP, 6 K. I:XlVd~, 6 KOOAt't't11';, Ka9ci>.;1tpoJ3aiVEt it Ka't11yopia on £1ttOtWKE'tat(<va Ka'taO''tpacpij 6 't01to,; Ola 'toij 't01tOU» (1852, 1861), a1tav'td~E 1tUKVa'tTJV £KcppaO'TJ:«it 'Ava'toATJ ota 'tfj~ 'Ava'toAfj~», o11AaOTJ 'EAA116 VtO'~~ dvat apKE'ta ouva'to~ ;cal apKE'ta My to.; (b0''t& XOOPl'; 'tTJv 1tpoO'cpopa 'tfj~ I:1UO'E~ va ~1top£i va cpoo'tiO'EttTJV'Ava'to' A";. «TTJv 'Ava'toATJv va 1tpoax9ij ota 'tfj.; 'Ava'toAfj~» (1855). fl)UO'tKU,5pyavo dvat 1tUV'tO'tE'to naVE1ttO''t'';~tO, ~(01tEP, cD<; cpaEtVTJVECPtA11 'toij MooO't~, cpood~El 'tTJv vtav 'tou 'IO'paTJA YEVEUV, t' fj~ it 'Ava'toATJ avaKalvt0'9";O'E'tat» (1857). To 1861 O 'to O'uv911~a dvat 'tl'tA~ I3tJ3Aiou· 'to 1866, 'tl'tAo,; KEcpaAaiou. Ta ovo~a'ta 'ttOv O't>'Y'Ypacptoov tKCPP~OUV Kcln: 'to I3tl3Aio £1vat 'toij 0. 'AcpEv'touATJ, 6 61toio.; ~ aKaoTJ~aiK~ OtaciO'KaA~ £1tat~£ xapaK't11PtO'nKo pol..o O'd.; cpOl't11nKt~ t9VlKt~ t~OP~";O'Et~· 'to 1866, 6 A. rouoa~, a1to 'tl~ 1ttO 'tU1ttKt.; ~opcpt~ 'tOU j.lt:'YaAoi5£anO'~oij, £X&t l;aVa1tUpEt 'to 9t~a a1to 'tOY 'AcpEv'tOUA11,aAACt 'to aKou~E Xoopi~ OtaK01t";: 1871, 1874, 1876. I:'tTJ BouA";, j.lt:'tPTJJ,1SVO~ t'iv9pOO1to~,9a 'to 1tEi 6 'AI... Kou~ouv50upo.; 'to 1880. ·OAa au'tu, 01t~ 1tPOO't0cpuv11Kav O''to Muoup£p, 1toAil O't>xva J3piO'Kov'tat O't>Vt>cpaO'J,1Sva 'tTJO't>~ V£10TJO'11 «1tpOOPtO'~oij», 'tTJV61toia 9a j.lt:A.£'t";O'ouj.lt: 'toij UO''tEpa.
'0 t. Za~1ttAto~ (1852) Kal 6 K. na1tapPTJyo1tOUAo,; (1853) ~t 'tTJv tvoonKTJ 5taXPOVtKa a6v9EO'''; roue tVtO'Xuouv I3tl3ata
'R Mqo;}..1 'Iota l rl0 IlEla~u, la. crUf.l~anKa. Opta, Iltcra ma. onola £mOtWKOuus va. £vla.crcrouIlE 'ta. ouivouevu, f.lfie; <ptpvouv Aiyo mo nicrco : 1843, 1844. 'AAljfhva, il£navacr'tacrlj 'tile; 3lje; rEmEf.l~piou ~tanacrE crf: f.l!a. crnYIlT] onou il OEtvcocrlj 'trov nOAt'ttKrov npaYllarrov, Kat f.laAtcr'ta crov OlKOVOf.ltKO rouse, E1XE nEpttA8Et oro f.li] nEpat1tpco, lOicoe; E~at'tiae; 'tile; a.~ouAiae; li]V orrotu EOEtXVE o Y08cov crf: oAa 'ta. 8tllam, Kat lOtai'tEpa cr' alna. 'Qcr't6cro oi lOtconKf:e; uva<popf:e; 'trov uV8pwncov 'tile; £noxile; slvm xouciAEe;, xui aAAEe;. Aivu Xp6Vta upy61Epa, crljf.lEtWVov'tat Cm6\j1Ete; nOD lEt vouv va. ueuocoov 'tT] crljllacria 'tou Kt VTJ uuroc uno 'tT]v nAEUpa. 'tOu npoypallf.la'twIlOU. To nprolO cruv8l]1.ta, Ka8we; nAljPO<POPEll0 1857 Evae; 'A8llvaI0e; 'to BPE1ClVO nEptljYlj'tT] FouAttAf.lo Senior, il1ClV vn <puyouv oi Bnuapot: 0 rEwpytOe; 'InKco~a'toe;, noM upy6'tEpa, 10 1880, EAEYE Kai aU'toe; nwe; 'to xtvlllla illav «£pyaAElov npoe; unooico~tv 'trov Bauaprov». «.yalEpa», AtEt 6 UVWVUIlOe; 'A8ljvaioe;, «Ilf: IT]V nupuxivncn KanOlCOV Aoyicov f.lae; Kai Ka8ljYljlrov Ilae;», <pw'va~av: «0EAouIlE aUvlaYf.la». Ilnpouoic il'tav Kat it a<PTJncrlj 'tou KaHEpYlj, 0 onoioe; npocr8t't0V1ae; 'tT]V npocrcomKTJ lOU £llnEtpia Ka'tEAljYE : «n6crov £<p8ljva. UYOpaSEt 06~av 6 aV8pconoe; l» ,AvaAOn UIl<pt~OAia we; 1tpOe; 'tT]V EK<ppacrlj «MqaA'T] 'IoEa», il onoiu UKOUcrLlj KE rots, ouvuvrnst 0 Ioroptovpueoc. Tnv IlElaXEtpicrLljKE 0 KCOAE't'tlj<:; IltAWV1ae; crlT]V 'E8vocrUVEAEUcrlj. ~f:V slvci vvoic ro oiSLE li UKpt~roe; elns, oiSLE rt UKpt~roe; f:VvooucrE' UAAa. £oro EXOUIlE tUTCtKT] 1tEpin'tcocrlj lOU rponou Ilf: 10V onoto xutopfldrvouv la. crUAAOytKa. crwllala vc u~tonotouv l1'jV !crWptKTJ UAlj 1tOD rou; napEXE1Clt Kai vn t1'jv 8EWUV crnv unljPEcria trov cruVEtOljcrtaKroV uvaYKrov roue. ~f:V alvei £oro 0 T6noe; yta. vn ypa<pd Tj Icroptu tOU opou aulOu Kat lile; uV'ticrlOtXlje; Evvoiae;' UPKEi uovo va. crljf.lEtco8d on IT]V EK<ppacrlj li]v ~ava~picrKOUf.lE Kai crf: naAat61Epa Xp6vta crla. EAAljVtKa. ypaf.lf.lata, uHa. OXt cr'tT] crljllacria tT]V £8VtKT] l1'jV oxoiu nilPE uno 'to 1844 Kat vcrtEpa. ~Av Of.lCOe;,01tCOe;{;VOEXElat, 0 KCOAEttlle; EhE EVVOoucrE o:nAroe; «U\jIljA1'j YVWlllj», strs £vvooucrE rnv iOEa tile; f.ltfie; IlEyaAlje; 1tatpioae;, it icrxupT] cruvatcr8ljf.lanK1'j <p6pttcrlj ti]v onoia unEKtljcrE Uf.lEcrcoe; O<pEtAEtat OXt crov pij'topa, uAM oro uKpOatij pio tOU, nOD tT]v 1tapEAa~E f.l6Ate; ~KOUcr'tljKf: Kat tilv Ecr'tELAE f.lTJvuf.la, cruv8ljlla, ot: OAlj lilv eK'tacrlj lOU 'EAAljVwllou. '0 KCOAEttlje; dXE Aa~Et to A6yo yui vd unaVtTJcrEt Kat aUl0e; Ilf: til ostpc lOU crtT]V 1tp6tacrlj f.ltfie; ollaoae; 1tAljPE~OUaicov, ol onotoi slj'toucrav va. Katoxupco8Ei cruvlaYllanKa. it <'haKPLcrlj Uvaf.lEcra crt ODe; aut6x80VEe; Kai o-roix; EtEp6x80VEe;, ~le; ~apoe;, ~E~ata, trov 'tEAEUtaicov. 'Ano 'tT] crnYIlT] onou ~KOUcr'tlj KE roe; tie; f.lEpEe; f.lae;, Tj uy6pwcrlj autil 8ECOPTJ8ljKE eva a.no ta. Aaf.l1tp6tEpa xouudrtn tile; VWEAAllVtKile; prrtopaicc. Mf: KUpOe; xui f.lf: 1tEt8w, f.lf: cruyKivljcrlj ocrlj XPEtasEtat YLa. va. ~atacrtEi f.lEta~t~acrtTJ, 0 KCOAEtt'T]e; nupsvstpovruc EV1Qva avaf.lvTJcrEte; ropEe; xpocoutrov uywvcov, o ~tXVEt on Tjuno rtc.., f.lqa.AEe;EytVE unotrovOAOUe; lODe; "EAAljVEe;, ' 'E1tava.crtacrlj J..lE crKono vc Oljf.lwuPyTJcrouv Eva f.lEyaAo Kat Evtalo Kpcroc, K~t On Evae; lElOWe; crKonoe; Of:V unopst va. Enmmx8Ei f.lf: :lj, OtaKptcrlj f.lEta~D auwx86vcov xni E'tEPOX86vcov' Ka8E a~OKAtcrlj uno t1'j ~acrtKil upxi] tile; Ev6tljtae; elver ~EVlj unO "LOVnaAf.lo 0 61toloe; EVEnvwcrE tOV 'Aywva. Mson oro A6yo napf:Jl~aAAoVlat tOEEe; 1tOD EhE rcpiv El'tE f.lEta. unavlOuv f.lf: "L~6no 'tU1ttKO f.lEcra crt1'j crUVEtOljcrlj lOU KatpoU. n pEnEt onrocOljn01E va. uvnuovsoflobv Tj EnEt\jllj £v6lljtae; crov upxalo t~AljVtKO xoouo xui Tj f.lEtaAaf.lnaowcrlj lroV <pWtCOV.Kai lie; O~o "Lie; doaf.lE otOaYf.lEVEe; U1tO 10 LXtVfi, Ema. Xp6Vta nptv tllV EAAEL\jIlj tv6tljlae;, we; aouvaf.lia trov upxaicov 1tOAttEtroV, 8a t1'jv napaAa~Et Uf.lEcrcoe;, OiKdoe; tOU LXtvfi Kai 8auf.lacrtT]e; lOu KCOAE1tlj, 0 K. nanappljy61tOUAOe;. 0a. IT]V KalacrlTJcrEt ~o.crLKO E1ttXEtPljf.la yta. ti]v U1tEpacrmcrlj'"ile; VEW1Eplje; f.lop<Pile; "L?U KpatOue;, ~usavtLvT] aUtOKpatopio., vEa tHljvtKT] f.lovapXta, 8Ef.lEAtwV0V'1ae; ELaL nto crtEPW tT] ~aaLKT] E8vtKT] OtEKOi-
i/-lnvevup'svor; [UTO(!wy(!o.cpor; K. II mla(!(!'YJyonov)or; ee/-leAUV0:7:(1 18~3T~V i(),Vl'X'1 bl~'XM'X'YJ(J'YJYU1,evoT'YJTa TOV U(!Xa{ov, usacuowixo» xcu. veWTe(!OV EAA'YJVl(J'/-lov. Exavo»: 6 K. Ilaxo(!'YJyonovAor; (' A()~va, re1'l'cibew r; BlfJAIO()~X'YJ)' vel
'0
Kllcr'T]"yta. IT]~ ~V6,lljta. '~IlE;aAaf.lnCtOwcrlj dnaf.lE on YPTJy~pa EyLVE KI1;L EKEWlj KO~VOe;101t0e; lile; EAAljVtKile; 10wAoyiae;, us cnucvnxec usruvevso-cspn £TCt1tlwcrEte;. nAan?Ulae; <pEPEtat va. d1tE f.lEla. IT]V uy6pwcrlj lOU KCOAEttll, aUlox80Vtcrti]e; 0 lOWe;: «EWE va. LOV UKOUaf.lEv 0~a1taVl0e; Of.ltAouv'ta, f.lfie; uptcrouv ol pnropsq, OXt ot OtKljyOpOL». '0 Tsplcrttlje;, Aiya xp6vta usrn, 10 1848 8uf.lfilat: «opuun aicr8ljl0 de; roi»; O<p8aAf.lOUe; f.lae; av8tsav la. XEtAlj tOU A.t~Ete; xui tOESe;' Of:VnaipVaf.lEV 'tT]V uvanvoTJv f.lae; Ota. va. rov UKOUCOf.lEV». tVEL TJ MEyaAlj 'ioEa. 'Exsivn iltav npooptcrlltvlj M crf: f.lOVaOtKT] uoipc f.lf:cra crtT] VWSAAllvlK1'j crUVEtOljcrlj. To u~t~atO nspiypallf.la 'tOU opou au'tou crla8ljKE crUVtSAscrtT]e; yta. IT]V ETCtKpatljcrT) 'tOU, ytali EnElpS1tS crov Ka8tvav nOD l1'jV crloxas6lav, va. tOV nAoulisEt Ilf: tmoKsLIlEVtKa. crlotxsia xui f.lf: cruvatcr8ljlla1tKa. crull<PpaS6f.lEva. 'H UKf.lTJ lOU Of:V <pai VStUt va. Kpa'tljcrs 1toM: Kallta. oSKapta. Xp6vta, xp6vta Of.lCOe; 1tOAD crljllaVtLKa, uno<pacrtcrnKa. yta. tT]v 1topEia tou vtou 'EAAljVLcrllou. 'Ana. 1tpt1tSt Kt6Aae; va. AsX8EI on UK61la roe; 'toue; KatpOue; f.lae;, ocro Kai UV Ka8E 16cro tT]V uvuyouv pT)10pEe; 11 l':PWVljlf:e; cr-ra. 1tEpacrf.lEva, £~aKOAou80ucrE Kat va. UKOUE1Clt Ko.i va. OOVEi 10 tA.A.ljVtKO tcrW\jIUXO.
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sie;
467
Ti onuctvsi ; l:ti)v ayopeucrll tOU KcoAettll 1l1t0pOUlle va. ~poulle tpei~ 1l0PCP~ 1tODti)v Ka90pi~ouv : eiVat 6 1to90~ Yla. ti)v 1tpaYllato1toillcrll tOU EVlaiou ti\~ EAAllV1Kii~ q)uAi\~, it icrtopllci) ola1ticrtcocrll tOU EVlaiou autou Kai, teAo~, it ustuAall1taOeucrll. l:llllelrocralle rocrt6cro 1tPi.v Kai. ti)v &VVOla tOU 11:POOPlcrIlOU otv elvci MeyaAll 'Ioea, Iletexel OIlCO~ : (11tO ti) llaY1Kit tll~ Mvallll xui ~e~a16tllta. ' Ano eKei Kai. 1tepa, \J1tapx.ouv a1tOxprocrel~, \J1tapxouv xcrvoopis; i1 1t10 ~eKolllleve~ crllllacrie~. Nn ti.~ a1tap19lltlcrel Kavei~ elvui avttKeillevo uukpu~ Kai aUtoouva!lll~ lleAttll~' avtigeta, llaAlcrta, a1to ti)v ~i01Ki) olepeuVllcrll tii~ MeyaAll~ 'IOta~, 9a. xpelacrtei va. a1toKAeicroulle ouo evvole~ : 'H lletaAall1taOeucrll, 01tCO~ ti)v eioalle Kt6Aa~, 601lytl91lKe cb~ 1tp6ypalllla, cb~ ypalllli) 1topeia~, etal it &VVOlatOU «1tPOOPlcrIlOU»evtacrcretal Kai eKeivll crt 1(att 1t10 yevlK6, crti) 9pllcrKeUtlKi) ollAaoi) t01t0getllcrll tibv Xp6vcov ekeivcov, Kai. cruve1tib~ avtlKel crt XCOPlcrtOKai. eKeivll Xibpo tpeuvibv, tOY 61toio e~eta~Oulle 01tOU cpoUVtrovel, crt ucrtepa xPOVta: ~A~ 1tpocrgecroulle Ott it J.Lt900eucrll Kai. 6 crKo1t6~ Ila~ e1t1- . ,~aAAouv va Ili)v 1tapaKoAou9tlcroulle ta. icrtOP1Ka. ti\~ MeyaAll~ 'IOta~, aAM va apKecrtOUlle crta. cruvelOllcrlaKa. omvopsvc, ta. 61toia e~apttl91lKaV a1to auttlv, crta. Xp6vta ta 61toia lleAetUlle. Kata ta. UAAa, it ~excoplcrti) auti) Ioroptc, Yla ti)v 6noia 1l1AUlle, it e~lcrt6pllcrll tOU tP01tOU, 011 Aaotl , Ilt tOY 61toio it yea EAAllV1Ki)AoytOcrUVll aCPllytl91lKe ta. icrtOplKa ti\~ MeyaAll~ 'Ioe~, yevecrll, e~eAl~l1, a1t6All~1l, 9a. a1toteAoucre ~va a1tO ta. 1tlO evolacpepOVta KecpaAata tii~ Ioroptuc tii~ V&OeAAllV1Ki\~ ioeoAoyia~, aAM 9a. ~e1tepvoucre Kata. 1tOAUta. 1tAaicrla 1l1U~ yeVtKi\~ e9vlKii~ Ioroptnc. To crUv91llla E1t1acre allecrco~. ' AIlCPlcr~llttlcrel~ cpaiVetal va. crllllelro91lKaV 1tOADYPtlyopa cb~ 1tpO~ti)v apX1Ki)' OlatU1tcocrll, aAM xcopi.~ va avacrteiAouv ti)v 1topeia rou J.Ltcracrti)v EAAllVlKi) cruvei0llcrll. l:ti)v apxi) ti\~ {crtopia~ auti\~, euaicr911tOl, 1tavtote, OeKte~ tibv K1VllllatCOV ti\~ EAAllV1Ki\~ ",uxi\~, Bptoxovruv 6 ' AAe~avopo~ l:OUtcro~, 1tOU1l1AeiYla. «ti)v lleyaAllv ioeav tii~ a1teAeugeprocreco~ tou Tevoo;» (1845), Kat 6 aoeAcp6c tOU ITavaY1C;)tn~, 6 61toio~, crt ~va Myo tOU (1846), crteKel J.Lt cr&~acrllo «ell1tpo~ ti\~ J.LtyaAll~ ioea~ ti\~ ava:crtacreco~ tOU TeVOU~»'Kai. crtou~ ouo it avacpopa yivetat ucrxeta a1to tOY KcoUttll. ITapaAAllAa, ~ta. iOla xp6vla, crllllelrovOVtal Kai. o{ 1tpibte~ avttOpacrel~ crtOV opo : to 1845, 1tpOKelllevou Yla 1l1a.a1t0crtOAi) crtO e~COteplKo tOU A. XPllcrtioll, 1tOU1'jtav aAAtl9copo~, ypacpel 1l1a aVt4.1tOAlteu6Ilevll ecpllllepioa Ott elval KataAAllAO~ : «~U1tCOVIlt tOV ~va ocp9aAIlov ti)v 'AvatoA1)v Kat Ilt tOY UAAOVti)v AUcrlV eKcppa~el ti)v J.LtyaAllv iOtav tOU K. KcoAettOU». 'E911l0CPpocruvll, 1tveullattKi) Ka9cocr1tpE1tela, otv \J1tapxel t6te: oAa cru~lltOUVtal, oAa eAEyxoVtal. Aiyo apy6tepa 9a. ooulle crtOV I. <l>lAtllloVava. allcplcr~llteital aKolla Kai to e9vlKO 1teplex6llevo ti\~ MeyaAll~ 'Ioea~: veKpoAoyei tOY KcoUttll to 1847 Kai ypacpel Ott it 1tOAltt'Ki) auttl, Yla. ti)v 61toia cruvepyacrtllKaV 6 KcoUttll~ Ilt tOY ·09cova, a1te~Ae1tecrti)v \J1totayi) tibv 'EAAtlvcov crti)v 1ta1tlKi) 'EKKAllcria' it avtiAll"'ll auttl, uAAcocrte, Ott it lJ1t69tcrll yevviJ91lKe a1to ti)v Ka90A1Ki) 1tpo1tayavoa, E~plcrKe Kai. apy6tepa o1taoou~, 1tapaAAllAa Ilt ti)v 1te1toi9llcrll Otl tocruv91llla to elxe pi~el it AUATt. ~A~ Ili)v ~exvulle, uAAcocrte, ott 1tAllcrl~oulle crti)v eutuXlcrlleVll crttYIli) ti\~ oeCOV1Ki\~ ~acrtAeia~, crti) Aly6XPOVll 01lAaoi) 1tepiooo Kata ti)v 61toia to ~acrtA1Ko ~euyapl a1tTtAaucre ti)v aya1tll Kai. ti) crull1tapacrtacrll tOU Aaou. Meta. ti) lleta1toAiteucrll, Ka1tOla 1ticrtcocrll Xp6vou 0691lKe crtO ~acrtAla, ocro Kai liv avallecra ioico~ crtOD~ veou~ upXl~av va. olalloPCProVOVtal Katacrtacrel~ 6MteAa aAAOtplCOlleve~ a1to ti) ~acrlAeia. '0 ·09rov 1tpocr1tagei va. acrKtlcrel 1l1a.1tOA1t1Ki) crullCProVll Ilt tOU~ e9vlKoU~ 1t69ou~ : crxecrel~ J.Lt ti)v haA1Ki) 1tpocrcpuYla. 1tpibta, xelplcrllo~ tibv gellatrov tOU KplllatKOU 1tOUIlOU ucrtepa, 01tOU it e9vlKi) ",uxi) crull1t6vecre tOY aouvato, to 00K1lla~6llevo a1to tOU~ icrxupou~, tOY ·09rova. ~Ollro~ it avtt1toAiteucrll otv ell1tlcrteU&ta1 Kai. 1l1a.crelpa. a1to eKOllArocrel~ avtto9rovlKe~, avacpoplK<l Ilt ti) MeyaAll 'Ioea, 9a. cruvooeucrel ta 468
yeyov6ta ocra Kai 1tPOllytl91lKaV Kai aKoAou91lcrav tOV KP1llaiK01tOA&1l0 Kat tt;v Katoxi) (1853-1857), «.ote 6 ·09rov tO~ -EAAllva~ cpevaKi~rov a1tTtAauev aKatayrovicrtou 01l1l0ttK6tllto~». l:ti)v «'ECPllllepioa tOU Aaou», to 1851, ypacpel 6 K. A6crto~ : Nui, illlacrtav Ka1tOte 01t~ «1tU~ -EAAllv epacrti)~ tOU MsjnAeiou», o1taoot ti\~ MeyaAll~ 'Ioea~' aAM Ilt tt;V troP1Vt; 01aKu~epvllcrll «it MeyaAll 'Ioea KatTtVtllcre 1:11Kpa,1l1KPOtatll, rocrte crTtllepoV ti\~ lleyaAll~ auti\~ iOta~ 1l1KpOtEpa otv U1tapxel ei~ ti)v 'EAMoa». 'Apyorepo. (1876), 6 A. rouoa~, ypacpovta~ Yla. to 1854, Aeel Otl it MeyaAll 'Ioea 1'jtav opyavo crta. xepla tOU ·09rovo~, 1tOUti)v Katecrtllcrev yeAoiav»' Yla. tOV iotO Xp6vo, 1854, Kai yta. tOY ·09rova 1tavtote, Eypacpe to 1862 6 'EncllelVrovoa~ AeAllYlropY1l~ ott it «MeyaAll 'Ioea 1'jtO ei~ Xeipa~ tOU aA1l9i)~ aUti\~ olaKrollroOllcrt~». Kui aK61l1l, e1tavro crta. 1tpaYllata, to 1857, crxoAla~el ~va~ e1tayyeAllatia~ tt;V 1tOAlttKt; tou KroUttll: «cl lleyaAat Kai. YAuKutatat eKeival iOtal 01' roy eKoMKeue tt;V EAAllV1Kt;V cplAaUtiav, 1'jcrav Ka9apa. ayupteia Kai. 1tAavll». rta. to l:1t. BacrlAelaOll, to 1872, «crtluspov it MeyaAll 'IOta Katecrtll crellv6~ tt~ 1tepiyeAco~,1tapgeV1Ki) oe1Aia tOU CPpOVOUVtO~ t010UtOV tt». l:tO Ileta~u, 1tproteiKt; it MeyaAll 'IOta, «to YAuKDovelpov tOU Fpuixob» (1860), ~oucre ti)v eAeugepll ~roTtroo, E~ro a1to tt; AOYtOcrUVll, ai Ilecra crtt;V acracpela tll~, tt;V 1toAucrgevela tll~, K it MeyaAll 'Ioea, e:ve1tvee Katacrtacrel~, Otagecrel~, av9pro1tou~. 'Apyotepa, 1tepa a1to tt;V 1tepiooo tt;V 61toia J.LtAetulle, ouvdYOVtal 1tOAAoi.Op01 1tOUcpaveprovouv Kai. ti) ~roVtaVla Kai ti)v cbPlll6tllta ti\~ MeyaAll~ 'Ioe~ Ilecra crtt;v K01Vi) cruveiollcrll : J.LtyaAotoeatll~ (1886), lleyaAotoeattKo~ (1886), lleyaAototattKm~ (1894), lleyaAOtOeatlcrllo~ (1894), lleyaAotoeitl~ (vococ, 1887). To Ott e1tl~ei Ilt yov11l6tllta ucrtepa a1to oAa ta. 1tPO~ATtIlata crta. 61toia ~pe91lKe aVtllletro1tll Kai. crt oAe~ tt~ e1t1gecrel~ ti.~ 61toie~ oeXtllKe e~olKeirov, oeixvel ott avta1toKptv6tav crt 1l1a. i1 Kai crt 1tOAAE~ avaYKe~ tOU cruAAOY1KOU crrollato~' otav Epgel it ropa va. ypacpouv ta. {crtOP1Ka.tibv Xp6vrov !lecra crtou~ 61toiou<; 1tAalcrtrovOVtal ol Ve61tAacrtOl autoi. OpOl 9a. 1tpe1tel va. e~etacrtouv ol AOrOl 1tOU 1tpOKaA&crav tt; YEvecrtl
roo; rore.
ENOTHTA Kat ta. crXettK<l Ilt ti)v,Ev6tllta EXOUV eoib tt; gecrll tou<;. Elval ~e~ala ~a9utata cruvucpacrlleva J.Lt ti) cruvelOllcrtaKTt ~roi) tOU veOt) 'EAAllVlcrllou, icrro<; it Kate~oxi)v &KcppacrTttOU, Ka9ro<; avta1toKpivetal crt K01VO aitlllla oArov tibv Aaibv e1tt ~vav 6MKAllPo airova, to 190' aAM oi OpOl U1tOtOU<;61toiou<; 1tapoucrla~e~a1 crtt;V EAAllvlKi) cruveiOllcrll EXOUV apKeta. autoouvallll a1t16tllta, wate va. Ilt; xpela~etal it crUYKp1t1Ki) ~ee tacrtl tou<;, 1t.x. Ilt ti)v 'ltaAia iOiro<;,Ilt ti) repllavia, Ilt ti<; crAa~lKt<; e9v6tllte<;, Ilt tt; Poullavia. Be~aico~, crt lleptKa crlllleia, crtpatllY1Ki\<; i1 taKttKi\<;, it crucrXetlcrll e1tl~aAAetal: &1t0llevO 1'jtav, Aaoi Kai. ityete~, va. ~Ae1touv ti yiVetal yupro to~ Kat va. J.Lt900eUOVtal Etcrt KaAutepa ti)v iKaV01toillcrll tibv avaYKibv tOu<;' tOUtO Kate~oxi)v 1tpOKelllevou Yla. Katacrtacrel~ 1tODva. 1tapoucrla~ouv 61l010tllte<; J.Lt ta. 1tpo~aAMlleva Yla.e1tiAucrll1tpO~Atlllata. rta. tOUtO tovicr61lKav eOmiOlaitepa ocra avacpepOVtal crtt;V 'ltaAia : eKf;i otv 1'jtav 1l6vo AeltOUpY1KE~Oll016tllte<; Aaibv, oi 61tOtOl aicr9avoVtal EvcollevOl aAM BEv Katop9rovouv va 1tpaYllat01t01Ttcrouv 1tOAltlKa tt;V ~vrocrTt tOu<;, aAM it aicr91lcrll 1l1U<; v9pro1tlVll<; 1tapoucria<; Ilecra crtOV a i010 1tOAltlcrlllKO Xibpo, J.Lt 1tapOIlOla, SVOO~ll icrtopia Kai. Ilt 1tap01l010 1t690 Yla. a1taAAayi) a1tO ~evo ouvacrtll' ta U1t6AOl1ta ta. SOlVe 'Ii crtevi) yeltviacrllKai. 6 cruvOettKo<; KpiKO<;tibv'E1tta vllcrtibv, 6 61toto<; 01euK6Auve ti.~ Kage eioou<; avtaAAayt<; Kai. 1tpocrlli~el<;' «6 Kocrllo<; ti\<; Mecroyeiou», ypacpel to 1855 6 'Avopea<; Plly61toUAo<;, «6 'EAAllVoitaA1Ko<;». IToAu apy6tepa 9a ypacpel 1tap61l01a 6 'AX. ITapacrxo<; (1878): «ITecplAllllevll aoeAcpt; BEv elv' it 'ItaAia; », 'E1t<ivro, uAAroate, cr' autt; tTiv aicr91lcrll ti\<; cruyyeV&la~,
tnollEVO fj'tuv va tVo<p9uAIltcr90uv KUt liAAE<;nupollOtE<; SYVOtE<;. llpo<; 'tijv 'tEAEU'tUiu xpion 'tii<; 6ecolluvtKii<; ~ucrtAEiu<; 9a ~uvu~pouIlE, tVtcrxullEvll ano nOtKiAou<; opou<;, 'tij crXterll uinTr ana yta 'tijv ropu 'ta tAAllVtKa OEOOIlEVUIla~ apKOUV yta va IlEAE'tTJcrOUIlE'tOY icrxupo n090 npo<; 'tijv tvo'tll'tu, 0 oltoio<; auvEXEt 'tOY 'EAAllVtcrIlO. Xpnoiuonot TJ911KE crE uAAE<; crEAioE<;'tii<; tpyucriu<; uu'tii<; o opo<; OAOIlEAEtU. ' AVTJKEt cr'tijv tnoxij 'tijv onoiu IlEAE'taIlE, npoKEtllEvou mlv'tco<; yta 'tOY KAiipo, ana crE K(1nOtU crnYllij ~nt'tEivE'tat TJXPTJcrll 'tOU' 0 ~n. ZUIl1tEAtO<;9a cruvaWEt 'tOD<;000 oPOU<;,'to 1852, «OAOIlEAEWV Kui tvo'tll'tU»' uAAo'tE SXOUIlE: X~tcr'ttUVU(ij OAOIlEAEtU,t9VtKTJ, tAAllVtKTJ. '0 opo<; oucrwcrnKll xu911KE 1tpo<; oq>EAo<;'tOU uAAou, 0 onoio<; YPTJYopu tmKpu'tEi : () 'EAAllVtcrll0<; ~l1'tEi 'tijv tvo'tll'tU, TJo1toiu q>'taVEt cr'tijv a1tAoua'tEPll 1l0pq>TJ,Evcocrll 11 cuvevocn. . «~Q t9VtKi'j<; tVO'tll'to<; K' tAEu9Epiu<; A.l>pa l» avu<pcovEi, 'to 1836, 0 'AAE~UVOpO<; ~ou'tcro<;. BE~UtU, 1tpEnEt va crll1lEtco9Ei tOoo 1tpcimcr'tu, o'tt 0 opo<; cr' uiJ'tij 'tijv 1tEpin'tcocrll avnotucr'tEAAE'tUt npo<; EVUVuAAo ~upucrTJIlUV'tO opo 'tii<; tnoXii<;, 'tij OtXOV01U' npUYllunKa 'to 9EIlU 'tii<; tAAllvtKii<; OtXovotu<;, 1tUAto'tEpo !CtoAa<; ano 'tijv 'Enuvacr'tucrll, 1tiiPE t1tavco orov 'Ayci>va ~uP~voucru 9Ecrll IlE'ta cr'to tAAllVtKO AE~tMY10: OEV slvm avaYKll v~ 9UIl1190UIlE 'to ~OACOIlO,«,; OtXOV01U KU'tU'tPEXEt 'tijv 'EA~aou, av VtK119Ei>r,yw'tt Ilta oMKAllPllypUIlIlU'tEiu EIXE, rots UAM Kat apyO'tEpa, aVU1t'tux9Ei <1><; po<; 'to ~TJ'tllIlU uu'tO. n ~UVEnOO<; xpoxsmn yta tVO'tll'tU UAAOU'tU1tOU, ,; 01toiu tll1tVEEt a' uU'tij 'tijv 1tEpi1t'tcocrll 'to crnX01tAOKO, OEK'tll Euuicr911't0 'tOOv a~'ttopacrEcov 'tii<; t1tOXt;<;' aAM ,; avn1tupu'tTJPllcrll 1tODll1topEi va yivEt elver Ot't'tTJ : 1tpOO'tu 1tpOO'tu on sxoullE cr'tijv 1tEpi1t'tcoaTj ulnij Ilta 'AE~l1 1tOll EicraYE'tat t1ticrllllU cr'to VEOEAAllV1KO AE~tMylO, Yla va O<1>crEt s'tcrt aKEpulO 'to crllllUcrlOAOytKO 'tll<; n~ou'tO, xui, ucr'tEPU, on a1to 'tij Ilta tvo'tll'tu cr'tijv UAAll 'to nEpucrllu alvei EUKoAo, 01tco<; q>avllKE Aiyu XPOV1U apyo'tEpU IlE 'to ~TJ'tllllu 'tOOv uu'tOX90vcov. '0 «9Eio<; xpooptouoc 'tt;<; nOAt'ttKi'j<; svornrc«;» tK1tAllPci>vE'tUt KU'ta 'tOY I. <l>tATJIlOVU nOD ypaq>El 'to 1834 aqllEpcocrll erov ~09covu' «0 9Eio<; 1tPOOp~allo<; 'tii<; 1toAtnKii<; 'tOOv'EAATJvCOV tV<1>crECO<;», ypaq>El crE 1tUpOllolU EUKatpiu, 'to 1839, 0 <l>PUV't~11<;' toOO ma 'to vOllllU KUt elvUl otvoupo, 1tEPV(1El t1tavco a1to 'ta ouvopc 'tOOv 000 tVVOtOOv. Tpia KPU'tOUIlEVU SXOUIlE: 'tijv tVO'tll'tU, 'tOY 1tPOOP1crIl0 KUt 'tll 9PllcrKEU'ttKij nicr'tll. Td ouo 'tEAEu'tuiu 9a 'ta t~E'tacrouIlE apyo'tEpa. Trope Ila<; tVOWq>EPEl va OOUIlE, oAoEvu uU~l1IlEVll, rnv SKq>pucrll 'tOU 1t090u Yla 'tijv Evcocrll. rvcopi~OUIlE, AOl1tOV, 1tav'tco<;, on ,; 9Ecrll uu'tij ElVUt 1tUA10'tEPll ano 'tijv ~yoPEUcrll 'tOu KcoAE't'tll 'to 1844' OIlCO<;a1to t~Ei KUt 1tEPU yiVE'tat cruv9TjllU t9V1KO KUt 'tijv ~uvu~picrKouIlE a~ Ka9E AOYi'j<; tKOllAci>crEl<;, avallEcru cr'tt<; 01tOiE<; 1tPOEXEt, Ik~alu, ,; crUyypUq>lKij opacrTj 'tOU Kcovcr'tUv'tivou TIU1tUPPllYOn~uAou. Mui KU'tE~OXijV tnlcrllll11 Ku9tEpcocrll ~picrKoullE cr'tov T?J.lo 'tOU OiKOUIlEVtKOU TIU'tP1UpXE{OU, o. o1toio<; 1tUpuxcopEi 'tTj ?lOlKll'ttKij aVE~up'tllcriu cr'tijv 'EKKAllcriu 'tOU BucrtAEiou (29 ,Iouviou 1850, 1t.';.)' EKEi yiVE'tUl t1tUVE1AllIlIlEVUMyo<; Yla «t,vO'tll'tu» Kui IlE 'tE't010 1tVEUIlUtPllllvEu'tllKE a1to 'tOY a911vUtKO T~no, <1><; cr't01XEio 1tOD9a a1to'tEAEcrEt 'tij ~acrTJ 'ti'j<; 9pllcrKEun~Tj<;Kat 'tii<; 1tOAtnKii<; tVO'tll'tu<; 'tOU 'EAAllVtcrIlOU. <l>ucrtKU,cr'tij ~KUE'tia 1tOD apxi~El s'tcrt, 'to tVCO'tlKO KTJPUYIlU q>OUV'tci>vEl, ~1't~ cr'ta Eipllv1Ka 1tEoiu 'tii<; SPEUVU<;Ei'tE cr'ta 1tEoiu 'tii<; UIlEcrll<; p~aEco<;, ocro ElVU1 Il1tOPE'tO Yla tKEivu 'ta XPOVla va 01UKpt~OUV !Ca'ta 'tP01tO XPTJcrtllO Y1a 'tOY icr'tOptoypaq>o ot 060 UU'tE<; pacr'tll P10'tll'tE<;. '0 ~1t. ZUIl1tEAtO<; dOUIlE va IltAEi 'to 1852 yta «OAOIlE~E1a KUt tvO'tll'tU». '0 1tUVTJYUP1KO<; 'tOY o1toio tKq>COVEi0 ~. ~UlluVOUOll<; cr'ti<; 20 Muiou 'tOU 1853 (01tOU, a<; AEX9Ei KUt 'tOI)'tO 'to XUPUK'tllptcrnKo, OE yiVE'tUt KavEvu<; {l1tUtVtYIl0<; aXE'ttKll IlE 'tijv AAcocrll), EXEt 9EIlU 'tijv tvO'tll'tU. "Evu IlTJvu ~paOU'tEpa, cr'tt<; 20 'Iouvlou, 0 r. TIu1tu061toUAo<;, crE Myo 'tOY (,noio aq>tEpci>vEt cr'ta tcr'tOP1Ka 'tOU ~111l0cr9Evll, AEE1: «a<; a't~Vi~COIlEVEi<; 'tijv tvo1toillcrtV 'tou tAAllV1KOUq>uAou, ilv YEVVatal 'ttVE<; WUXUt 1tpoyovcov roVE1P01tOAllcruv, KUt Ku9EUOOUcrU
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,; 'EAM<; tv 'tij q>uv'tucri~ avE1tAu't'tE». To 9Ella, XCOpt<; 1UK01tTJ, 0 crUVEX{~E'tUtKUt 1tOAUapyo'tEpU: (, 'AAE~l1<; TIaAAll<;, crE novnYUPtKO, KUt EKEivo<;, 20 Matou 'tOU 1859, t~UiPEt 'tijv tl1tEPOXl'J 'tOU VEOU 'EAAllVtcrllou a1ttvuvn orov apxuio, aKpt~OO<;yta 'tijv tvo'tll'tU 1tOD SXEt tm'tEux9Ei. EtoallE uAAcocr'tE KUt ea ~UVUOOUIlE toOOIlE 1toto W01tO ~AE1tOUVrors ol My tot 'tijv OPyUVtKij crXtcrll avallEcru cr'tij OtUXPOVtKij KUt 'tij crUYXPOVtKij tvo'tll'tu, 'tijv tvo'tll'tU IlEcrU cr'to XOOpo KUt 'tijv tvO'tll'tu IlEcru cr'tO Xpovo' ,; 't01t09E'tllcrll uu'tij a1to'tEAEi avuipEcrll KUt 'tOU uu'toXeOVtcrllou, 1tOD Xci>pt~E 'tOY 'EAAllVtcrIlQ IlEcrU cr'to XOOpoKUt 'tOOveECOptOOv 'tOU <l>uAAIlEpauEp, ol 01tOiE<;Xci>Pt~uv 'tOY 'EnllVtcrllo IlEcrU cr'to Xpovo. '0 K. TIU1tUPPllY01tOUAo<;, Aiyo nptv, cr'tijv sKeEcrll 'tOU 1tOtllnKou OtuYCOVtcrllou 'tOU iOlOU s'tou<; (25 Mupriou), 'tOVt~E tllq>uvnKa: «Ilnv 0' o,n O6vu'tUt va KPU'tUVlJ 'to uiO'ellllu 'tii<; t9VtKii<; tvO'tll'to<;, 'to KU'ta 'tijv ';IlEpuv ruernv 1tpOEOpeuov a1tav'tcov ';IlOOv 'tOOvOtUVOlllla'tcov KUt 1tOeCOV,cruv'tEAEi Ei<; 'tijv 1tPOcrTJKOUO'UV uu'tii<; OtUKOO'Il11crW»' A{YOU<; liiVE<; apyo'tEpU, l 22 Auyoucr'tou, sypUq>E yta «'tijv euullucr'tijv tKE{Vllv tvo'tll'tu 'tOU tAAllVtKOu sevou<;». ~'tijv 1tOAtnKTJ, 1l1t0POUIlE va eUllllaoUIlE 'to e. Zuillll cr'tij BouAij CIOUVlO<;'tOU 1852) va 'tOVi~Et on «TJ 'EKKAllO'iu Otu'tTJPlloe 'tijv teVtKij KUt 1tVEUIlU'tlKij tvO'tll'tu 'tOU tAAllvlcrllou crta XPOVtU 'tii<; oouAEiu<;», 1tavco orov KptllUtKo 1tOAEllo' (, Myo<; 1tUiPVEt KUeUpa IlUXll'tlKO 1tEptEXOIlEVO. 'H 1tPOKTJPU1;l1'tOU ~. Kcpctoxcxn (30 "Iuvouapiou 1854) OtuAuAEi : «'H tvO'tll<; 'tOO Fsvooc scr'tco 'to cruvellllU ';IlOOv». '0 NEOq>U'tO<; all~u<;, IlE 'tt<; B Ku9upa 1tOAElltKE<;t1;oPIlTJO'Et<; rou crov «Atoovu», sxstvo 'to apXollEvO 1854, 'tl'tAoq>opEi EVU a1to 'ta tll1tpllcr'ttKa upepu~OU «~UVUllt<; 'tii<; 'Eveoscx». 'Qcr'tocro, Ilijv 1;EXVaIlE KUt 'tOY av'tiAoyo' cr'tPEq>E'tat iotuirspu svcvttov 'ti'j<; OtoucrKuAiu<; 'tOU TIU1tUPP11Y01tOUAOU,ana Kat a1to 'ttlv U1t0Wll uu'tij SXEt O'l1lluO'iu, tvOO cruvallu tKq>p(1~Et Ilta mo YEVtKij O''taO'l1 a1tEVUV'tl O''ta 1tPO~ATJIlU'tu u~'ta : cr'tijv Eq>l1llEpioU «'AellVa» 'tt;<; 1211<;'Iouviou 'tOU 1856 ypaq>Et (, ~. Muupoq>PUOll<; yta 'tOY teVtKO tcr'toplOypaq>o on «TJ nepi svornro; 'tOOv 'En1')vcov uovounvtn rou Sq>9UO'EVEi<; 'to Ilil 1tEpUt'tEpCO».«<I>UV'tucrlOK01tTJllu'tu» XUpuK'tllpi~Et 'ta KllPuYlla'tu 'tOU TIU1tUPPlly01tOUAou.
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Md TJtVCO'tlKij q>covTJ, tODOUcrtUcrnKa 9a IlEiVEt <1><;'; U'tE~O1 K xilv q>covij'tOU TIU1tUPPTJY01tOUAOU, slvm q>UVEPOO'tl {l1tEptcrxuEl orov iOEoAoytKO rouse, ~ExoUIlE tKEi, aVUq>OptKa IlE 'to eEllu roirro, 000 crEtPE<; ocwouevev, 'tt<; 01tOiE<; a1;i~Et va 1tpOcrE~O\)IlE, 'tij Iliu yta 'ti<; crllIlUV'tlKE<; t1tl1t'tci>crEt<;'tt<; 01tOiE<; 1tUpOUcriUcrE, w<; KUt 1tOADapyo'tEpU, 'tijv UAAll yta 'tOY uWllM crull~oAtKo 'tll<; XUPUK'tTJpU. 'H 'tEAEu'tuiu uu'tij aq>opa cr'tov 'AAE1;uvopo 'tOY MEYU, KUt 'tijv a1toKu'tacr'tucrll 'tii<; IlVTJllll<; 'tOU, 'tijv tv9poVtcrTJ 'tOU, va 1tOUIlE KUAU'tEPU, crE KuiplO crllllEio 'tii<; tAAllVtKt;<; iOEoAoyiu<;' crUIl~OA1KO XUPUK'tTJpU SXEt, ~EJ3UtU, ,; crEtpa uu'tTJ, aAM 1tPOKEt'tat yta 'to crull~oAo 'tii<; MUKEooviu<;. '0 'AAE~uvopo<;, 01tco<;yvcopi~oUIlE a1to Ot(1q>opu 1tUAto'tEpu 'tEKIlTJPW, £IXE tm~TJcrEt 00<;';PCOtKO<;9puAo<; IlEcru cr'tilv tnllVtKij AUtKij IlVTJllll' ,; 1tupacr'tua.., uu'tij dXE cruVEXtcr'tEi Kui cr'ta IlE'tUYEVtcr'tEPU XPOVtu : apKEi va crllllEtci>croUIlEyta 'tilv 1tEp{O00 1toil Ila<; EVOtUq>EPEt1tEV'tE EK06crEt<; spycov ullEcru crXE'tlKOOV IlE 'tOY 'AAE1;uvopo, 'ttl ~COTJ 'tOU, 'tt<; EKcr'tPU'tEiE<; 'tOU, O'E O'UV't01l0 Otacr'tllllU Atyo'tEpo a1to 'tptav'tu XPOVtU (1832-1860). or EK06crEt<; UU'tE<; ElVUt oAE<; AatKE<; Kui, a<; 1tpocreEcrouIlE, KUIlCOIlEVE<; BEVE'tiu : 1tpoop{~OV'tUl, 011AUOTJ,1t(1v'tco<; tOAD cr'tij 1 1tEptcrcrO'tEPO yta'tov u1t60oUAO 'EAAllVtO'Il0 1tupa rta 'toil<; 'EAAUOtLE<;'(, TEp'tcrE'tll<;, 1tOD a1tO~l1'ta 'ti<; teVtKE<;, ol1Auoij 'tt<; AUtKE<;,pi~E<; 'tii<; 1tU10EiU<;,'tOY eUlla'tUl a1to VCOpt<;(1833), KUt 1taAt, apyo'tEpU, ~uva, E1tUVEtAllIlIlEVU.wE'tcrt,1tEPU a1to KaeE Emq>UAU~l1ocrcov Aoyicov aV'tlIlE'tco1ti~ouv tAAUOtKa 'to eEIlU, 'tOU'tO IlEVEt ~cov'tUvo IlEcrU cr'tijv iOEoAoytKij ypUIlIlU'tEiu 'tii<; E1toxii<;. Kui ocro, IlE (,1tOtOOTJttO'tE'tP01tO, 'to 0PUIlU 'tii<; IlEYaAll<; tvco469
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jlEVT]e; 'EAA6.8oe; OT]jllOllPYEt xmvouptec unoj3oAte;, 10crO EVlcrxuEml Kat Tt UVUIlVT]crT]lOU MEyuAoll 'AAE~uvopoll. ~AAArocrlE, crt 'WUlO ouvcvrtobvrm Kat oi mo OlatPOpE1lKte; .0loacrKaAiEe;. '0 fl. Lo<pLUvonollAoe;, 10 1848, XPT]crIl0001El: «'0 Oopuvoq EcruAwcrEv iinacrav lliV EUpc.OnT]v», YUl «vn UVllIVc.Ocrl]lilv nuuj3acrtAEiav de; IT]V Ilurpific lOU MEyuAOll 'AAE~uvopoll xni lOU 'Apio-rorexooc». 'A no lU 'Enrnvnou, uvuAoYT] <provil uKouElal, cr' EKElVO 10V xplotuo Xpovo' YPU<PEl 0 N. T. BouA yapT]e; : THAS' Tt &pa uno rooniv xpoyovrov oUl roo ourtov XPT]crllrov npOppT]9Etcra. xc.i rrpocrpcovsf 10V "Ofkovc : Ml~'llile; lOU BacrlAEu, uno lfie; 'EAAuooe;' Evavliov de; MEyuAOll 'AAE~uvopoll, crf: 10Ue; Aaoue; cuvevcxrov oAolle; j3apj3upolle; Ex9poue;,
'0 Ln. ZallntALOe; 10 1852, 101E uKplI3roe;, nou npocrxdilu~El IT]V fcrlOPLOvOIlIKT] upxil nepi lroV TPlroV Icropucev nspioorov lOU 'EAAT]VlcrIlOU, upxaiae;, IltcrT]e;, vemtspuc, Ilf; j3ucrT] IT] IlEltnEL1a oloacrKaAia TOU Ilcoroppnvonouxoo, E~alpEl IT] 1l0pQ)1i lOU MquAOll 'AAE~uvopou : (J' UUTOV crlllYOllV Tt 'AvalOAT] Kat Tt 'EAAuoa' o ro «xoouiov lOU ' AAE~uvopoll rtpooronov» EVonpxcovsrm «T) £AI... ]VlKT] IlqaAovola». T Kat uKolla, 10V tOLO xurpo, opallaTl~Eml niv «rnvouptu IlEAAOUIlEVT] EVrocrT] Tfie; 'AvaToAfie; Ilf: Tilv 'EAAuoa : «Too»; of: xni veoc TIe; 'AAt~avopoe; OOT]YT)crl] de; Tae; 6x9ae; lOU '1voou Kat 1013 rUYYOll lfie; 'Op90oo~iae; la crullj3oAa». "Axpox; ola<popE1lKOe; we; npoe; 10 nvsoucnKo KAilla, aVli9ElOe;, IlUAlcrla, 0 Kouuuvouorp; j3picrKEl rpono va Evcrrollalc.OcrEl Iltcra crTT] ola<prollcrIlEVT] crKt\jlT] rou lilv E~OpjlT]crT] lOU 'AAE~uvopoll: o-co AOYo rou lOU 1853, I3EI3atc.OVEl 01l 0 MaKE06vae; j3acrtAlae; dXE crllVElOT]crT] Yla IT]V £AAT]vlKOTTlla lroV crXEoirov rou. '0 Krovo-ruvrtvoc ,Aoromoc; elvm Kat alnoe; nOAu llaKPla ana lte; oloacrKaAiEe; lOU ZallnEALOll i1 1013 Ilunuppnvozous.ou, TT] ZallnEAlO-TIarcappT]yonouAELO Icropucn crxoATt; onroe; sypa<pE<paiVElat Aiyo vcopirepc 0 Koouuvooonc elver, jluAlcrm, 0 KOpll<paLoe; lfie; olluoae;, T) onoia IlEcra o-ro KatVOUPlO rtveuurrttxo KAllla nou olallop<pc.OvElat npocrrca9EL v« KpanlcrEl ~rovTaVf:e; Tie; jlVfillEe; TOU ~ta<proncrllou : «of rtepi 10V 'Aoromov», ii, uKolla, «T) <paTpia». KalE~oXT]V ol Koouovoodnc, KacrloPXT]e;, IlcncoAlc.OrT]e;, Muupoqipoonr;: crlT]V lOla 0116.80. IlnOPOUIlE va KalaAE470
~OllIlE, Ilf: ilia sopurepn rrpoorrrucn, TO 0. <DapllaKlOT] xni TO 0. Muvoixrn. 'QcrTOcrO 11 unoKaTucrmcrT] EXEl yiVEl TOTE uvaoopuc« Ilf: la rcpUYllala Tfie; upxaiae; Mcxeoovtcc: 0 ' Aoromoc, Yla 9EIla TOU nplJ1aVlKOU TOll AOYOll (25 LsnTsllj3pioll 1856) rrulpvst Til 1l0P<PT] TOU MquAoll 'AAs~uvopou. Flpoxerrm oucrlKa Yla Illa OlsuPllvcrTl Tfie; E9v1Kfie; 10£OAoyiae;, UAAa 10 xsiIlSVO anOTSASL nuvlroe; Kat ilia OT]ArolltVT] UrcUVTT]crT] crTOV 'IuKroj3o Piso Nspouxo. Tov tOtO XPOVO ilia uno lie; Kaiplse; EKOT]Ac.OcrSle;TOU TsPTcrETT] we; npoe; 10 Msvc ' AAt~avopo slvm Tt SKOOcrT] TOU n0111llaloe; rou «Of "(UIlOl TOU MsyuAou 'AAs~uvopoll». Tov £rcoIlSVO Xpovo, crTte; 25 'Iuvouapiou LOU 1857, 0 YllllvacrluPXT]e; NallnAioll TIllKULoe; 9SIlSAlc.OVSl 10 VE~ xripio TOU Fouvnctoo o rov OtKSLo AOYo tou ava<pEpsTUl os ocra Ercpa~s Tt 'EAAuoa «Ota TOU fl prooe; TT]e; MsyuAoll ' AAf:~UVOpOll», Ll0 IlSTa~U, 6 'Aotbm.or; £LOlllUsSl OSUTEP1l EKOOcrll TOU AOYOll TOll, aU~T]IlEvT]' <YTa rcPoAsyollsva Tfie; EnavsKoocrsroe; aUlfie;, Tt oxolu 9a j3,,(sL Aiyo UpYOlspa, TO 1858, 0 YTlpalOC; oloucrKUAoe; EK9ETSl cbpaLa 10 crllvaicr9T]lla rtou TOV 6OTtYT]crf: npoe; 10 IlsyaAorcpuYllova j3acrt).lU: slvct «crUllj30AOV £VOTllTOe;» Yla TOV 'EAAT]VlcrllO' 'AKOIlT] TO 1858,0 I. LOU''«)Oe;, crTO~ n.puruvuco A.6yo, ST]lEl va uKoucrollllS 10V ' AA.t~avopo Kat va uvaosLXTOullS «cpcrto roi EV HI> ' AvaWAIKC!> Kocrll<P Ola TfjC; E9vlKfie; T]llrov £VOTT]TOe;». To 1859, 0 K. <Dpeapi TTle; IlS1a<ppusSl TOV ' AA.t~avopo 1013 Droysen (£vroTlKOU Kat EKSivOll Iltcra o-ro YSPllaVIKO xropo): 'H 1l0P<PT] 'tOU MSyU).Oll 'AAs~uvoPOll EXEI EntKpa1Ttcrsl ern crllVElOT]crT] lroV 'EAATtvrov AO,,(irov, Five-cut SK<ppacrT], UrcUlVlY1l0e;, xapaK1T] PlcrIlOC;. '0 'A. Iluxntoc (1860) IllASL Yla TO «BecrlAEa Bixrcopn 'EllllavollfiAov 1fie; LapoLViae;, TOV VEOV 10U10Y 'Evornxov ' AA.£~avopov 1fie; '!TaAiae;». '0 'Emuvnctoc UyroVlcrnic; TroV SvronKrov uyc.Ovrov~. KaAAlvIKOe; mcrtsuet on 0 'EAAT]Vl<YIlOe; 9a <pEpSI «we; vsoc ,AAE~avopoe;» cr1T]V 'A vaTOA T] «1? TPOlST)VLOV nOAiTwlla» (1861), Movo Tt uKp01a1T] 0T]1l0KpanKll 9EcrT] of; OtXSTat vn uvayvropicrSl 10 j3acrlAlKo crullj3oAO: nupo11010. Evola<ptpollcra 1l0P<PT] Ilf; TOV KaAAi VIKO 0 IT. IIaviie; 111AEl 10 1865 YU110v Iltvcupo : « ... Kat crv supt9T]crav uv9pronol vc ola<plAovlKTtcrrocrt IT]V nOlT]TlKTtV roo u~iav, ouosie; ollroC; SUpWTl UKOIlT] vc UIl<Plcrj3T]1f]crl] de; aU10v 011 Ka1EXSI 1T]V n~c.OIT]V IlS1a~U 1roV KOAuKrov 9EcrIV. EIXEv oiKalOv 0 'AA.t~avopoc;, KaTacrKu\jIae; 1T]V oixluv 'tOU 'Encusivovooo, va <pSlcr9ij hslVTjC; 10U nIVOUpOll. OL j3acrtAslC; uyarcrocrt 'tOue; KOAaKae;, j3osAu110Vlai of: 1T]V upStT]V xui lilv nuppnolnv».
't&iae; va u1toypaJ.1J.1iO'&t'tie; apxai&e; pi~&e;, it e&A.llO'l1'tol) v&OU 'EA.A.llVtO'J.1ol)vel rovtcsi 'ttlv apxaia rou KatayrorTJ. ~OA.a au'ta yivov'tat l~tai't&pa EK~l1A.a a1to 'ttl O''ttYPtl '00''t00'0, J.1tA:flO'aJ.1&ai YUl J.1Ulclnll £K~TJA.roO'l1 K 'tfie; tvroaKpt~e; 61tou apXi~&t 'to K&<paA.al0 1tOU J.1&A.&'tliJ.1& £~ID: 6 'ttKfie; (J\)V&tOTJO'&roe; 'tol) vsou 'EA.A.llVtO'J.1ol).'H £KOTJA.roO'l1 im) a ~aUaptKOe; V&OKA.aO'tKtO'J.10e; 6 6ava'toe; 'tol) Kopafi Kai &ivat uva<p&p&'tat O''to yA.roO'O'tKO~TJ'tllJ.1a, Kai O''ttlV uva~ro1tuproO'TJ rou, SUo a<popJ,lte; 1tOU O'uv't&A.ol)v, 6&'ttKel it 1tPO>'tll, a1t06&'ttKel O''tel xpovta 'tel 61toia J.1&A.&'tliJ.1& llav'troe;, 6el O'l1J.1&tO>O'OUJ.1&it ~&u't&Pll, ytel va 6piO'oup& 'to 1833 roe; a<p&'tllpia J.1tlie; KatVOU£OID. ptae; 1t&ptooou 'tol) yA.roO'O'lKOI)~l1'tTJJ.1a'toe;. Ol Cl»avaplID't&e;, 'to <'>'tt£~av'tA.ll'ttKtl ~TJ'tllO'l1 yupro O''to 6&J.1a 'tol)'to O£V J.11top&i vd yi vet, 1tap&pya, J.1&O'aO''tel 1tA.aiO'ta J.1tlie; y&vtKfie; S6VtKfie; i1ttO (J\)YKpo'tllJ.1eVO O'IDJ.1aroe; 1tpOe; 'to yA.(J}O'O'tKO 1tpaYJ.1a'ttO'J.1o, (J'topiae; : J.10VOVU~&te;J.11tOpol)v va 00(01)v, oi 61toi&e; va xareurstvouv, ~&1t&pvO>V'tae; 'tOY Kopon, vel £YKa'taA.&i'l'ouv Ka6& (}uvouv 'ttl O'KS'I'l1 'tol) uvayvO>O''tll 1tpOe; J.1ia i't clnll Ka't&u6uvJ.1vTJJ.111 ol1J.1O'ttKfie;Kai va ~OA.&u'tol)v J.1£~va <'>pyavo Ev'tova 'tfie; apxaiO''ttKo' •AA.&~avopOe; MaupoKOpOU'tOe;, 'laKro~oe; Pi~oe; N&O'TJ.'E~aA.A.ou, 1tP&1t&tUKOJ.1avel 1tapa'tllP116&! <'>'tt'to ~TJ'tllJ.1a 'tfie; yA.O>O'O'ae; &ivat U1tO sK&iva 1tOU ou't& clPXtO'av ou't& 't&A.&iroO'av pOUA.Oe; tOU,a<pol) Eypa'l'& 'tel «Kopcxioruce», 1tapouO'ta~&l 'to>pa, 1 p&O'a O''to Xpovo 6 61toioe; J.1lie;u1taO'xoA.&i tOID: ota'tpeX&t 'tOY O''ttlv 'E1tavaO''taO'l1 £1tavro, 1toi 110'11 't&'tota «1tOU 0'01) <paiv&aio>va, <'>1troe; clA.A.OUe; Kai aiIDV&e;. l:uVe1tIDe; ~piO'K&'tat O''ttl Ota'tat vel 'ttlV Eypa'l'& 6 B&&A.~&~OUA.». Elvat ol «xmvoopto - yA.(J}O'O''tauproO'l1 1tOnIDV p&uJ.1a'trov, 1tOA.A.IDV iO&OA.0Y1IDV,1tOA.A.IDV O'i't&e;». Msvovruc O''toue; Cl»avaptID't&e;, lie; 6uJ.1119ol)J.1&, A.iyo apyoiOto(J\)YKpaO'tIDv' Kai fhO't, Ka't&~oXtlV 'to ~TJ'tllJ.1a 'tOU'to s~ap'tepa, 'tOY ·AA.&~avopo Pi~o PaYKa~TJ, 661toioe;, V&oe;,1tpiv Ep9&t (}l1K&O''ttlV nopeto roo, Ka'tel KatpOUe;, U1tO 1totKiA.a, 1toA.A.a1tA.a, O''ttlV 'EA.Moa, Eypa",& 'ttl «Cl»pocrUVTJ»,«de; yA.&O'O'av 011J.1cl>011», ai'tta. Ol ypaJ.1J.1&e;, .Ot1tOV,1tOU UKOA.ou60l)v ,00X&'ttKa, 1t&ptOpiA aA.A.el<'>'tav 'ttlV 'tU1troO'&,'ttlv «p&'t&1tA.aO'&» 0'£ yA.rocrO'a 1ttO Ka~ov'tat vel \)1too&i~ouv 'ta xapaK'tllPtO''ttKel 'ta 61toia s1t&opaO'av 6aptl (1837). 'A1to 'ttlV 'tptaoa 'ttlv 61toia £~aip&t 6 Tsptcsrnc, O''tie; SKOllA.O>O'&te; yA.roO'O'tKOI)~l1'tTJJ.1a'tOe;uvaJ.1&O'a O''tel Xpo'tol) 'ttlV 1tap&a 'tol) l:OA.roJ.1ol)p£ 'to l:1t. TptKOU1tllKai 'to r. 'I'uA.A.a, viu 1830 xui 1880. 6 1tpID'tOe; J.1&O'aO''ttl J.1ovroO'TJrou ea J.1&i vel, 61t(J}O'oTJ1to't&,1ttrou 6&0'11' 6 TptKOU1tlle; Kai 6 'I'uA.A.ae; To tVro'ttKO 1tpO~A.llJ.1a, KA.llPOV0J.111J.1&VO 'tel 1t&paO'J.1&va." O''toe; O''ttl yA.roO'O'tKTJ U1tO oxt : J.1£'to 1t&paO'J.1a'tOU Xpovou, &i't& 0'£ £1taV&KOOO'&te; 1taA.atoXropie; ttlV o~u'tll'ta Kai 'tOY 10ta~ov'ta 10&oA.oytKO 1tA.ol)'to 1tOU rspov epyrov &i't& 0'£ v&a omlOO't&uJ.1a'ta, 0&ixvov'ta1 <'>1..0Kai 1tapouO'ta~&t upyo't&pa, &iX&KtOA.ae;uv't1J.1&'tro1tiO'&t ai 'ttl yA.roO'K orov apxaiO'J.1o .• AA.A.roO''t&,J.1tel 't&O'tKtl 1tA.&upa. Tel 6&a'tp1Kel Epya, <'>O'a£~aipouv t\ \)1tOOllA.O>VOUV 1t&ptO'O'o't&PO1tPOO'K&1J.1&VOl rotc 'tP01ttl yiv&'tat YPTJyopaai0'911'ttl Kai O''ttlV 1tpo~a 'tol) Tsp'tie; OUO'KoA.i&e; 61toi&e; u1tav'tol)v ol ~EA.A.llV&e; 'tie; 1tOU 1tpO&PXOV'to'&'tll 't01) iOtou. 'tat U1tO ola<pop&e; 1t&ptOXSe; yta va (J\)V&VV01160I)V J.1&'ta~u 'toue; (<<KopaKtO''ttKa'>, 1813, «Cl»lMpyupoe;», 1816, «Ba~uA.rovia», Mo. 1tav'to't&, 0" au'ttl aKoPll 'ttlV 1tpcl>'tll o&Ka&'tia 'tfie; ~aO'tA.&iae;,clA.A.&e; a<poPJ.1£e;60. xt VTJO'ouv 1tpOe; 'to ioto 1taA.1 a1to't&1836) U1tllxoi:iv Kai 'tie; O'X&'ttK£e; (J\)~l1'tTJO'&te;'tfie; s1toxfie; : ol A.&O'J.1a it cl<Pt~l1 'tol) K. OIKovoJ.1oU O''ttlV 'EA.Moa, 'tOY 'OK'tO>: -EA.A.llV&e;xp&la~ov'tat J.11a yA.ci>O'O'aYUl vel J.11tOpol)v vel (J\)V&V~PtO 'tol) 1834, it aV'tiopaO'l1 'tfie; SA.A.llvtKfie; A.oytOcrUVTJe;O''tie; vool)v'tat, vel SKe&'tOUV ypa1t'tel Kai 1tpo<poptKa 'tel OlaVoTJJ.1a'ta 9&ropi&e;'tol) Cl»aA.A.J.1&pau&p, iopUO'l1 'tol) llav&1ttO''tll,J1iou. Tonit 'toue;, 'tel O'uvat0'6TJpa'ta roue, 'tie; yvo>O'&te;rouq xni vd yi vovrm 'to, O''ttlV KaA.A.1&py&ia'tfie; 1taV'tooa1tfie; O'o<piae;, t1toJ,1&VO~'tav uV'ttA.ll1t'toi· U1tO SK&! Kai 1t&pa, <'>A.&e; 1..600&te;1tpo~aA.A.ov'tat, ot vel £1ttOtO>~&t'ttlV 1tpoayroytl 'tol) yA.roO'O'tKOI)opyavou 'tfie; otOaU1tO 'ttlV upxaia yA.O>O'O'a'Oe;'ttl A.aA.ouJ.1&vll. Au'ta, yta 'ttlV tvot O'KaA.iae;, Kai 1tpaYJ.1a'ttKel 1tpOe; 'ttlV Ka't&i>9uvO'l1 au'ttl exouJ.1&, 'tll'ta J.1&O'aO''to XIDPO' Y1el 'ttlV tvo'tll'ta J.1&O'a oro Xpovo, r 1tpoO'<p&pov'tat £1tiolle; slrs TJ upxaia 1tOU o&ixv&t 'ttlV clJ.1&O'l1 a1to 'tel1tpID'ta xpovta 'tfie; iopuO'&cl>c; ou, O'&lPel a1to O'X&'ttK£e; aKOJ.1a Kai ot 9&roPll'ttKel 1tPOO'K&1P&Vot0'£ A.UO'≤ Ka'tayroYtl 'tIDVV&ro't&provU1tO 'toue; uPxaioue;, slrs it A.aA.OuJ.1&Vll, £KOllA.O>O'&te;· 1tlO (J\)v'tllPll'ttK&e;, 011A.aOtl 1tA.llO'l&O''t&p&e; 1tpOe; 'ttlV 1tapaooO'l1 1tou Exov'tae; Kpa'tTJO'&t (J\)O''ta'ttKcl 'tfie; uPxaiae; <P&PV&tMta'tfie; ol1J.1o'ttKfie;, 'tp&1tOv'tal1tpOe; 'ttl XPTJO'l1J.11lie; A.O>O'O'ae; xcy 1tOU ",&uO''tll ucproptu ytel 'ttl ~roV'tavtl KA.llPOVOJ.1UlU1tO 'tel unaia 6ap&U&1()A.OKai xepioeorepo. "Oruv 6 •AJ.1~pOO'lOe;paA.A.lle;, 9&Xpovta t'Oe; 'tel J.1&'tay&v&O''t&pa: ytel 'ttl otaxpoVtKtl tvo'tll'ta. K rupro O''to 1820 &iX&£1ttKpa'tTJO'&t (1toO'o'ttd O''toue; 1tA.&lO't&pOUe; A.oV'tae; va O&i 'ttlV tA.A.llV1KtlyA.ci>O'O'a a9aplO'J.1&VTJa1to 'toue; pu1tOUe;'tfie; oouA.&iae;, a1to't&i vstm Ylel 'to epyo robto O''to IlcvseiA.oyioue;, 1tOtO'ttKcl O''toue; 1ttO OUVaJ.11KOUe;) cl1to'l'l1 'tol) Kopaf : it O''tTJJ.1tO,~&P&l 'ti dV&l : it yA.O>O'O'atol) 1t&~01)A.6you, 'tfie; oloa' ~aO'l1 it A.aA.ouJ.1&vll,elA.A.a<'>0'0yiv&'tat 1t10 Ka6aptl (L1t0 'tel ~&va O'Ka~iae;, EX&l 1tap&t 'to Op0J.10 'tlle;, J.1£0''ta9&po ~fiJ.1a, 1tpOe; 'tOY O''totX&ia <'>O'aEXOUV U1t&tO'&A.e&t0" aU'tTJ' o>e; 1tpOe; 'tel YVTJO'ta SA.A.llVtd, it 1tpo'tiJ.111O'l16el &lvat : uvap&O'a O''to 10troJ.1a'ttKo Kai £~apxaiO'J.1o. '0 Leveque, clA.A.llJ.11el popa, KaMe; J.1ap'tupae;, 6au< O''to K01VOXPllO''t0, ytel 'to KOtVOXPllO''to <'>1tro<; Ot&~O~tKo't&pa uvaJ.1a~&l 'to 1847 'tie; £1tt'tuXi&e; 'tol) llav&1ttO''tllJ.1iou 0" au'ttl 'ttlV 1t'tuO'O'&'tat O''tov ToJ.1. lA', 0'&1...358). 'H (J\)v'taytl <paiv&'tat {L1tA.TJ· Ka't&u9uvO'l1' it 1tapa'tTJPllO'l1, Ylel 'ttlV 1tpoayroytl Y&V1Ka 'tfie; v&ae; yA.O>O'O'ae; 1tpOe; 'ta apxaia 1tpo'tu1ta, ~ava~p[O'K&'tat, au'to O''ttlv 1tpa~l1 ()J.1roe; tapouO'ta~&t 'toO'&e; ~uva'to'tll't&e; s<papJ.1oYfie; 1 'tOYiotO Xpovo, Kai aA.A.ol). Au'to Ota1ttO''tO>V&lKai 6 paA.A.lle;, ypa<'>0'01&ivat Kai SK&iVOt 1tOU eel KA.lleol)v vel 'ttlV £<papJ.1oO'ouv.. <pov'tae; 1tpOe; 'tOY 1tpu'taVTJ : it 1t&~oypa<p[a 1tpoxrop&t· it 1toillO'TJ wE'tO't, Kai SOID ()1tro<;O''ta clA.A.a~l1'tTJJ.1a'ta Y1a 'ta 61toia &iX&SKolO''ta~&l. '0 01a6&'tlle; 9el 6&0'J.106&'tTJO'&1 ~va 01ayrovlO'J.10 1tOlll<ppaO''t&i, EOtv& 6 i010e; 'ttl vOpJ.1a, <'>0'0 ~'tav ~rov'tavoe;' una 0'£ a J1&'tel 'to 6ava'to 'tou, ()'tav 1totKiA.ot A.6yot 6OTJYllO'av J.1&yaA.ll 'ttKO, 1tOU 6el O'uV't&A.&O'&l J.11el VaA.oYll 1tp6000 Kai 'tol) 1tOlll'ttKOI) A.6you· <'>poe; auO''tllpoe; 'tol) olayrovlO'J.101) eel &ival J.11a P&piOa 'tfie; tA.A.llvtKfie; A.oytOcrUvlle; 1tpOe; A.uO'&te;1ttO elPxaiO''tt1 K&e;, 1tapouO'taO''tllK& 'to <patVOJ.1&VO 1tpo'ta60I)v yA.(J}O'O'tKEe; yA.O>O'O'a tOU vel Ka6ap&U&1. Au'ta 'to 1850' 9a XP&laO''tol)v va vel 1t&paO'ouv 1tOA.A.el XPovla, vel Ka'tapYlle&i 'to «paA.A.&lO» atayo>U1t0Xpcl>O'&ie; VtO'XUJ.1&V&e; £ J.1£KopaiKcl £1ttX&tPTJJ.1a'ta, UA.M 6A.6vlO'J.1a, 'to 1861, 000''t& J.1£ 'ttlV avacrUO''taO'l1 clA.A.OU1tap6J.1010U 't&A.a ~ev&e; t\ Kai av'ti6&'t&e; a1to 'ttl 6&A.llO'TJi't 'ttl <ptA.oKaA.ia olayroviO'J.1a'toe;, 'tol) «Bou'tO'lvaiou», vel apX[O'&l vel Y[V&'tal 0&'t~1) Kopafi. 'H ota6&0'11 au'tTJ, <'>1tro<; &ivat <pUO'tKO, £v'taO'O'&'ta~ K'ttl it 011J.10'ttKtl (1862-1877). P&~ata Kai 0'£ ~va Y&VtKO't&PO1tA.aiO'to, aA.A.el1tpo&pX&'tat Kal 'H 1toi 110'111tavllyupi~&t Ylel 'ttlV a1t6<paO'l1 'tol) PaA.A.ll : J.1£'to U1tO 'ttlV £~eA.t~l1 'tfie; iOtae; 'tfie; KopaiKfie; 6&ropiae;: ~£v EX&t ~avav6tO'J.1a 'tol) 1tOlll'ttKOU A.6you, ~Pta' 1tav'to't& J.11top&iKav&ie; vel Ka6apiO'&t A.iyo 1t&ptO'O'o't&po. E'tO't, it ypaJ.1J.1tl 'ttlV 61toia J.11top&iva Ola1ttO''trocr&t 0'£ 1taA.ato«it <ptA.&A.&u9&poe; v&oA.a[a 't&p&e;1t&ptOOoue; 6 £P&UVll'tTJe;,J.1tel'taO'l1 1tpOe; 6A.o&va 1ttO EV'tO£v'toe; OA.iyou K1 au'ttl y&vvaia 'tP01ttl 1tpOe; 'tOY apxaiO'J.1o, (J\)v&Xi~&'tat Kai 'to>pa. Kai 0" de; veae; J.1axuc; 9&A.&tPl<p9f\. aU'ttl 'ttl <PUO'tKTJ,lie; 'ttlV 1tol)J,1&, 1tap&pJ.111v&ia 'tfie; y&vvaiae; MaKpelV 'tOY TOI)PKOV 9&1..&1010>~&t. .. » u~Xf\e; 'tOU Kopafi, it 61toia Kai J.1oVTJtlle; u1tfipX& Kivouvoe; &i't& ' Va 6011YTJO'&t1tOA.UJ.1aKpta &i't& va J.1tlV£J.11to~iO'&t clA.A.&c;, av&(1:. KapuOlle;, 1851). '0 • AA.&~avopOe; Pi~oe; PaYKa~TJe;, &iO'l1Yll~ap'tll't&e;, £~&A.i~&te;,EPX&'tat 'to>pa vel pi~&t 'to ~apoe; 'tou ~va 'ttlC; 'to 1853, £K9&'t&t 1ttO 9&roPll'ttKel 'to avaJ,1&v611&VOa1t9'tt6A.6KA.llPO KatVOuptO crUO''tllJ.1a: it 6&1..110'11 'tfie; v&ae; lloA.trA{ll:l:A
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AtO')la tou LlwywvtO')lOU : liv lmoO'tT]ptX9ei it OT])lOttKi], U1t<IPXtt Kivouvot; vu E1ttKpatT]O'tt, (mott 90. EXOU)lt «OtaAEKtWV tiOtKUt; a.va1ttu~et<;», UVtt vu ota1tAaO'tti )l1Uf:v1aia 1taVtAAT]Vta yAcOO'O'a. '0 UVtiAoYOt; O'tO 1tpoypa)l)la tOUtO ~yaivtt - 1tOAll xapaKtT]PIO'ttKU - Kat f:KttVOt; U1tO to Flcvsmorruuo : 6 'E1ttavi].O'tot; l:1t. TIi]A1Kat;, 6 cpiAOt; tOU l:oAW)lOU, 1tputavT]t; to 1852, U1tO00K1)lut;t1. tOV E1ttXttPOU)ltVO E~apxa\O')lo to\) 1tot1)ttKO\) Myou : «it 1tvot'j trov xotunrnptrov ~T]paivtt to rpuosoov to\) at0'9i])laroc», ' AAAU f:oro O&V1tpOKtttat ytU tt'jv KaAAtEpytta evot; «slOOUt;» )lEO'a O'f: )llU f:9VtKt'j Aoyottxvia : it 1tpoO'1tu9tw uyyit;tt tt'jv iow tt'jv oboto tlit; E9vtKlit; t;wlit;· EtO't to vtc09tt Kat EtO't to EK9EtEt Kat VO)l09EtEi to 1853 6 TIavaytcOtllt; l:O\)tO'Ot;, O'f: ~t~Aio rou tltAOCPOpT])lEVO «NEa l:XOAt'j tOU ypacpo)lEVOU Myom>, Kat eXEl U1tOtttAO «'AVUO'taO'lt; tlie; upxaiae; eA.AT]vtKfjt; YAcOO'O'T]t; f:VVOOU)lEVlle; 1tO 1tUVtWV». To eVWttKO 1tvt\»)la slvm U cpavEpo: «'H YAroO'O'a troy uPXaiwv 'EAAT]VWVKat itllrov troY VEWtEPWVeO'Stat )lia Kat it auttr it rpallllattKt'j f:KEivwv Kat it)lrov &O'Etat )lia Kat it auti]». '0 K. 'AO'c01ttoe; Kat ol 6)locpPoVEe;tOU xuruxptvouv tt'jv 1tpoO'1tu9tta, 1tODcptuVtt vd 1ttPtAu~Et )lEO'a O't1)v uva1taAaiwO'T] roe;Kat tOV )lOVOAtKttKO )lEAAOVta, tOV U1tAOimtpO'uVtEAtKO, to U1tapEIlCPato, tt'j OOttK". '0 \01Oe; 6 K. TIa1tappT]Y01tOUAOe;, O'f:t'iAAo f:VtEAroe;KAi)la U1tOtOue; «1ttP't tOV 'Aoromov», t~apxait;Et Kat autOe; tte; f:1tavEK06O'Ete; trov EPYWV tOU, UAAU OttAWO')lEVOe;f:)l1tpO~ O'tt'jv U1tEP~OAt'j ~ai tt'jv UVEoacptKOtllta troY O'XEOiwv to\) l:oUtO'ou to. KataOtKut;Et. To 1857 6 ' ApYUpIOe; Kapul3ae; U1tOKaAEi «u1)OEO'tata XUOalKU» to. 1tpoi:OVta tlie; oT])lottKlie; 1tapaywyfje;' to 1860, 6 'EAAT]VOYUAAOe;MY1Oe; EUYEV1Oe; emeniz OW1tlO'tcOVStt1) l3a9tu uA.A.aY y1) tfjt; yA.cOO'O'ae; O'tU tEAEUtaia rpurvm xpovta Kai tOVit;El ott" )lOpCPt'jtrov )lEtaYEvEO'tEPWV EPYWVEivat «O'XEOOV upxaia». Tov 1010 Xpovo 6 l:1t. Za)l1tEAlOe;, 1tOll 6 rOtOe; ouo'cpopEi ytu til yA.cOO'O'a 'titv 61toia cb9Eitat vd YPUCPEt,O'T])ltlcOVEt ott «(Iva1toO oit;ouO'tv ol OtOUO'lWAOl1tPOt; to O'xfj)la to UPXai:KOV», Kai 1tPO~UAAEt )ltU spunvstc : «VET]AUe; UpXatoAatpeia tK rEp)lavi~ ne; 6PIlWIlEVll, Ecpop~it;Etat E1tiKOUpOe;1tPOt; tOV EYXcOPIOV Kai 1tatpo1tapaootov A.0YIWtattO')lo\,», t01t09EtcOvtae; CPUO'tKU cpatto VO)lEVOa1tO tout; )ltta tOV 'AYcOva xpovout;. ~00'0 Yla to pu9)l0 tOU cpatVO)lEVOUKat titv al0'9T]0'T] tt'jv onolu 1tpOKaAEl, <bpaia, Ylatt O'tEVU 1tPOO'OlOPIO')lEVll, slvea it ucptoplu tou G. Perrot, 6 61t01:0t;, cpEuyatOe; O'tt'jv ' A9"va U1tO to 1858 ~ava~piO'icEtat O'titv 1tPWtEUouO'a titv t'iVOt~T] tOU 1861, f;VtU1twO'lat;Etat U1tO tit )lEta~OA" : «Of:VtOA)lro va )llA i]O'W yta 1tpOOOO», YPUCPE~. Kni O'T])lttcOVEl vti9tta: u «it yAcOO'O'a,Kata t1)v UVttAll'll" )lOU, eXEl XUO'El1tOA.U,lEO'a O'f:1l1Ueixoouertc, O'f:1taA) )l0 Kat O'f: npcrrorozdn»: O'1tEUOEl,'iA.A.WO'tE, U1tOOcOO'El EUt va ..1)v 9uVT] cro TIaVE1ttO't")llO. Ilcpouoic 6 E. Desmaze Of:Vuya1tUEl «ta 1tpoi:OVta»... «tlit; vEae; )lt9600\»>: 1tpOtt)laEt tt'j v 1taA.tu; r 1)v 61toia OVO)lUt;tl vulgariste, «xuoalK,,». Ol 1ttPt1ttcOO'tIC; autf:e; <>tvelVat )lOVWIlEVEC; IlEta~ll trov ~EVWV: evaC; Bpsruvoq 90. nst t a lOW, tOV 10tO Xpovo' t'iAA.Oe;,6 MaO'O'wv, 1ttPl)lEVtl, to 1868, Ott it EA.A.T]VtKit CPtUO'tl YPTJyopa f:KEt 01tOU !3PIO'KOtuV 9a O'tOV 2tvocpcOyta Kat O'tOV TIAa ..wvu. ot )luptupite; tautit;oVtul' oi KpiO'tlC; Yla ta cpawo)ltva 1tOtdAAOUV' «1l1topEi KuVtte; vu 1ttPlllEVtl )lla E1ttO'tPOcpi], Ai yo 111t0A.Uyopyil, Aiyo 111tOAU1tPOO'EXTJ, O'tiC; XPTJO'tle; ..fje; upxuiuC; yAcOO'O'ac;». '0 lowe; t'iA.AWO'tt O'xoAlaO'tTJC;,1tOll Of:Velvat t'iAA.Oe; 1tO tOV G. D' Eichtal, O'T]U )ltlcOVtt on O'XtOOVJlOVOot ~EVOI tivat 1tOD E1tt)lEVOUV UKOJlT] YIU tt'j (1)1l0ttK". '0 rUA.AOC;MylOC; dXE E~UAAOUto. xpovta EKtiva 1tpOKaAEO'tt Jlla Kiv1)O'll, 1tOll eiXt O'K01tO va Ka9ttpcOO'tl tit YEa EAAllVIKTJyA.cOO'O'uta yA.cOO'O'a tt9VtKt'j tiic; E1ttO'"TJJlT]C;. y O ~OJlWC; ~tKa9apit;El KUAU..O t;i]tT]Jla : Of:V1tpoKttmt YUl t1) OT])lOttKi], UJ,;AU YIU to 'lAWO'O'lKOoP'lavo 1tOll JlEpa Jlf: t1) JlEpa ttAtlO1tOltital )If: ..t'jv E1tt~tpyaO'ia trov 'EAA"VWV Aoyiwv. 'H 1tPOO'1tU9tla dvT]O't, 01tWC; iltuv e1to)ltvo, titv 1tpoO'ox1) tiiC; EA.AllVtKiie;Kotviic; yvcO)lllt;. '0 TI. l:outO'OC; ..0 1865 1tapatT]pti ott Kai uut1) it tP01ti) cpavtpcOvtt t1)v E1tttuXia toli 1taA.atottpOU Kll pUYllatoc; 'tou : it YEa O'X0A.T!oli ypacpollEvoU Myou EOwO't ..out; Kap1tOUc; t "1)e;. 472
H 0PHl;KEIA ,AAA.O.aUta Of:Velvrn KallwllEva YUl vu ota9pi'll0l)V 1l0VO 'tou TI. l:OUtO'ou -rT!CPtAOttllia: Epxovtat va Ev'tax90uv 0'&Ilta IltyaAT] t'ivwO'T]tOU E9vIKOU 1tvtuJlatOC; tiiC; 61toiac; yvwpit;ouJlt KIOAae; KU1tOttC;JlOPCPEe;, JlEVtt tcOpa va jvoptcouua Ilia UKOllll, Kai U1tO tie; 1tlO O'T]llaVttKte;, EKtiv1)v 1t0\:>uvacpEpttat O'to 9P1)O'KEUttKol3iwlla. 'E1tuVW 0" auto slvrn 1tOU 90. Ep9Et VU EVOcpeaAllt0'9El it· eVVOta tOU «xspioootou Aaou». MVT]lloVEUO'aIlE· EOro 1tpoO'cpatu t1)v t'icpt~ll tOU K. OlKOVOJlOu O'tt'jv 'EAMoa, tOY 'OKtcO~PW tOU 1834. '0 OlKOVOJl0C;, 01tUOOC 1tUAUto'tEpa 'to\) Kopufi, tcOpa EXtt IlttaO'tEi O'f: IlIU U1tOAU-tTl9pllO'KEU'tlKTJ, 1tOAt'ttKt'j Kai KOlvWVUO'l op9000~la, O''titv 61toia 1tpoaapJlot;tt Kai ilIa YAWO'O'tKl'luvuPPO)lT! 1tpOC; 6A.OEVa1tlO upxait;ouO'a yAcOO'O'a.WEpXttat U1tO tT! Peete, 01tOU 1tUPEJlEtVE,ttJllllltvOC;. KU1tOUO'XtOOVO&KU1tEVtE XPOVla' cptUVE\ O'tT!V 'EAMoa Aiyo 1tEPtO'O'OtEPO U1tO eva XPOVO acpou it 'EKKA.llO'ia toli BaO'lAtiou KllPUX9T]KEautOVOJl1), xwpie; va nponyT]9et u1tocpaO'll O'XEttK1) to\) OlKOUJltVIKOU TIatptapXElou. 'H t'iCPl~TJOU, 0llA.ao", ea O'ull1tEO'tt Jlf: tt'jv upxi) IlUKProv uycOvwv t yupw U1tO to t;T]tllJlU tOU autoKtcpaAou tiiC; 'Ef.-A1)V\Kiie; 'EKKA.1)O'iac;' eo. 1tpWtoO'..at"O'tl Kat 0" autOUe; 01tWe; .Kai 0'& Ku9E U1tO9&0'T] 01tOU Jl1top&i va 9EWPT]9tt Ott it 'Op9000~ia KIVOUVEUEI Kat ea XPT]O'lJlO1tOlTJO'&l t'i~lEe; Myou IKavotT]tEe; rou, 1tuvtOtie; rs E1tlKtcpaA.iie; tfje; 1tAEOV<TUVtT]pT]ttKiie;JlEpioac;' O'ta YAWO'O'lteO. 1tpuYllata, of: eo. Ellcpavit;El ti)v 1topEla roo O'UVKun Kalvoopio, UAM O'av O'UVEXtO'TI 1tpoO'1tu9&we; tOU Kopan. l:tU tiie; UJlEO'We; 1tOIlEVUxpovw ota1ttO'tcOvE'tat JlUl EVtOVT]9PllO'J<:EUtlE Ki) g~apO'TI JlEO'a O'tOV EAAT]VIKOO'UVtlOllO'laKo xropo. . ,Apxit;Et tVIO'xuov'tae; 9pT]O'KEunKu 0llll0O'tEullatu. W AAAO'tE to. 1tpuYlla ..a Ilat; elvat yvwO'tu, UAAUO'f:t'iAAte; 1tEPt1ttcOO'Ete; f:V O Il1tOpOUJlE VU 1tpocrypu'IIouJlt t'iJltO'a 0" EKtivov tT! Ilia 11 ti)v t'iAAll EKO"AWO'T]uvacpoptKU Ilf: ..tl xptO'navtKtl 1tiO''tTl. MnoPOUJlE va Milt ott U1tO 'tOY Katpo 01tOU EcptaO't O'ttlV 'EAAuoa 1tapouO'\ut;E'tUt Ilta O'Etpa O'XE'ttKrov CPatVOIlEVWV, xwpie; vu E1ttl3uAAE'tat 1tavtO'tE vd 1tpoI30\)IlE O'f: O'uO'X&'tiO'tte;. "Orov, Mmo tOU 1836, ypucptt 6 'AJ.... l:O\)tO'oe; on «slvm O'XtOOV £V E'tOC;, ucp' ou it t1tiOtl~te; 'tiie; 9toO't!3tiae; eytVtv 6 ytVtKOe; O'uPJlOe; 'tiic; 'EJ...AUOOC;», 1tpE1ttl VU to O'uO')'f;tiO'ouJlt IlE ti)v licpt~ll 'to\) Oi· KOVOIlOU; wIO'wt;. "Otnv ExoullE Ilta eKOOO'll 'tou 'Aya9aYYEAOu to 1837 Kai 000 'to 1838, IlEO'a O'f:1t'twxi], O'XtttKu, EKOOttKi] xiVT]O'T], tPE1ttt va 1tPO~OUJlt 0'& O'UO'XE'tlO'T] titv 1tapouO'ia 'tou 1 Jlf: OlKoVOIlOU O''ttlv 'EJ...Moa ; wIO'wC;. u it cpavtpi] roo 1tOAtlltKtl M svcvriov tOU cptAtA.tu9tpou 1tvtu)la'toe; 1t0\:> EK1tPOO'W1tEi'tat ioiwt; U1tO 'to e. CIlapllaKioTl, ot <TUO'Xt'tiO'tle;1tOU EytvaV Ilf: EVEpytt&e; XPT]O'JlOJ...OYtKf:e; EKtivwv trov Xpovwv JlEO'a orov EJ...A.aOtKO xropo, it 'ttJ...tKit E1tlKpa'tllO'T] 'trov iotrov yta tie; 61toite; elxt uywvtO''tEi, JlaC; E1tlI3UJ...A.OUV U1toocOO'ouJlt O''to li'to)lo vu rou ..tlv u~ia O'UIl~OJ...OU 61toia, 61twO'O,,1tOtE, rev ~t1tEPV<iet it 1tOAU. WOxt 1tWe; Il1tOptt Kavtie; 1t0'tf: va 1tpoO''YPU'IItt O'f:IllU ·U'tOJltKi) E1tiooO'T]E1tt'ttU~tte; 'tOU 'tU1tOUau'toli : YlU vu ..ie; EPIlT]vtuO'ou)lt, elVUl UVUYKT] u uvat;T]'t"O'oUJlt Kai (fJ...Aaalna, 'ta 61toiu OJ...uva v O'UYKA.lVOUV 1tPO~ 'to 10to U1tO'tEJ...tO'lla,11 1tOU, 1tUv'twe;, va OT]lltouPyouv tUVOlKO KJ...iJla Yl' au'to. ~O,n Il1tOPO\)llt va 1tOOJlt 1tpcOnO''ta, elvat o'tt 6 1tuJ...atOe;cptJ...tJ...eu9tptO'Jloe;, 01tWe; EKOTlJ...cOVt ..at O''tov UPXOJl&VO 'AYcOva, cptAtJ...tu9tptO'Jl0C; O'uvucpaO')lEvo,; Jlf: EJ...tUStp0crUV1), EXtt ui0'(1)'ta {)1tOXWPitO'&l OEKa1tEv'tt Xpovta Ilt'ta 'to EiKoO'lEva. 'H 'E1tavuO''taO'T], 6 Ka1tooiO''tpla~, ot Bauapoi: 'to KpU'tOe; EYKa'taO''tu91lKt· at J...0YIOtVEOl <bpiJlaO'av, EV'tUXellKaV, q1tOlCa'taO''tu91lKav, !3J...E1tOUV u~ia "iie; iO'oppo'titv 1tta~ Kat 'to poJ...o 'tOY 61toio ll1topei va 1tai~tt it 'EKKA1)O'iu O''ttlV KOtvWVtKtl E~tO'OPP01t1)O'1)'1tOJ...Aa U1tO 'to. EeVtKU O'Uve"lla'ta 'tEIlvov'tat Ilf: O'uv9itJ.1a'ta 'to. 61toia tuvooov 'ttl ep1)O'KtU'ttKO'tll'ta. ~Ae; 9uJlT]90\)Jlt ioiw<; 'tT!v EVO'tT] Jlf: 'tie; 1tot dJ...&e;Ecpap)loYEt; 'ta 'tTle;: liv 6 upxatoe; tJ...J...llVlO'J.10e; uO''tEPllO't <be;1tpOe; ..oli'to, uv'tiet'ta 'to But;uv'tto OtVtl Ka'tt~oxitv, J.1E'ttl Jlovapxi.o. 'tOU, 'ttlV alO'ellO'1) 'tiie; tv6't1)'ta<;. 'H Ilovapxia eJ...KSt 'to But;uv'ttO, 'to But;uv'tto ~J...Ktt ..0 XPtO''ttavtO'JlO, Kat 'ta J...Ot1tU.
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"Oj1We; au'tu 80. 'to. O"uv£XiO"OUIl£ 01UV, IlEO"a uno 'ta 1t£paO"j1tva 'ta oxolu <iyyiO"al1£, 80. 80uj1£ 't~ 8pT]o"K£UTl K11 qipuciuo n £VlO'XU).lEVT] Yla notKiAOUe; A6youe; a1tO 'tOV a~ova 'tOU 1850 xui reEpa, Kai ).lUAIO"'ta ano rov xptumxo 1t6A£110 xni nEpa. Tcopc I1Ue; usvst Va napaKoAou8110"0Wl£, we; 'to 'tEAOe; 'tfie; nspiocoo 'ti]v onoio 11£A£Tiip£ £8co, 't~ O"uv£Xl~611£VT] ypalll1T] 10U L1la<pWllO"l1oU I1EO"a O"TOV £AAT]VlKO O''tOxaO"j16, ).la~i 11£ 1ie; i8tOppu8I1i£e; 'tT]e;, onwe; 1ie; Tovi~£l 10 ntpaO"pa 1rov Xp6vwv. 0a 8WKp[VOU).l£ 800 Xp6Voue; IltO"a o"TT]V KapnUAT], ol o-rolot, <pUO"lKU, 1tpOe; 'to usee 1T]e; £nlKUAUnTOVTal: 1'1 A.oytoO"uvT] slvo t vroprtspu mo at0"8T]1i], ana napaxwp£l ~(8).lwla n£ptO"0"61£PT] OtO"T] Yla 111v rtnpouclo 'tcov AOY01£XVlKroV £K8T]A.wO"£wv. MUA.lO"Ta, 8a uzropoixre xuv£ie; va n£l on i] 8ta<pW1l0").lEVT] aKa8T]j1aIK~ 8t8aO"KaA.[a, 1tOAU U[O'8T]1T] we; 1T]V £K8p6vlO"T] 'tfje; ~auaptKi'je; 8uva0"1Elae;, nanwverm nOAU 0"10. UO'1£pa Xp6VLa. '0 Koivo-ruvrtvoc IlcoroppnvonouAOe; EX£t nsptnou ETCl~A 118£1 0"111v Ka't£O"'tT]l1tVT] £rct 0"1i] ).lT], " onoia avayvwpi~£1 111 ~OUAT]O"i] 1T]e; 0"10 £pyo roo. L'tO £1tin£80 aU10 ol avn8tO"£IC; al1~AuvoV1CLt: uevst i] U1ti]XT]O"T] 'tfie; naAalUe; 8l8aO'KuAiae; O"i: xcn oiouc l1a8T]1£e; Kai KU1tOt£e; uo~W).ltv£e; o.AA£e; £K<ppUo"£Ie;' 110. xu i £K£lv£e; 80. O"~i]O"ouv 11 8u UAAOlW80uv. Fturi vcopttspo, onwe; 10V d8al1£,0 xapalCTi]pae; 'tOU L1ta<pwTlO"pou elvui A6YLOe;, uKa8T]l1aIK6e;. "E10"1 O"uv£Xi~£'tal, m'; a~to~P60"EKT£e; uvaAoyice; : ol i8EOAOYIKOi Kiv8uVOI rtou YEVVLOUVTat ano ilIa 8luO"naO"T] nie; i:vwiae; E8vlKfic; to"'tOpiae; avuflEO"a O"TOUe; a.irovEe;, 8i:v 'tpO).lU~ouv roue <popEl'e; nie; ota<pw'tt<Jl1tVT]e; 8Ewpiae;. ri: aKaOT]l1alKo EvapKTf}pl6 'tOU, 21 'OKTw~piou TOU 1848, 0 N. 1. rUpinoAOe; IltAEl Yla «xuO").la» aVU~l£(Ja o rov aPXalo £AA.T]V1KO K60"1l0 KUt O'TO VEWTEPO: «veoopouvre;», AtEt, «rd 800 8lE<;ncoTa», reou untxouv ).lEm~U roue 800 xtAui8E<; Xp6vw, «~ai UVaO"TpE<pOV'tEe; TOUe; o<p8aAIlOUe; 'tOU uva uscov xUO"l1a'tOe;». R aKuOT]l1aIK~ Eopa I1noPEl va 8WO"Et Kat aHa rsrotc napa8Eiy).lUTa· .1. L. L'tpOUI11tOe;, Ka8T]YT]'tT]e; 'tfie; <l>UO"tKfje;Ili: iO£OA.OY1Ki:C; "ton08E'ti]O"Ele; Ku8E o.>-AO reapa uKpaIEe;, LErr'tEIl~plO 'tOu 1858, O"TOVnpUTaVlK6 'tOU A6yo IltAEI yta Tie; YVWo"Ele; <l>uO"tKfie; "trov apX~iwv Kat 'tCOV ).lETaYEV£o"TEpWV, Kat unA.roe; IlVT]1l0VEUEt "to Bu~QVT10, Ylo. vn rovicst «TT]V O"TUO"tV KUt o1tl0"808p61lT]O"tV IlUA10"TQ TWV £1tlO"TT]llroV» 0"' EKElVU TO.XP6Vtu' M. ITO"tAi]e;, Ku8T]Y1lT1')e; TOU 'EKKAT]O"laO"TlKOU Aucuiou, ).lIAEI O'TOV EVUPKTi]PI6 "tOU,
No~p~pt? 185~ : xwpie; vo. <ptPVEl fj aVUYKT] Tfie; pUIlT]e;, a<pou TOV1O'E_L,on "to Bu~uvno_ 8EV np60"<pEpE 'tl7w"t£ o"TT] 8IEPEUVT]O"T] TOU EKKAT]O'~uO":.tKou ~tKU~OU, npo0"8t"tEt on «npuypu ani<;n~uTOv, 8u?":u~wC; o).lwe; aAT]8EO"TU'tOV, OU8Epiu ETCto"TT]).lOVtKT] ETCl80<Jl,? KUl E~EPY~lU a~a<pu~VETQt Ka8' OAT]V 'tT]\ I1UKpav TUUrnv TC£pLOOOV., E,KT,0C;.OA1Y~V,£~QlPto"EWV, voue; o"TElPOC; KUt ayov~e;, ).lU~T]~He; we; Ent 't~ nOAU aTEA i]e;, O"uvf}8we; 8i: ETClTC6AUlOe;,ETCt ~UO"~ OE, £AAEtljI,te; KplO"EWe;, 11£8680u Kat KUAAl't£Xviue;, ElvQt 6 EV YEVE: X~PQKTT]P TroV Bu~uvnvrov Ku8' OAOUe; O"XE86v TOUe; KAUooue; "tT]e; E1tlO"Ti]IlT]e; Ete; oue; EnE868T]O"uv». KAE[VW TOV 1tiVUKa n~pvw.VTUe; TCEPU.aTC,? TT]V EK,8p~vtO"T] 'tfie; ~auuptKfi<; 8UVUO"TEiue;, us TCPOo"W:r~ TCO~ EXEI mu £TCl~AT]8El o"TT]V 1tV£U~lanKT] KUt K;)lV~VlKT] OA~I1EAEtU 'tOU Kalpou 'tOU, TOV n. KaAAtyii. Ntoc; E1XE U1tOOOKlllaO"Et TT] ~u~uvnvT] 'tEXVT]' TWPU, WplllOe; "to 1868 O"U~T]TWVTUe;ei: llljlWj1tvO rovo Ili: TOV KWVO"TQVTIvo nU~appT]y6~ 1tO~AO Ka"tu~lKu~EI T~V OA~ uTC68£0"T] Tfie; AUTOKpUTOpiue;: «800 nV,a O"tolX~la 1tPWTEUOUV EV TiJ ~usuvnviJ xotvcoviu, all<P6"tEpa OAE8pl,U Kat K~Tao"TpErenKU, O'tUV IlUAIO"Ta ~E~uiwe; O"UYKPOUWVTU~ ~Ul 1tapaO"up~VTUI EK "tfie; oPllfic; 'trov TCu8wv, 6 <pavanO").loe; KUl T] orpcroxprrnn». ME"tay£vtO'TEpa (£s T]O"Eroe; TO 1896) 80. al1~A0VEt Tie; xpios«; "tOU yta "ta 8tllu'ta aUTu. , .<l>UO"t~u" £KElVO,t reoD £PXOV,tal yupw aTCo T1') AOytOO"UV1"], slvm uxoun TCLOaVETCl<pUAaKTOt Kat mo Ka"tT]yopT]llanKoi. '00"T600 475
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to tv31acpspov 1tOU1tpOKaA.o()v, (Stav to 6vo~u tOU~ 3&v EPxetal va MVel J.1& lva EP'YO1tOU va EXe1 KU1tCO~1tl~lcOO'el i1 ~& t ~la 3puO'11 civa'YvcoplO'~SVll,KataVtclel O'Uxva va 1tapouO'lu~el ci1tpoO'co1tO, 'tanO'nKO Oa M'Ya~e xapaKtitpa. Ma.~ tv31acpspel O va ~aOaivou~e on 1tOA.Uvcopi~, 1tpiv ci1to ti~ civtiO'tOlxe~ it~le~iO'l1~~~ tK311A.cOO'el~ 'IaKco~uKll Pi~ou Nspooxon, 6 I:1t. to() BaMta~ Oecopet Xpso~ tOU va Kata31Kucn:l ti~ ciSuva~ie~ ti~ 61toie~ civlxve6el O'tO Bu~uvno, Kai va 1tpoO''YPu'Ve1 aut&~ ti]v 0" 1ttcOO'l1ti'\~ AUtOKpatopia~: «otav 3101Kil to KpUtO~ 6 oivoXOO~,6 KA.e130()Xo~,6 KataK01~10'tit~, 6 cipxltpiKA.1VO~, 67toiav ciA.A.llV EK~aO'lv tiOv 7tpa'Y~utcov 8i>vatai tl~ euM'Yco~ va 7tepl~~vlJ» (1836). 'E7tiO'l1~, lva 6vo~a O'av to() ,Av3psa Pll'Y07tOUA.OU xivet ti]v· 7tpoO'oxit ~a~ otav 31a7t1O'tcOVou~eon 6 t~7tveuO'~sVO~ llatplVo~ TI'YStll~3&v ciO'1tuO'tllKeti]v £vconKi] 31aXPovlKi] OSOl1ciVaCPOP1Ka & to B~uvno (1855). '0 'E~~avoui]A. ' Avre~ vlu311~ ~etpclel, otav O'ti]v tcpll~epi3a roo, ti]v «'AOll vii», t~avtA.et KuOe auO'tllPotllta xpoxeuievou va ~lA.itO'el 11a to Bu~uvno : «'E'YO>vo~i~co», 'Ypucpel to 1857 7tpOKel~svou 'Y1a tOU~ Bu~avnv06~. «on ot dVOPC07tOl utoi ~O'av 7tPOCOP10~SVOl a va euvouxiO'ouv tOV civOpc07t1vOV VO()V». 'nO'toO'o, 1tepaltSpCO, 3&v ~a.~elvct ciSlucpopa 060 cpawo~eva: 1tpiOtov, on it 7tOA.e~lK" tvavtiov ti'\~ ~auaplKi'\~ 3uvaoteia~, 7tOUauto~ata E7talpVe ti] ~opcpi] 7tOA.e~lKi'\~ tvavtiov ti'\~ 7ta~~aolA.eia~, 'Yev1KU,1tapO~llVe Ka1 ti] 3uO'~svela tiOv vScov ci7tsvcvn 0"t0 Bu~uvno. ~&6tepov, Otl it O'tUoll auti] cpavepc00llKe O'ta KpiO'l~a tKeiva xpovla O'av ~la ~60a, it 67toia, 1tOA.U xapaKtllP10"tlKU, O&VKataKaOi~el, 07tCO~dA.A.e~t~u'Vel~, ~eta ti]v 7ttcOoll ti'\~ oOCOV1Ki'\~ ~aolA.eia~. ea ci7taltll0ei ~la ~aKpaOlep'YaO'ia mate ci7to ti]v t91~lKi] auti] ouO'~svela va 1tepuoou~e 0'& ~la tvteA.iO~ dA.A.ll,tvteA.iO~ civtigetll, gecOPllO'l1ti'\~ ~O'alcovlKi'\~ xplO't1aV1Ki'\~ autoKpatopia~. Tptrov, 9a EA.e'YeKavei~ on it t~~ovi] slvm i3ico~ ai0'911ti] O'tOV KOO'~Oti'\~ A.o'Yotexvia~. Ol M'Y101 pittope~ tiOv ~e'YUA.covt~epiOv cpoptcOvouv tou~ M'You~ i tOU~ ~& U~Pl0nKa t7tigeta, «xa~p7teip), «KatU7ttuO'tOl», «31ecp9ap~SY01», Kai ta A.Ol7tU·ol t7t1otit~ove~ 6A.osva Kai A.1'Y0rspo 7taipvouv 9sO'l1, mO'1touva''YiVel ai0'911ti] it O'tpoCPitotO tsA.O~Kai it vio. to7t09stllO'l1. 0{ A.o'YotSxve~ elver, ioico~ tcOpa, 7tOU ~lA.O()V: to opa~a to() cipxaiou KOO'~OU'YiVetal OA.OKai 7tl0 ~COllPO O"ta ~una tOU~, it 7tapouoia ti'\~ cipxaia~ ~vit~11~ osvetat KaAU ~& ta O'uv9it~ata 7tOU ePXOVtal a7to tit ~60'11. ~OA.a elvm ciKo~a 90AU Kai civncpanKu. To 1865 6 KA.tcov Pi~o~ Pa'YKa~i]~f U7tO~UA.A.el tO Bourowcto o ola'YcovlO'~O titv tpa'Ycooia tOU «'IOUA.lavo:; 6 llapa~Utll~», it 67toia 7tpoKaA.ei 7tpOOeKnK&~~apatllpitoel~ to() eio"1'Y11ti'\ci>~ 7tPO~titv avnXP1onavlKit to7t09stllO'it tll~: 6 7t0111tit~ KatSxetal «ci7tO ~E'Ya ai0'911~a t9V10'~0(), Bv £gecOPlloev civa7toO'7taO'tov to() £A.A.llVlO'~o()' it 0&7toA.e~ia tiP £A.A.llVl0~iP~u~avti~ iO'topia £ve7toillO'ev ei~ autov ~too~ ciKpUtlltOV Kata ti'\~ xplO"tlavlKi'\~ 9pllaKeia~, ci>~ aitia~ 7tuvtcov tiOv to() e9vouc; oewrov». '0 O'XOA.laO~O~, tov o 67toio 7tpS7tel va 7tp00'9EO'ou~e Kai to ciVt1Kel~eV1Ko7tveu~a to() eiO'l1'Yllti'\,~a.~ ~011geiva O'uA.M~ou~e titv 7t01K1A.ia troy O"t01XeiCOV ci7tOta 67toia t&iVel va ci7tapt1O'tEi it vEOeA.A.llV1Kit O'uvEiOllO'11. CA~ O'l1~elcOO'ou~eciKO~l1£oro, ~Eoa O'tO iOlO 7tve()~a, on otav to ep'Yo 9a £Ko09ei 0'&tO~O, to 1877, 9a 1tpOKaA.EOel~l1tit~ata 7tOUcptuvouv &~ tit BOUA.it).To 1~0v, it «llU7tloO'a», ~& tit O'at1P1Kit tllC; O"tuO'l1ci1tEVaVt1O'ti]v 'EKKA.llO'ia, elval 'Ye~Utll aix~&~ £vavtiov to() Bu~avtiou. ' A7to to Xpovo auto Kai 1tEpa 9a ~'Yaivel to «' Att1KOV 'H~epoM'Yl0V», 07tOU O'uxva 6 £K06tllC; tou Eipllvaio~ ,AO'c07t1o~9a exe1 ti]v eUKalpia va £K311A.cOVel ti]v civt19pllO'1CeUt1KittOU 01ugeO'l1, it 67toia, ciA.A.coO'te, ci'Y'Yi~elKai ciA.A.aKateO'tll~tva. 'nO"toO'o, 7tepvcOvta~ dA.M, ~7topo()~e va O'taOori~e O'tOV I:1t. BaO'lA.e1Uoll: 7taipvovta~ cicpop~i] ci7to til «MeA.ttll 7tepi tori ~iou tiOv VeCOtEpcov'EA.A.itvcov» to() N. r. lloA.itll (1871), ~e~alcOvel otl -«tMX10'ta civa'Yvcopi~etal 6 pu1tapos xapaKtitp ei~ ta 'Yvitola i1911 to() O'l1~ep1Vo()e9vou~», Ka90>~ <<to cipXatov KUA.A.O~i~uopro~ civecpaiveto U1tOtitv ~u~avc nvi]v O'l11teMva». Kai teA.el9>VOU~e~& ~la i31COt1Ki]£7t1O'tOA.i] to() ~. B1KtA.a, tU7tlKO()£K1tPOO'C01tOU 6p~11t1Ki'\~ ~e'YaA.oati'\~
476
O't1Ki'\~ 'Yevea.~: «As'Youv nv&~ 7tepi Xptoncviouot, Ei~ ti]v 'Vuxitv uoo ai09uvo~al 7tpO 7tUVtCOV ·EA.A.llV» (1876)~ I~TOPI~MO:E ,AA.AU7ta.pUA.A.llA.a til 'Ypa~~i] autit ~A.t7tou~e Kai ~la J.1& ciA.A.ll ~la'Ypucpetat OA.O 7tl0 evtova ~sO'a Ota XPOV1Kato() va Kai vsou £A.A.llV10'~0().na va til olaKpivou~e Ka9apa 7tpt7tel va civax90()~e 0'&7taA.al0tepa XPovla, otav to K6~a to() CP1A.EA.A.llV1O'~o() cipxi~el va ci7tOtpa~lStal ~eta tOY 'A 'YcOva, ft va ot vel t07tO 0& £KOllA.cOO'el~ ci7tOOOK1~aoiac,.'H a7to'YoitteUO'l1ci7to ti]v teA.1Ki] eK~aO'l1troy O'U~l1titO'ecov'Y1a tit xupa~l1 trov ouvopmv tou £A.A.llV1KO() Kparooc, it ai0911011 ~1a.~ 1tpol060'a~ a7tO~eVcOO'&ro~ ci7totit ~6011, oA.a auta ~a~i ouvteA.oriv 0'&~la ~a9~laia usta~oA.i] ti'\~ £A.A.llV1Ki'\C; 1tpoo7tt11Ci'I~.'H ~6011 ecpepve tOY ciolaCPOP10~0' it ci7to'Yoitteuoll, it ai0'9110'11ti'\~ ci7to~ovcOO'eco~, 7t0£ usvo ~tav va ~U7tvitO'ouv ~EO'a oto U1tOOUVel0lltOtroy civ9pcO7tCOV ~vi'\~c; ~1a.~ KU7t01ac;9pllO'KeUt1KOtlltaC;, ehe va 7tapaKlvncoov dA.A.ouc;va 7tpO~UA.OUV tEtOlOU eioou~ 7tapll'Yopie~ i1 U7tOKatuO'tata. re'Yovo~ slvat, 1tUVtCO~, n Kl0A.ac; y6pco O'tO o 1840 KU7tOtec; XPllO'~0A.0'Y1K&~ CPP1KtUOet~ otatptxouv tOY U7tOOOUA.O £A.A.llV10'~O· ~7tOpet va £VtO'x6911Kav ci7to ti~ tPEt~ £K06O'Ele;to() 'A'Ya9aneA.OU, ciA.AU o,n ~spou~ 'Yta ~E~alO slvm ott O'xeti~OVtal ~E ti~ tOUpKoal'YU7tt1aK&~otacpop&~ troY xpovcov £KelVCOV' oA.a aut a O'~i'Youv 0'&7tA.s'Y~ata tiOv 67toicov ti~ ciKpec; slvm O6oKOA.ova O'uA.A.u~etKavei~ oA.e~. Ilcvrox, ro~ 7tpOe;ti~ O'UveloitO'et~, ai0'911tit alvei, £Keivll titv mpa, 'Y6pcoOtO 1840, ~la O'tpocpit 7tpO~ titv Icroptc Kai 7tPOC;OY Ioroptouo, tit CPlt A.oO'ocpiati'\~ iO'topiac;' it to7t09ttllO'l1 tori £A.A.llVtKOupatvo~vou < ~sO'a OtOV 7ta'YKoO'~to xropo: 1839, r. KO~UKll~ - TU7tuA.oo~, «<I>lA.OOOCP1KOV ~oKi~10V 7tepi ti'\e; xpoodou Kai ti'\~ 7ttcOO'ECOC; ti'\c; 7taA.ala.c;'EA.A.aooC;»· 841, MUPKOC; evlspll~, «~oKi~10V <l>1A.0001 P cpiae; ti'\~ 'Ioroptcc»: 1842, r. llevtUOlle; ~up~apll~, «~OKi~lOV nspi 01touoi'\~ ti'\~ tcroptcc»: 1845, M. Pevtspnc, «Ti Elval 'EA.M~; 'AvatoA.i] i1 ~601C; .». Td cpatvo~eva aUta ~7topou~e va ta 7tapaKoA.ou9itoou~ xui ciP'YOtEpa, ~& £A.attco~Evll ~tf3ala 1tUKVOtllta' O'l1~etcOVcotUVtCO~,ott to 1852 6 I:7t. Za~7ttA.to~ 7 al0'9uvetat ti]v civu'YKllva ovo~at0getitO'Et «£7ti to £A.A.llV1KcOrspov» til CP1A.ooocpiati'\~ Ieroptcc, Kai 1tMget lva VEOA.O'Y1ouo, 7tOUciK06etat Kai cipyotepa, li~ elvrn 7tuvtote ~& tp07tO KU7tro~ 7tep19roptaKo: ti]v «Icroptovouiu». 'A vrtoroi xa 7toA.A.ai voov ol {O'topto'YpacptK&~ ~eA.ste~, oi 61toie~ ~uA.tO'ta exouv 1tOA.UiOlu~oVte~ xapaKti'\pec;: ci'Yri~ouv O'U'Y1CeKpt~tva7tpo~A.it~ata, 7tOU elvat it 7tept'Ypacpi] tiOv 7tpOOOCOV VEOU£A.A.llVtO'~OU otacpopou~ tO~Ei~ 7tatoela~, to() 0& it oUOXEttoll to() vsou £A.A.llVtO'~ori & tOY cipXaio, it civtiKPOU~ 0'11ti'\~ gecopia~ tori Fallmerayer. 'H vsa 'EA.Moa eopatcOVEtat. M7topo()~e va cipXiO'ou~ ~& tori lltttUKll «L'Ancienne Atbenes», 1835' it ~evo'YA.coooia, 0" aihi] ti]v7tepi7ttcoO'l1 elval £7ti0'11~xapaKtllP10'ttKit : «Neugriechisches Leben», 1840' A. lla7ta067touA.o~ Bpettoc;, «SuI progresso e sullo stato attuale della pubblica istruzione in Grecia», 1841' 'AvaO'tuO'toc; recoP'Y1uoll<; AeuKiae;, «'A vatpo7tTJ troy oo~aO'uvtcov, 'Ypa'Vuvtcov Kai t67tot<; KOtVCOVllO'UVtCOV, ouoei<; tiOv v()v ti]v 'EA.A.uoa 01K06vtcov Ot1 ci7to'YovoC;tiOv cipXaicov 'EA.A.itvcov £otiv~) (cipxata £A.A.llVtKU, ~& civtiototxo A.at1VtKOKei~evo, 'YA.coO'OOA.O'YtKa £7t1xetpit~ata Kata Fallmerayer), 1843' K. lla7tappll'Y07tOUA.O~, «llepi ti'\<; £7tOtKitcn:CO~ I:A.a~tKiOv t1vrov CPUA.rovi~ ti]v lleA.o7tOvvllO'Ov», e 1843. 'E3ro O&V~a.~ £votacpspouv, 'Ytati elvat oi7tA.a, ci7tA.ro~, oto 9s~a ~a~, 360 Katll'Yopie~ ol1~oO'leU~UtCOv,ta 67toia 7tA.ll9aivouv £Ketva ta xpoVta: 00'0. civacpspovtat O'tOV 'A'YcOva, 7tPOO'C07tlKt~iva~vitO'el~ i1 iO'toplO'Ypacptd<; ci7to1tetpe~, Kai iSO'a c ciO'XoA.o()Vtal ~t tTJV t07t1KTJ 10'topto'Ypacpia' O'l1~etcOVCO, ~ovo, iSn ~tO'a ota teA.eutata aOtu, 67tco~ Ka1 O't ciA.A.a011~001e6~ato. ti'\~ £7tOxi'\~, cipxi~et va ota'Ypucpetal tKeivo 1tOU9a rivet ciP'Yotepa A.ao'YpacptKTJepeuva, O'UO'xtt1O'11 ~t toV ciPXaio ~io KA.7t.
Md iJ Ep&uva ti'j~ Irrropiuc, to ~SPOUJ.1& KtOAa~ U1tOtOV Herder (1tpI3A. ToJ.1. lA', CJ&A. 41), 6OTl'YeiKat&~oxi)v EK&iva ta Xpo3 vin 1tPO~ til CJUV&iOllCJll E9vtKi'j~ U1toCJtoAi'j~. na ti)v SAAllti'j~ VtKi) {o&oAoyia, iJ Evvota auti) 9a MI3&t J.1ta1tOA\)J.1&yuAllCJllJ.1aotu: YAuko~ Kai EA1ttoocpopo~ 6paJ.1attCJJ.10~, iCJXupo~ cppoVTJJ.1attCJJ.10~YU1til Y&V&aiJ 61toia 1tpoxoop&i 1tPO~ til OpuCJll, 1tapllyopta Kqi J.1&tu9&CJllti'j~ &ueuvll~ yta EK&ivou~ 1tOU CP&uyouv. IIoAu<niJ.1aVtll Kai iJ Evvota to\) 1tpooptCJJ.10\), 1tpoCJcpsp&tat CJf; 1toAAa1tAE~ SPJ.111V&i&~ CJUV&1tro~O"ti)v E~U1tllpstllCJll 1tOtKai lCiAoov, otacpop&ttKrov, 'l'UxoAoytKrov ft 1tV&UJ.1attKrovuvaYKrov. To avOtYJ.1a 1tPO~ til X&PO&ptICi)otoaCJ1CaAia, Kata ti)v 61toia Kae& Aao~ EX&t J.1ta OtKiJ tOU U1tOO"tOA:Ii, va OtKO tOU 1tPOOptE CJJ.1o EKt&AsCJ&tJ.1sCJaCJti)v Ierrcptu to\) uv9pro1tou, 1tpoCJcpsP&t va KaAi) l3uCJllCJE0, tt 9a OV0J.1uCJouJ.1& cptAoCJocptKO iCJtoptoV0J.1tICO ft CJtoXaCJJ.10·uAM Kai 1ttO 1tspa, uvoiyovta~ 1tpOO1tttKE~ 1tpO~ til ~t&P&UVllCJllti'j~ iOtotu1tia~ to\) Ku9& AaO\) ~CJa U1tO ta s9tJ.1u rou, ta tpayouota tOU, sOlVe Aal3i). CJti)v SA~l1VtKi) CJUV&iOllCJll Va uvax9&i CJta Evoo~a upxaia 1t&paCJJ.1svaKai va E~U1tllP&tiJCJ&t Kai U1tO iiAA&~ U1tO'l'&t~ ti)v tpauJ.1attCJJ.1SVll SA.A.llVtlCi)'l'UXT)· "Oruv, to 1867, 9a 1tPOICllPuX9&i 6 PooOKaVUK&tO~ Atayoovt0'J.10~ J.1f;9sJ.1a ti)v 1t&ptypacpi) trov V&O&AAllVtKrov E9iJ.1oovKai ti)v UVttl3oAT) tOU~ 1tPO~ ta upxaia, vtro9&t Kav&i~ Ott yta aAAll J.lta cpopa sPxovtat stCJt va (J\)vavt1190\)V 9&ooPllttKE~ uva~l1tT)CJ&l~ J.1f;1ttO iiJ.1&CJ&~, E9vtKS~, UVllCJuxi&~. To y&yov~, ott iJ O'lCS\jfllto\) olayooviCJJ.1ato~ l3yaiv&l CPaV&paU1tO to 1tv&\)J.1ato\) Koovatavtivou 'ACJoo1tiou, ott Kap1tO~ aOti'j~ ti'j~ 1tPOCJ1tU9&1~~ ea slvm to spyo to\) N. r. IIoAitll, aOtO 1tOUJ.1VllJ.10V&UtllK& KtOAa~ EOro,Kai Ott, uKoJ.1a, J.1sCJaU1tOaOto otaypucp&tat to J.1&AAOVt\1(O CJxi'jJ.1ati'j~ AaoypacptlCi'j~ E1ttO"tT)J.111~, ti'j~ E1ttCJtT)J.111~ 011AaOi) iJ 61toia Kat&~oxi)v uvta1toKp{911K& CJtO V&0&AAllV1KO .\jfuXtCJJ.1o,QAa aOta o&ixvouv Qtt otv 1'jtav uovo J.1ta O&oopia, 8CJtooKai elOtKa yOllt&uttKT), CJti) l3uCJll QAll~ aOti'j~ ti'j~ Icroptcc, -Eva~ K6CJJ.10~6AOKAllPO~, Eva~ i016ppu9J.10~ 'l'uxlCJJ.16~, 9a E~U1tllP&t119&iJ.1ttnV il1toO&CJllto\) «1tpooptO'J.10\)) ti'j~ «U1toCJtOAi'j~», K6CJJ.10~ J.1sO'aCJtOV61toio CJJ.1iyouvta 1taAla Kai ta xmvoupta, ol iiJ.1&CJ&~ uvayICatotllt&~ J.1EICatal3oMo&~ 1tO\) uvuyoVtal O'E1tapOXllJ.1SVOU~ airov&~. Mv elvui J.16vo iJ J.1VT)J.111 upxaioov trov E1tt06CJ&oov,yta ti)v 61toia ~spOUJ.1&CJT)J.1&pa tt CJEICaJ.11aO"ttyQ J.li] OEVU1tSAl1t&rov SA~.l1VtCJJ.10 UKoJ.1a Kai CJti~ 1tt0 OpaJ.1attKt~ Kai CJti~ 1ttO aKOt&tVE~ WP&~ tOU : &ival Kai EKollA..chCJ&t~ 1tot> ~svouv J.1Eti~ J.1&tay&vsCJt&P&~ E~&Ai~&t~roo. XapaKtllP1CJttlCi) dvat iJ yvroP,l1 to\) opovuiou ICai 9&ttKO\) N1KOMou I:ocptavo\), ti]v (moia 1tPS1t&t va to1t09&tT)CJouJ.1& yupoo CJtO 1540 : «QAa» , YPucp&t, «&ivat OUVata CJtO ysvo~ trov PooJ.1aioov, J.16vov va 9~AOuv, E1t&tOi]6 9&0~ tot>~ EXUP1CJ& 'xouv cpuCJtVE1tttll0&tOt&va pav U1t' OAa ta iiAAa s9Vll». 'EIC&ivou~ tot>~ KatpOU~, Kai ta I3tPAia &Ivat Aiya Kai oi UCPOPJ.1E~ tStot&~ Y&V1KE~9&ooPT)CJ&1? Yla . E7tiO'l1~1toM CJ7tUVt&~'otav QJ.1oo~ 1C&PUCJOUJ.1& airova 1COU crtov J.l~~ Evolacpsp&t, oi E~UPCJ&l~to\) tU1tOU aoto\) 1CUKVroVOUV J.1f; tetolO tP01tO rocrt& va cpaveprovouv ti)v u1tap~l1 SVO~ \jfUXtKO KPaoaCJJ.1o\), 6 61COio~ J.17topei &uKoAa va 6OmT]CJet ti]v E9vtKry O'UV&iOllCJllcrti]v 1t&1toiOllCJll yta lCU1Cota iotaitepll U1tOO'toA,l1 to\) tAAllVtKO\) Aao\). I:t Eva I3tl3AtapuKt to\) 1807, 01tOU 6 AOyo~ y\a ti]v <EAMoa, J.1a9aivouJ.1e Qtt «ta tSKVa tll~, U1C&peXOUv», KA1t. To 1813, 6 l3apU9uJ.1o~ B&VlaJ.1iv 6 AeCJl3to~ 13&l3atrov&t tt Q " <EXMoa otv &Ival CJav QA&~ti~ xroP&~' upy6t&pa, E~uAAou, 9~ tovOO\)J.1& 1tro~ E1CaVSPX&tatCJti]v 1CImoi911CJllaotT). <H KatOAtCJ9T)all aAAoocrt&, &Ivat &UKOAllU1tO tOY uPXaio ()"tov J.1&tay&veCJtepo SAAllVtCJJ.16: otav 6 K. OiKov6J.10~J.1tAei yta ti] J.1&yaAocpuia. troy <EAAT]VooV,o 1817, Kai ypucp&t Qtt t&A&to1CoilCJav t l ~<QAa~, ta~ KaM~ tsxvap>, : KaAAt&pyei til crU'YXPoVll E9~tKi] \)7tepll<Puv&ta, J.1tA..chvta~yta tot>~ upxaio~. <0 B&vtaJ.1lV 6 J\sCJI3~, 1tpiv UK6J.111 7tOtOV ' Ayrova, ypucp&t Qtt «iJ cpuO't~»... U «£9&to oj)ta ei~ ta 1tu911 troy AOt1troVuv9pronoov, 1CAtlVc5Xt Kai &i~ta troy <EAAT]yoov.Ot ·EAAllV&~ otv U1C&K&tVtO outs to TCUAat, o\5t& to V\)V ei; tOt>~ v6J.10\)~ ti'j~ cpuCJ&oo~»1820). Mt tOV 'A yro(
va, Q1too~1'jtav S1t0J.1&VO, tOVO~ u\jfrov&tat UK0J.1111C&PtCJCJOt&PO' 6 J.11COPO\)J.1& 1tUAt va uvacp&p90\)J.1&CJtOV K. OiKOv6J.10, Qtav Kai Ae&t to 1828 Qtt «ei~ ti)v <EAMoa &UpiOK&tal to mlV», aAM iCJoo~ Kai va t&A&troCJOUJ.1& tOY 'A9avuCJto 'PaAioa, CJta t&J.tt A&utaia: XP6vta: ti'j~~ooi'j~ tOU, Qtav SA&Y& iJ CPUCJll &i~ ti)v Qtt « UVootutllV l3a9J.1ioa ti'j~ KAiJ.1aKo~ to\) uv9poo1tivou yevou~ KateCJtllCJ&V tot>~ -EAAllVa~», Kai rtpoCJs9&t& xaJ.1oy&Arovta~ : «J.1&ta OE tou~ -EAAllva~ i;pxovto ol iiyy&Aot». Bel3ata, J.1&ta tOY 'Ayrova, Qtav cptuCJOUJ.1& CJta xpovta ta 61toia: J.1d~ u1taCJxoAo\)V EOro, 1tAll0aivouv ol EKollA..chCJ&t~ to\) tU1tOU aoto\), &it& 1tpo&pX6J.1&v&~U1tOYVCOCJtt~ 7tpoCJoo1CtKotllt&~ strs U1tO uyvroCJtOU~, ol 61toiot EtCJt EKCPPU~ouv J.1sCJou~opou~' ot otatu1troCJ&t~ tuxaiv&t va yivOvtal 1tOAU 1tto EVtOV&~, 1toM . nto Ka:tllyoPllJ.1a:ttlCs~ : «J.1uCJtT)Ptov 6 av9poo1CO~»' «J.1uCJtT)Ptov J.1UCJtllpiou 6 -EAAllv iiv9poo1t0~» (1845)' «slvct 9&io~ iiv9poo1to~», «9&0~ E1ti ti'j~ yi'j~» (1847). "Eerncs iJ ropa va UKoUCJt&i xui «6 1t&PlOUCJtO~to\) XptCJtO\) Aao~» (1848)' «6 1t&ptouCJtO~ Aao~ to\) Kopioo» (1863, 1866)' to 1874 CJllJ.1&trovoo Evav UKaOllJ.1atKO OtO«CJKaAo CJti)v 1tpoot&uouO'o. Kai EvaV iiCJllJ.10 EIC1tatO&uttKo CJta J.1SPllto\) 130ppd va J.1tAO\)V Kai ol ouo yta tOY «1C&PlOUCJ10» Aao. ·OJ.1oo~1ttO CJK01tlJ.10cpaiv&tat, ucpT)vovta~ ti~ y&vtKotllt&~, va 1tdJ.1&1tPO~ ttlv EvvOta to\) 1tPOOptCJJ.10\),ti'j~ EVtOAi'j~, tf\~ U1tOCJtOAi'j~'ot tetot&~ fvvot&~ &ivat 1C10CJUYK&KPtJ.1SV&~, UAM., Y1(l iiAAll J.1ta cpopu, E1tttPS7tOUV 1CoAAa1CAE~ SPJ.111V&is~ uCPO\) : 1tpoCJ1ta9T)CJouJ.1& ti; KooOtIC01tOtT]CJoUJ.1& va KU1Coo~, 1CpoCJ1ta9T)9a CJoUJ.1& Ka90piCJouJ.1& til CJX&ttKT)tOU~ 1CUKVOtllta. va Tpstc, Kupioo~, 6J.1uo&~ 9a OteKptVa: J.1ta 1CProtll, 01tOU iJ Evvota to\) 1tPOOptCJJ.10\)Ka90pi~&tat U1COto xropo: «U1tO til y&ooypacptKT)tll~ 9sCJll iJ <EAMoa» KA1C.<H 0&Ut&pllKa90pi~&tal U1COto xp6vo, U1tO ti)v teroptc : ta spya troy 1Cpoyovoov 011J.1toupyO\)VU1COXP&roCJ&t~ tOU~ E1Cty6vou<;' 6 pOAo~ tOY 61toio yta s1tat~& iJ <EAMoa J.1eCJaCJttlv 'Ieropin ti]v 1tpoopi~&t yta lCU1tota spya' i'I UK0J.111 ol 1tp6yovoi J.1a~ ~&JCivllCJav Eva ~pyo, 1tOU : yta KU1COtO~ AOYOU~SJ.1&tv& ut&A&iooto' iiCPllCrav CJtOU~ u1toy6vouc ti)v EVtOAi] va to 6AoKAllProCJOUV. nAo~, U1tUPX&tKai iJ Ka9apro~ U1t&Pl3attKtl svvota, SVO~1CPOOPtCJJ.10\) Ka90piCJtll1COU IC&U1tO lCU1tOla uvrot&Pll OUVaJ.111, .1td~ EvtOAi'j~ 7tot> 06911K&, J 1tapoJ.1Ota, U1tOJ.1ta uvrot&Pll OUvaJ.111. ai ti~ tpei~ EVVOt&~J.11tOK PO\)J.1& ti~ 00\)J.1& va CJta KelJ.1&Va ti'j~ E1tOXi'j~ti]v 61toia J.1&A&tdJ.1&, UA.A.a,cpuCJtlCU, .1t ti~ u1tapaitllt&~ aipeCJ&t~: U1tO til J.1ia CJti)v J aA.A.ll ol KatoAtCJ9T)CJ&t~OEValvei CJ1CUVt&~, CJuxva u1tavto\)v Kai CJtOU~iOtou~ 9&ooPllttKOU';, CJt OtucpoP&~ n&pt1ttroCJ&t~, ft KUnOt& Kai CJttlV iOta, 1t&pvrovta~ uno til J.1ta u7t6XPooCJll crttlv iiAAll' 1tapuAAllAa 9a 7tO\)J.1& Kai ol SVVOt&~OEV slvct CJooCJtOva Qtt U1toJ,lovoo90\)v aUCJtllPU, ytati a1Co ti]v ropa 1COUyiv&t Myo~ yta J.1ta 1tpovota, &UKOAO&Ivat va Ka90ptat&i Qtt U1tO E1C&iVll 0l1J.1tOUPyT)0l1K& (J\)YK&KPtJ.1tVO~ xropo~ ft 6 CJUYK&KptJ.1eVO~ 6 Xpovo~ J.1sCJa: JtOU~61toiou~ KtVT)911Kav ta cpatvoJ.1&va. nAO~, C CJK61ttJ.10&Ivat UK6J.111va 1tapatllP119&i ott iJ 'l'uxpi] 9&roPllCJll ti)v 6noia 1CpOCJCPSP&t y&ooypacptKtl ft· J.1ta iCJtOptKi] 1tpOOJ.1ta nttKi) ot CJuYKpiv&tat J.1Ettlv 9tPJ.111ti)v 61toia J.11top&i va EJ.11tV&uCJ&t" un&pl3attKi) t01t09StllCJll to\) ~l1tT)J.1atO~· Kai ta 1C&ptCJtattKa yta 'ta 61toia yiv&tat AOYo~ EOro avacpspoVtal CJf; E1tOXi) ~UJ.1ooJ.1SVll U1tO CJuvatCJOllJ.1attCJJ.10. IIuvt~ iJ svvota to\) 1tPOOptCJJ.10\),Kai oCJ&~CJuJ.1napoJ.1apto\)V CJ' aotT), <paivovtat va aVT)KOUVaJl&CJa CJtOV 'l'UXtKO xropo to\) EiKOoteva' upK&i va 9uJ.11190\)J.1& tOY <DtAT]J.10VaKai tOY <Dpavt~T), otav ucpt&pcl>vouv crtov w0900va spya tOU~ 1COUE~aipouv tOY ' Ayrova. IIp6K&ttat, aAA..coCJt&, ta J.1ta Evvota t6CJo y CPUCJtKa &J.1evllJ.1t til oo~oMYllCJll yta Ka9& O'l1J.1avttKtl EICOT)O AooCJllJ.1td~uvrot&Pll~ &uvota~, mat& snoJ.1&vo 1'jtav va cpavei U1tO nOAu voopi~: to tUJ.1a CJtOV I:ootT)pa EX&t 7tapoJ.1ota UPXT)' ot AOytOt otv EXouv 1Capa va uKOAou9T)CJouv UVUAOYllypaJ.1J.1T). <0 rp. I:&POUtO~ CJt QAll til J.1aKpa OtOaKttKi) CJtaolOopoJ.1ia tOU, upxi~ovta~ uno to 1833, otv 1CaU&tva E~aip&t ti]V aiCJ911CJll to\) 1CPOOptCJJ.10\)' J.11tOPO\)J.1&, oi1tAa crti]v ucp&tllpia, va CJllJ.1&troCJoUJ.1& UKOJ.1a:o 1835, to 1846, 1847, 1848. Ai1CAa CJtov EKnatt 0&uttK6, 9a E1tp&1C& K0J.111 CJllJ.1&too90\)v U va Kai iiAA&~ XapaKtllPtCJttKt~ 1C&Pt1ttroCJ&t~ 1toAtttKoi, Qnoo~ &ioaJ.1&tOV KooA.ettll, ,:
477
A. PllY01tOUAO: «ti)v yfjv taUtllv 0 0eo~ &ptO'ev <1KP01tOAW tIDV~eyuM:.ov1tpOOptO'~IDV»(1845)· 0 'iOtO~, O'ti)v 'iOta 1tepiO'taO'l1, ~tAei YU1 «vsn <11toO'tOAi)ii~ tnllvtKii~ t9votllto~», ft, <1KO~l1,AEet YU1ti)v t 'EAAaoa Qn «toIDgev 0 0eo~ pu9~i~et to ~ii~a tfj~ <1v9pro1tOtllroc». «Nsoi», ~ava1taipvet OeKa1tEVte xpovta <1pyotepa, «at0'9uve0'ge l"i)v <1n;oO'toAi)vtOU TJ~etEpOu yEVOU~». ~tO <1KaOll~alKo t1ti1teoo O'~iyouv 1tpoO'romKotllte~ 1tspa YU1 1tEpa <1vtigete~, Kai <1vn~axo~eve~, linroO'te, 01tro~ 0 N. ~api1toAo~ Kai 0 Kccvcrcvttvoc IIa1tappllyo1tOUAo~. '0 1tPIDto~ <1ya1tO:etauti) ti)v EVVOW,Kai t1taVEPxetat Kata otaO'tTJ~ata 0" auti], 150'0 Kai liv <paivetat ~OAt~ <1xva Kpatll~Evll a1to ti)v 01..11 oOJli)tfj~ ~wgeropia~ rou : to 1849 ypu<pet yta ti)v 'EnMa on «1tE<pUtatva ~ij <1loiro~tvepyouO'a ti)v toiav i'I ti)v ~IDvliAArov t9vIDv 1tpoooov»" apyotepa, tYKaipro~ o~~ aKo~a oo~ 1tpo<; liAAe~ t~eAi~et~ O'ti)v tK1toAtnO'nKi) 1tpoO'1tugeta tou tAAllVtO'I.lOU,~ava1taipvet to O'uv911~a tou KroAEttll Kai ypu<pet on TJ 'EAAaoa «1tporoptO'tat va tK1tOAtiO'l] ti)v 'A vatoA i)v» (1865). t '0 KrovO'tavtivo~ IIa1tappllYo1toUAO~ a1to vropi~, ~& to O'tevo tOU O'uvoeO'~o Kai 1tpO~ tOY K. ~X\Va xtri 1tpO~ tOY KroAEttll, 1tOUO'uvetEAeO'av xni ot 060 <11to<paO'tO'nKa O'ti)v t~EAt~l1 tii~ O'taowopo~ia<; tOU, ~AE1tet tOY t9VtKO 1tpOOptO'~o 01tro~ tOY e10av Kai tKeivm· 9u~i~ro ti)v KpiO'l1 tOU yta ti)v «KrovcrcvnVOU1tOAll» ~KapAutou Bu~avtiou. 'AAAa O'a<pEO'tepa,Kai yta tOU til otatU1troO'l1Kai yta ti)v t1tiO'l1~l1 &pa Kat a ti)v o1toia AEYOVtat t1tuvro erov Kpuintxo 1toAe~o, 0'& <1KaOll~atKo tvapKti]pio, slvci ta oO'a EAsye to 1854 yta «060 ~eyuAa~ iotopu(a~ tvtoM~» ti<; o1toie~ tK1tAi]proO'e 0 tnllVtO'~O<;, 1tP00'9EtOVta~ on «'iO'ro~KEKAlltat va tK1tAllProO'l] Kai liAAllV rptrnv». Auta, 'iO'ro~alvei KaM va ta OAoKAllproO'ou~e <11tO ti)v <1KaOll~atKi) 1tAeupa ~t tOY Tlerpo BputAa ' Apusvn, 0 o1toio~ to 1872 ol1~oO'teuet ~eAEtll~a ~& tOY titAo «Ilspi tii~ to'toptKii~ <11t0O'toAii~ tOU tAAllVtO'~OU»,Kat ~&tOY NtKoAao Aa~aAa, 0 o1toio~ to 1878 1tpoO'1tagei va 1tpoO'owpiO'et 1t0\0<; elvor 0 «npooptO'~O~» tOU tAAllVtKOUyEVOU~. nan ~a~ ~EVet <1KO~l1, 1tpo<;to 9E~a tOUtO, vd t~etuO'ou00<; ue Eva Ae1tte1tiAe1tto ~i]tll~a, O'tO nooocro 01tOUuxopet xuvsic va to 1tpoO'1teAaO'et ~&KU1tO\a<1O'<puAeta, ti)v to1t09EtllO'l1 tii~ tnllVtKfj~ 1toAtteia~, tii<; AUAii~, <11tEVaVn O'tO vOll~a tou 1tpOOptO'~ou. KtoAa<; to 1837, Aiyou~ ~iive~ ~eta t1)v 1tpoO'AaAta tou ~Xwa, 011~0O'teuOtav to TJ~te1tiO'l1~oxetusvo 1tOU ~a~ EXet KtoAa~ a1taO'xoAi]O'et xni 1tOU <paivetat va tK<ppu~et til ~oUAllO'l1tfj~ IIoAtttia<;· O'tO xsiusvo auto 1tepvuet t1taVetAll~~Eva to vOll~a tOU 1tpOOPtO'~ou : Kata tOY avrovu~o O'uyypa<pEa tOU <punaoiou, liv t~aO'<paAtO'tei TJ<11tOAUtll 1Ve~aptllO'ia <11tO < Kuge ~EvllKll0e~ovia, tote 9a ~1tOpEO'etva (<1tAllPro9ij 0 1tOAtnKo~ tii~ "EAMoo<; 1tPOOptO'~o~ tv ~EO'q>tIDV t9vIDv». ·E~t xpovta ~eta Exou~e O'ti)v 'E9voO'UvEAeuO'l1,t1tiO'l1~a, 1tapo~ote<; t~ayyeAie<; tou KroAEttll yta tOY 1tpooptO'~o tOU ~aO'tAeiou· t1tavro O'ta KptJlatKU, Exou~e, KaM ~aptupll~EvO, to A6yo tii<; ,A~aAia~, 1i o1toia 0l1);,roveton «to E9vo~ EXet ~eyuAllv <11toO'toAi)v d<; ti)v 'AvatoAi)v Kai 0 ·09rov ti)v <1VeOEx911»1854). ( Aiyo <1pyotepa EPxetat Eva liAAo <1vrovu~o <puAMow, auto <11t0Ka9ap<1 aUAtKi) E~1tVeuO'l1,Kai 01tOU TJ EvvO\a tOU 1tpOOPtO'~ou e1vat <1ouIKo1ta O'E t~ExouO'a 9EO'l1: «<11tOtii~ ~tKpa~ tautll<; 1tepwxii<; tii~ Yii<;,<11tO 'EAMoo<;, AEYro,1tept~EVetat tii~ o 1tOAtno~O~ Kai TJ ";9tKi) <1va~op<proO't<; tIDV <11toAtteutrov tii~ ,AO'ia<; t9vIDv»· 0 0eo<; e1vat 1tOU«1tporoptO'e to tAAllVtKOv E9vo~» yta ta ~eyuAa auta Epya. ·EKOllAO e1vat Qn to lmep~anKo O'tOtXeio 1tapouO't~et til ~yiO'tll 1tUKVOtllta ava<poptKa ~ ta 9E~ata aotu. ot <1vnppi]O'et<; lmupxouv, e1vat EVtOve<;,Kai <paveprovouv, <11tO ~ta li1tO'l'l1 ti)v EKtaO'11 tou <pa\vo~EvoU Kai <11tOti)v til liAAll to <10tUK01tO 1tatxviotO'~a tIDV 9EO'erov Kai tIDv <1Vn9EO'erov, to xapaKtllptO'ttKo QArovtIDv xpovrov ot o1toiot ~a~ <11taO'xoAouv tOID, 1tepi1tou &<; to ·tEAo<; tii~ 1teptooou. To 1850, Muw, ot <1vayvffiO'te~tii~ t<pll~epioac; «' A911Va» ~1topouO'av va ota~uO'ouv til ouO'<popia tOU <1p9poypu<pou tll<; yta til ~etuO'ta0'11auti) tIDV t9VtKroV tA1tiorov 0'& xropou~ lmep~anKou~ : «0 478
i'I 01t(O~,0'& liAAll tvn:AID~ to1t09EtllO'l1, ·tOV
Ilpoopiouoc», O'xoAtu~et, «0 IIpoOptO'~o<; tii~ 'EAMoo~»" aAAa liv t~aKoAougei, AEet, to iow 1tveu~a to cnuepwo '>Vapu9~i~et ti)v t9VtKi) 1topeia, 0 1tpOOPtO'~o<;auto<; 9a alvei «1ttroO't<;, <1oo~ia, oouAeia». To 1852 0 ~1t. Za~1tEAw~ 1tapatllpei Qn «at AE~et~ <11toO'tOAi],1tpOOptO'~o<;, <puAi] 1taAtyyeveO'ia, 1ta, veAAi]vwv, 1tepteA90uO'at 1tUvtrov ta O'to~ata», «Kati]vtllO'av ftoll tetpt~~EVat».
'H 8pT)<rKEia II
'nO'toO'o, e'ioa~e on auti) TJ <1vwuO'a O'uvouu~etat a1to 1taAatotepa ~E ~ta 01..0 Kat mo EVtOVll 9plloKeunKi) a1taO'xo1..110'11, O't<1uO'tepa xpovta, ta t~aptll~Eva a1to tOY KpuiatKai KO1toAe~o, ~E til O'U~1tOPeuO'l1 t9VtKii~ 'l'uxii<; Kai tfj<; 09rotii~ VtKii~ ~aO'tAeia~. To 9pllO'KeunKo ~iro~a, 01tOUO'uO'xeti~ovtat P01ti) 1tpO~ ti)v KAllPtKO<PpoO'UVll XPllO'~oAoyia Kai AatKE~ ~E 9pllO'KeunKE<; Kwi]O'et<;, to <1<pi]O'a~eupro O'to 1838. Mxopony us va to O'uvexiO'ou~e Xropi<;OtaK01ti], <1<poutOY t1to~evo Xpovo <1pXi~ouv ol otro~et~ tvavtiov tOU 0eo<piAou Kutpn , ol o1toie<; 9a O'uveXtO'tOUV~t au~ouO'a EVtaO'l1 ~ to oixrpo tOU ttAo<;, tOY 'Ievooapio tOU 1853· <10tUK01tOto <patvo~evo, <1AM ~ E~apO'l1, 01tro~ e'ioa~e, TJo1toia O'uvOEetat ~E tOY Touo 0 o1toio~ <1vayvropi~et to 1850 to autoKE<paAo tii~ tAAaotKii~ 'EKKAllO'iae;.• AAAroO'te, to 1854 yivetat ~la to'xupi) 1tpoO'1tugeta O'tO xropo tfj~ BouAii<;, ti)v o1toia ~ta ~epioa troy 0l1~OO'toA6yrov tp~l1veUet ~ t~oP~l1O'l1 yt<1va tm~A11gei TJ'EKKAllO'ia ~EO'a O'tO Kparoc, To 1852 EXQu~e va O'l1~etroo'ou~e ti)v KataoiKll tOU 'Irova KiYK, yta A6youe; 1tpoO'l1AunO'~ou, to Kivll~a tOU IIa1tOUMKOU, to 9uvato tOU Kooud <l>Aa~tutou O'ti) <puAaKi]· tyypa'l'a~e <1nOU ti)v KpiO'l1 yta to 1852 1tavtote, tou 0. , Zai~l1, <1Va<poptKa~E til O'u~1tapuO'taO'l1 tiie; 'EKKAllO'iae; O'ti)v 1topeia tOU \mooouAou Fsvouq, aAM 'to 9E~a auto 9a to 9u~1190u~e 1taAt Qtav 1tpOe;ti)v apxi) tiie; t1tO~eVll~ 1teptoool) 9a ~1tOpOU~ va to O'UAM~ol)~e O'E 151..11, ~eyaAll, EKtaO'l'J til roo. To 1854, \mol)pyuci) tYKuKAwe;opi~et va yivetat O'ta O'XOAeia touMXtO'tov ~ta <popa ti)v t~oo~aoa <1VuyvroO'l1KoAol)a 9trov, ~l1vairov, «xai autii~ <1KO~l1 tii~ <1<Ppovro~ XAel)a~O~Evll~ 1tapa tIDV OOKllO'tO'O<proV 'OKtai]xou»" iO'ffi~toutO va <11toteAei li~eO'l1 a1tuvtllO'l1 O'tOV X. IIa~1tOUKll, 0 o1toio~ tKeivo to Xpovo e1Xe KUKAo<popi]O'etO'E cruvayroyi) tpyaO'trov tOI) 1taAatotepo ~eAEtll~U roo, tOU 1846, 01tOU xapaKtllpi~et til <l>uAMoa, ti)v 'OKtrollXo Kai to 'PaAti]pt, «1tuvtl] el~ ti)v 1tatoayroytKi)V otoaO'KaAiav <1ouvteAii»: liv EtO't &XOUV 1tpuy~ata, TJ ta \mOupytKi) IIpU~l1 1taipvet aU~l1~Evll O'l1~aO'ia, yta to Xpovo Kata tOY o1toio tvepyeitat, Ka(1)0'tepll~Eva. na to 1855, Kpata~e 1tpOtaO'l1 tOU A. ~tpOU~1tOI), «va 1tpon~ro~ev tOU~ tepei~ TJ~rovoo~ 011~00tOaO'1CuAol)~». Tov t1tO~VO Xpovo, 1856, tK<PPU~etat TJ~Ept~va tiie; IIoAtteia~ ~&tYKuKAw yta til 9pllO'1CeUnKi) avatpo<pi)trov ~a911trov· tOY ioto Xpovo &XOI)~tti)v KataoiKll troy «MuO'tllPirov tii~ Ke<paAovta~» tOU AaO'KapUtOI). To 1857, 0 KavovtO'~o~ 'troy rl)~vaO'irovKai troy 'EAAllVtKrov ~xoAeirov t1tt~uAAet O'tou~ ~a911tE~ ti)v \moXPEroO'l1va tKKAllO'tU~ovtatti~ KUptaKE~ Kai ti<; tOptE<;' TJ tmti]PllO'l1 &Ivat spyo troy OtOaO'KUM:.oVai troy 1tpOtO'ta~Evrov troy O'xoAeirov. To K 1859 Kpata~e til oiro~l1 tOU IIavay. ~I)Vo01VOU. ,A~i~et va 0'11~etro9ei, Ka9ro~ 1tAllO'lu~ou~e O'ta 1CpiO't~a XPovla, Kun 1tOU9a sxol)~e va Au~ol)~e \mO'l'l1 Kat yta liAAO~ KUKAou~<pa\Vo~tvrov, Qn TJ KageO'tronKi) ~ta~oAi) O&VO'Uve1tt<pepe <1vaO'toAi) troy tKollAroO'erov autrov. ~A~ (1)~1190u~e Y1a to 1863 til yvro~l1 tou rouoa va <1vaM~ouv oi tepei~ to spyo tou 011~0010aO'KuAol). ' A1to to 1864 Kpata~S tt<; <1vnopuO'et~ ti~ o1toie~ 1tpoKuAeO'e TJ 1tapol)O'ia tou Pevav O'ti)v ' A9i]va. To 1865 ypu<pet 0 N. I. ~api1toAo~ Qn 1tpE1tel va <1vate9o\)v O'tou~ tepei~ ta spya troy 011~00tOaO'1CuM:.ov.A1to to 1866 ' &xol)~e va Kpati]crou~e ta O'xenKa ~ ti)v «IIU1tlO'O'a 'Irouvva» to\) PoiOll. '0 tVlaio~ 1taA~O~ troy <pawo~tvO)v autrov KataO'taivSl O'Koil~O va ta 1tapaKoAoI)9i]0'01)~e &~ to ttAo~ tii<; 1tept60ol) ti)v o1toia ~eAeta~. ot 1tpoO'1tugete~ yta opyaVtKtl
(JI)SEU;l1 "(OU KAijpOU ~S "(1)v Ka"(c.l)"(l;Pll EKnaiocucrT) cruvEXiSov"(at: To 1871 6 ~. Muupoxopourot; ouo-ruivst, {oime; cr"(a xmpta, «6 {EpEUe; va i'jvat cruyxp6vme; xni 0111l00toucrKaAo~»" Aiyo upy6,,(Epa, "(0 1874, dcraYE"(at uvaAoyo vOIlOcrXEOW cr"(1) BouAij. "Ocoi uv"(uPPovouv; Osropobv on EntOtcOKE"(at vn napao08Et 1'] npm"(0~a8Ilta EKnaiocucrT) crov KAfipo. To 1877 yivEmt YEa npocrna8Eta cr"(1) BouA1) IlS rrcpouoio nEptEX6IlEVO· iie; 8ullT)80UJ.lE, uAAmcr,,(E, on rov iotO Xp6vo «naVEt cr"(1) BouA1) Kai" un68Ecrll "(ou K. P. PaYKa~fi, IlS rov «'!oUAtaVO rov ITapa~a"(T)). Kui nav"(o,,(E "(0 uVLicpmvo: 1867, «"(ij nOAt nKij {m6KEtcr8at OCPEtAEt xni 1'] 'EKKAT)cria»" 1872, «1'] 'EKKAT)cria, xooioi, Oxt 1'] 8pllcrKEia Ka86Aou, oUBsv <lAAO slvct il 8EcrIlOe; xorvoivucoc Ko.t E8vtKOe; uno "(fie; KUptapxiae;, roe; niie; <lnO~ 8Ecr~6e;, "(ou Aaou E;ap"(cOIlEVOe;». "Evn rplro napa8EIla uvacpEpE"(at cr"(1) vOIl08EnK1) un6nEtpa cruYKEpacrllou, "(OU 1874, «,,(0 UV8EAAT)VLKOV "(OULO ~LrYlla»" slvci LOU 1875, Kai Ilii~ EVOta.cpEPEt iOto.lLEPo. YLa,,(l lmoypacpE"(at uno rov Terbpvto Mto-rptdrtn. 'ncr"(6cro, ;EnEpacrallE "(1)v Enox1) «"(fie; YEVtKfie; unEAnt:;riae;», onme; "(1)v xapaK"(l1pisEt 6 IT. XaALKt~')1tOUAOe;, "(0 1859. ne; "(6,,(E, IlS "(11 IlvijllT) 1']IlEpmv onou "(a opawmKa nEpLcr"(anKa "(fie; t8VLKfic; smfie; £~ptcrKav uv"(aAAaYlla"(a crLll crullnvota, )lS XELptcr~oue; U1Jcr"(l1POUe; Uiime; unEvavn o-tov Tono, xnrop8mVE Kanme; 1']~acrLAEia va nopeuarm xni va EXEL"(1)v 'Vcuoaicr8T)crll IlLiie; icoppoxiuc. "ncrnou, crs xnrtotn crnYllij, Muto "(ou xoovoo EKEivou, 0 Y08mv EnEcrE uson cr"(1)v npaYllanK6"(11"(a Ko.t «dOEV EVcOm6v roo LOUe; cpOtLll"(ae; LOU Ilcvemo-rnuioo IlS "(a crKLuOLa», onme; EAEYE 0 AOIl~UpOOe; UPy6,,(EPo.·
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Toue; ucpijcrallE 'Icvoucpio LOU 1848. BE~o.ime;, YLa v« ~AEnoullE Kunme; crmcr"(a "(a npaYllo."(a, npEnEt va uno~uAoullE anD "(T] crKE'VT) Ilae; Ilta {DEa nou UVElCa8EV KantEPyij811KE crXELtKU, On 6 qiorrnrucoc xocuoc upya xu811KE npoe; "(1)v nOAtnKi] npu;T]. Etoa~E nroe; xui YWTi " 8nT]crT) yta "(1)v teVtKij, "(1)v nOAtnKij, EVEPYEta Evocp8aAllisE"(at IlEcra (J!1) /;m1) LOU I1avEnLcr"(T)llioU, "(au"(6xpova IlS "(1) crucrmcrij LOU. '0 CPOtLT]Lt1(Oe; ~6crlloe; alcr8avE!UL unapxfie; crs t i KaAEiTUt xni napoucrLu/;Et lcrXUpi] xci uKllaio. uv"(iopo.crT) oro EpE8tcrlla. Mv dxav nEpucrEL ouo xp6vLa uno rnv \:opucrT] "(ou Iluvemcrrnutou, OSV dXE nEPUcrEt Evae; xp6voe; uno "(T]v Ka8LEpmcrT] "(fie; E8vLKfie; Sop"(fjc;, xo.i o] cpotLT],,(Ee;, rcou ~E,,(PtOUV!UV "(6,,(E cr!a OUK"(uAa, uPXiSouv va EKOT]AcOvoVLaL : OLUCPOPOtVEOt, IlE"(a;u "(mv onoirov Kai lla8T],,(Ee;, ~o.i, CPUcrtKU, crnouoacr,,(Ee;, EAEyxov"(ae; xAtapo rov EnicrT]~o EoP"(acrllO "(fie; E8vLKfie; sop"(fie;, npo~aivouv crs iOLmnKo mrvnYuptcrll6· 1839, 1840, 1841. To 1843, cr!1)v E8vtK1) sOP"(ij, ol VEOL «LOU Tlovsmo-rnutoo xni Fuuvcotoo nEpLfiA80v OAT)V "(i]v n6ALV, 'VUAAOV!Ee; dcucru {msp LOU LUV!UYlla"(oe;»· crs oAa alna ij crull~ELOx1) Kat of npmLO~oUAiEe; !OU ZijcrT] Lm"(T]piou ~pocrCPEPOUV Ilta EVOtacpEpoucro. Aa1K1) xpota nOAu EVLOVT]. AVuAoya 8a noullE, crs A6ytO EninEoo, on 0 A. LOU"(croe;, onme; "(0 Ko.UXtE"(at 6 iowe;, Mv dXE uvallEivEt "(1)v 3T] LE1tLE~L~piou yta va OEi;Et "(T]v EIl1ttcrrocruVT] LOU o-ro cpOt"(T]nKo K6cr1l0. Dap6J.lotEe; EKOT]AcOcrELe; ruvExi/;ov"(aL xui cr"(a 6n61lEva Xp6VLU, c cruvouacrll£VEe; Ko.i IlS U1;lEe; A6you UVT]cruxiEe; Kat uvnopacrEte; "(~e; E;oucriae;. "A; npocr8EcroUllE on 'Ii EniIlOVT) npo~oA1) LOU PTJya il "(ou Kopafi £OEtXVE KaAa croix au86pllT]LOUe; au"(oue; 7tavTJYUpLcrIlOue; "(0 nVEulla "(mv navT]yuptcr"(mv. . To 1848 Unat,,(Et iOtalLEpa npocrEKnK1) 8EcOpT)crT]. Elver, ~E~o.la, "(a YEyov6'ta 'tfie; ra:AAiae;, 22 we; 24 <l>E~pouapiou' aAAa, UVE;up'tT]'ta uno 'ta noAU "(apaYIlEva Ecrm'tEpLKa nspto-rnltKU, 6 cpoL'tT]nKOe; K6cr1l0e; uvnllE'tcOmcrE 8Ella"(a nLo <lIlEcra OEIlEva Ilf: 't1) OLKij LOU smij. ITav'tffie;, Kai uno 't1) IlLa Ka"(T]Yopia Ko.i uno 't1)v <lAAT], 'ta oLouYlla'ta dvat nAoucrta. 'H En 0.v~cr'tacrT] cr't1) raAAia npoKaAEcrE, Ka8ffie; cpaivE"(at, uva'tapaXTJ Kai uVT]cruxia cr'toue; naVEmcrLT]lllaKOUe; xcOpoue;. Of npu'taVEte; CPEpov'taL va cpo~ij8T]Kav «'ta Ka'ta 'tT]V ~UcrLV crull~aV'ta»" Ko.i npaYllanKa, cr'toue; npu'taVtKOUe; A6youe; 'tfie; xpovliie; yiVE-
'Hc~! TO~!~fLr.:l;ViM:" r.;O( ~Ol 84~'1 1"0; y~,r(~,· Ot:c.otJ~u.'nl' O"O'"r~1. ~Tt(J;?'!-I.(.)a,xc;" at ai,,,,, K.J1 ~ tW. U).(ltatGl'f t"xftoua ~'rl~~a~t nt':'l i'Jltl'lt.) 11, ~ro'rd;, CIl~r'O~; k' bU'l-Old',,,,;!
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'0 ZfJf1rJr;; I:WTrJ(!tov pi TOVr;;aTtxovr;; T01..' BXT(!6.CU TOY BnaVaaWTtxo AalXO nal,po xai ()S(!patvu TO q;OtTrJiLXd XlVrJpa Tfjr;; BnOxifr;; iOV. , Eno.yw: 6 ZfJf1rJr;; I:WTrJelOV (' A()fJva, I:v.AJ.oy~ K. iJrJl.W(!a.).
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'tal aicr8T]'t1) it rrcpouotu "(mv qxnvousvoiv o.u'tmv. AiYEe; IlEpEe; IlE"(a 'ta YEyov6"(a, crullcpmva Ilf: Eva E8tllO noM YEVLKWIlEVO nta cr' EX;Etva 'ta XP6vto., «noAAoi cpot"(T]'tai ,,(OU Ilo.vsmo-rnutou», npoxstusvou va nuncoov 'toue; 'haAoue;, unocpucrlcrav «vc cruyKpO'tijcrmcrL ouurcomov KOLVOV Ot' EpaVOU». 'H crnYIl1) EKcppa/;EL "(0 nVEUlla : crullna8Ela rrpoe; 'ta 8ulla'ta "(mv Aucr'tpLaKmv, ol oxotoi 8Empouv'tat Ellnvwcr,,(f:e; "(fie; nOAtnKfie; 'tOU Y08mvoe;. Of 1;EVDt napa'tT]pT],,(f:e; EXOUV v« ~AEnouv xui va crXOAta/;ouv : «Oi VEOl 'tmv crXOAEtmv elvat tom of uovoi nOll overpsoovrm oT]~oKpa"(ia: yta "(Ttv 'Enaoa' Ot nonoi 't1)v cpo~ouv'tat», ypacpE'tat crs Emcr"(oAT] uno 'tT]v ' A8ijva, Upxf:e; Map'tioo. L'tte; 25 Map'tiou ;EPOUIlE uno "(ov ~dT]'YLcOPYT) on of VEOl ~YfiKav cr'toue; op61l0oe; ST]'tmKpauya~oVLae; yta "(T] oT]lloKpa'tia. 'Ana iiv uno 'tT] Illa IlEPla "(a IlEyuAa E8vLKa YEyov6"(a crUYKAovi/;ouv "(T] XcOpa Kai unoouvaWDvouv OnOtEe; <lAAEe; oLa8EcrEte;, uno 'tT]v {lAAT] "(a aucr'tT]pme; naVE1tlcr'tT]lltaKa nEptcr'tanKa oivouv ucpop1lT] cr"(T]v EKoijAmcrT] 'tmv cpOtLT]'tlKmV UVT)cruXlmv. 479
TO. Mavov(Jlax&, ana TO ovapa wv navemar'Y)ptaxofi btbaaxaAOV Mavova'Y), avveTsAwav aro CPOtT'Y)TtXO a~la{Jeaapo nov n(!0'Y)yeiicu ana T-ryVg~wa'Y) i1jr;; deWVlX* bvvaauiar;;. 'Exovio : 0 e. Mavova'Y)r;; (IIavl'.ntaT1)plO ' Ae'Y)'Vwv).
ST]'tTlIlam, 'ta 01tOia oEv tJ1tapXSl AO')'Oe;va Jla<; unaO'xoAT]O'OUV, uq)Qu oEV Icropobue 'ta ,),s,),ov6'ta, uAAa 'tie; €nLn'twO'Ste; roue €nuvc.o O''tT]v €eVtlcT] O'uvsioT]O'T]. Tldvrcx, O''ta 'tEAT] 'tOU 'Iuvoucptou 'tou 1848, E<p'taO'av crov Tuno SIOT]crSte; ol onolse; nupouO'iasav rov 0s60c.opo Muvoucn va OlOc:lO'KSl JlE tpono noo O'KaVOc:lAtss 'ta epllO'KSUt'lKa opovquurc Jltae; Jlspioae; 'tOUAaXlcrov 'tOU <pOt'tT]t'tKOU roo uKpoa'tT]piou. 'H Ka'tayysAia, i] 0notn 'taK'tOnoli]eT]KS 'ltOAU ')'pT]yopa, xc.opie; Kae6AOU va KAoviO'St 'tl] eEO'T] 'tOU Muvouo n, Ka'toAlO'eaivsl O''tl]V UVSKOO'tOAOyia Kat oEV EXSL oiirs Kai eKsivT] A6yo va Jlae; UnaO'xoAT]O'St. 'EKStVO noo Kupic.oe; EXOUJlS vn Kpa'tT]O'OUJls, npOKsL~lEVOU yta JlLa YSVtKl] eSWpT]O'T]'trov <patv0JlEvc.oV, elver on i] OAll un6es0'11 npOKaASO'S nOAAl] uva'tapaXl] oro qiorrnruco K60'JlO, on EYLVSU<popJll] YLa ~iatse; eKOllAWO'Ste;,Ka\jlLJlO <pUAAc.oV 'E 0T]Jl6O moue; xci>poue;, xui aAAa, xui on uno rors ol allSO'OL ).1ap'tupse; f] of rOLOt of. JlE'tOXOL'trov ')'syov6'tc.ov EXOUV'tl]v 'to.O'T] va xpoVOAO,),OUV 'tl]v 'tpoml 'tOU <pol'tT]nKOu K60'1l0U npoe; 'ta noAlnKo.. Elvut 'ta nspi<pT]).1a «Muvouotnxri», np60poJla, Ka'ta JlLa OSKasrln, 'trov «O'KtaOlKroV» 'tou 1859. ,Avcuson OJlc.oe;O''ta ODO Jlnopouv va €mO'T]).1aVeOUVapKS'tEe; UAASe;nspln'tWO'SLe; onou elver a10'ell'tl] i] nOAlt'tKl] UVT]O'uxia, onc.oe; xni va 'to nst Kavsie;, 'trov <pOt't1']'trovf] 'tou Ilcvemcrnuioo. ,Ano 'to 1849, onv 'tsAcu'taia J.1VT]Jllltfje; np01lY0UJ.1SVT]e;ODO'KO' Alle; XpoVtae;, ea sIXe Kaveie; Ko.nolee; Jlap'tupiee; va Kpa'tT]O'sL. LllJleLWVQl npro'ta, O''tl]V UPXl] 'tou Xp6vou, 'to (11).100'icuJla «Ilepi 'tfje; Ka'taO''to.O'ec.oe; 'tOU I1aVenlO''tlwiou 'tfje; 'EAA6.00e;, un6 nvc.ov 480
'H OAT] tnt6esO'T] OEVSl JlE O'T]JlaVnKa €voonavsmO''tT]lltaKa
<pOlt'1']'troV»"ovoJla'tiseL 'to I1avsmO''tT]).1LO «ro qxorervov 'tOU't'O UO''tpOV OAc.oV'trov uva'tOAtKrov Aarov», UAAa mcrsost on uno.pXOUV ).1EO'aO''tl]V Iloxvrstc OUVo.Jlele;noo 'to <po~ouv'tat Kat eEAOUV va 'to eKJ.1110sviO'Ouv. Ttd 'tT]v eevtKl] top'tl] 0 ' AVt'WVLOe; ll>a'tO'Eae; ~pEellKe O''tl]v 'Aei]va' 'ta oO'a uva<pEpSt yta'to Iluvent<Jt'T]J.1LO slvm uVt't<panKo., UAAa €K<PPo.Souv ).1la repoO'c.o1ttKl] OEV 'tonOeE'tllO'1']. «Eic 'to I1aVenlO''ti]J.1LOV eAAeinel i] sc.oi]», ypo.<pet· «OEV ~AEnetl; VEOUe;U\jIete; Kat 'tOA).1T]pOOe; a naiSc.omv UVOptv Ka natyviola, va Jlov0J.1axroO't Kat vn 'tP€Xc.oO'tV ot O'1:panro'tat Kat oi Xc.op0<puAaKee; va 'tooe; i]O'UXo.O'c.oO't va J.1l]vT]).1noKat poiiv», 'o.O''t60'0 'toviset 'tT]v «noAtnKO).1avia» roix. I10Alt'tKa esc.opsi 'to si]'tT]J.1a Kat 0 ll>iAt1tnOe; 'kocvvou O''tOV nporcvuco rou A6yo, 'tOV 'OK'tW~PtO : esc.opst ot't i] npOKonT] 'tOU Iluvsmo-rnutou, «roe; O'uVOWJlEVll JlE 'tT]V1tOAlt'tKT]V'tUXllV 'tOU EeVOUe;, O<peiASL va slvut O'nouoaia 'tfje; Kupepvncecoc JlEptJ.1Va». '0 npoO'ava'!OAlO'J.10e; atlt'Oe; slvm aoto.KOna atO'ell't6e;. Tnv unspo.O'nlO'l1 'tou eeVlKOU EPYOU 'tou Iluvsmo-rnuioo, onc.oe; 'tT]v ola'tunWVst Ko.nOLOe;, lO'roe; 0 K. I1anappT],),6nOUAOe;, O'E UVWVUJlO011uootsuun, 'tl]v Ott'l~o.SOUJ.1S,noM xapaK'tT]ptO'nKo., O''tl]v «Iluvoropo» 'tou 1853. Bpioxsrat npoe; 'to 'tEAOe;J.1tae;unav'ti]O'sc.oe; O'E apepo 'tOU ro.AAOU 01']J.100'LOAOyOU Ubicini, 0 A. onoioe; ooovst on i] tAAT]VtKl] nAsupa ~AEnSt 'tpsie; ouva't6'tT]'tse; ')'ta 'tl] OtaOOXT] 'tfje; 6ec.oJ.1aVlKfje; Aoroxpcropicc : crUO''taO'T] VWeA.A1']VLKOUKpcrooc UVs~o.P'tT]'tOU, uvaO'uO''taO'T] 'tfje; XpiO'naVlKfje; Aoroxpuropicc, J.1E ProO'O ).10Vo.PXll, npoccpmcn O''tT]V'EAMoa, «au'tl] slvm», eno.YS'tal 0 ro.AAOe;, «i] MO'T] 'tOU 'EAAT]VLO').10U»,UAAa noo npoc.oeei'taL npoe; 'tooe; "EAAT]VSe;'tfje; Toopxluc uno roi»; Kaell,),l1'tEe; 'tfje; ,Aei]vae;. 'H uno.v'tT]O'T] 'tOVlSSL nroe; omv ')'i vsrm A6yoe; YLa 'to €A.AT]VtKO I1avsmO''ti]J.1LO, np6KSL'taL «xspi 'tfje; JlaYLKfje; €Ksl VT]e;nT]yfje;, ile; 'ta Vo.).1a'ta EXOUO'L'tT]V uKa'tavlKT]'tOV lot6'tT]'ta vn 6~ovc.oO't 'tae; uMO'ste; de; ~i<pT]». Kni no.At, O'E ev'tSAroe; aAAtWnKT] KA1J.1aKa, 0 OiaVOJ.1Eae; 'tfje; «'AeT]vae;» ).10lpo.SSl 'to t.SK€J.1~PLO 'tOU 1856,onroe; O'uvi]etsay rors, EVt'unee; xui EJ.1JlS'tpSe;SUXEe; np6e; 'tooe; O'uvOpO).1T]'tEe; 'tOU <pUAAOU'Atet €KSt: «To yap Ilcvsmcrfuuov, roe; KAEOe; 'trov 'EAAi]VroV, U<PEV'tT]V esropro eyw, Kat 'tfje; 'EAMooe; 6OT]yO Kat 'tfje; Toupxidr; KCJ.pKtVOV». ME 'tE'tOLO rpono Jlnopsi Kavde; va O'UVSX10'sLuno Xp6vo O'E Xp6vo UVtXvsuov'tae; xc.opie; OUO'KoAia 'tsKJ.1i]pta YLa 'to qiotrrrnKO nVeUJ.1a sxstvooc 'tooe; xcipooc, Kat va <p'to.O'St nprom O''ta nsplO''tat'tKa 'trov onoioiv EytVaV u<p0PJlT] 0 euva'toe; 'tOu 0. Muvoixrn, 'to NOEJl~PLO 'tOU 1858, Kat xaromv, Mo.LO 'tOi) 1859, O''ta LKtaOtKo.. na 'ta npro'ta, on roe; Mpa'tT] pst Kat 0 O. 'Io.Asjloe;, Kl6Aae; i] olc.o~T]'tOU ' AAS~o.VOpou LOO'tO'OU, rov onoto np60'sxav Kai aKouyav noM of. vecorspoi, npoKaAouO's ~l.ta Ka'tuO''taO'l1 uva~paO'jlou' roO''t60'0 'ta yqov6'ta 'ta onoia ouvoocuO'av 'to euva'to 'tOU Muvoucm jlE 'tT] ).1Syo.AT] oue Ev'taO'Tl r Kai O'UYKEV'tpc.oO'T] oroO'av O'a<pEO''tspT]u<poPJ.1l] eKOT]AwO'Sc.oV: E esropi]6T]KS on i] O'ov'tOJ.1T] sxpoxovt« 'tT]V onoia oT]JloO'ieuO's v ')'La eKstvov i] e<Pll).1SplOa «Akov» O''tte; 6 Nosujlpiou 'tOU 1858 T]'tav npoO'~AT]t'tKl] ')'ta 'tl] IlVT]).1T]tOU UKaOT]).1alKOU oloaO'Ko.' AOU, xni 'ta <poAAa 'tfje; e<pT]).1spioae; napa06eT]Kav 0T]J.160'ta o-rnv <pro't'ta uno 'tooe; <pOt'tT]'tEe;. Aero 'to neplO'ta't'tKo oPlssL no.vtots Kata tOY 'OouO'O'Ea 'lo.As).1o 'tT]v unapXl] 'trov xivnllo.tc.oV ta onota KatEAT]~aV O''tT]v uvatponT] 'tfje; 6eroVtKfje; ouvaO'teiae;.
Ta LKtaOtKa oEv npoxevrct va ta u<pT]')'1leOUIlSf] va ta O'XOA.to.O'OUJ.1S au'tl] tl] eEO'T]: to uovo 1tOO EXOU).1Svn O'T]JlSlW0" O'OUjlE elvm on O'tT]v u1t6esO'T] autT], 'tSAtKo., 0 <pOttT]'!tKOe;K6ouoc €1tLKpUtllO'e xni €nE~aAe 'tT] eEAT]O'i] tOU' tOUtO <pUO'tKa eviO'xuO's 'tl] ponl] 'trov <pottT]'trov 1tpOe; 'tl] O'U).1).1etOXi]'tOue; O''ta KOtVU. '0 KrovO'tavttvoc; I1anappT]y6nouAoe;, O'tOV {(EAAT]-
vo», 'titv SCPTJlltpioa 'titv 67toia s~eotot rore, 7tpocJ1ta9ti va acpalpecrtt lCa9t 7tOA.t'ttlCOxapalC'ti)pa a7tO 'titv slCoi)A.o>crll slCtiVll· AV'ti9t'ta, lCat it lCOlVityvrollll 'troY cru'YXP6vo>vlCat 'troy, s7ticrlle; cruyxp6vo>v, Ilap'tupo>v ol Ilap'tupite; ~t~atrovouv o'tt a7tO 'titv S7tOxit SlCtivn XPOvoA.oyti'tat it cr'tpoCPit 'tfje; CP01'tll'ttlCfje; VWA.aiae; 7tpOe; 'titv 7tOA.t'ttlC";. TO. 7tpaYlla'ta yivov'tav o~u'ttpa· tioallt 'to AOIl~apoo va 1l1A.ti Yla 'to. «crlC1aOta»" 6 Il. XaA.tlCt67tOUA.OC; ti7tallt, cr'to VO\) rou 'to 1859, <hav, cruYXpova 7ttpiEXtt, 7tOUIlE 'to\) AOIl~apoou 'to. AOyta, 1l1A.ti 7ttpt «'tfjg s7tOxfje; 'tfje; ytVtlCfje; a1ttA.mcriae;». '0 'E7t. AtA.llytropYlle; sivrn lCa'tllyoPlllla't1lCOC; 7tpOe;'to 1859 : «'A7to 'to\) Metoo it vwA.aia 'troY'A911~ Vrovs~acp9ticra 'tuxaio>e; SlC'tfje; \m0gecrto>C; 'troY ola~oi)'tO>v oxtooio>v a7teOtt~t xapalC'tfjpa A.all7tp6v». Oi pt~alrocrttC; 'troY 060 ciOtA.cprovBu~avtio>v, 'tfjc; Ttpyecr'tlle;, cruYlCA.1VOUV lCa'ta 'tp67to Svotacpepov'ta· ypacptt 6 ' AvacrtacrlOe;: «'H Iltta~u itytll6voC; lCat A.ao\) 7taA.ll t]PXtcrt lCupio>e;a7tO tOU 1859, acp' OtOU 0l1Aaoit it CPtAooo~ia 7tOAtttlCrov rrvev avoprov, tm~l1tO\)cra 7tavtaxou vea 07tAa lCat veoue; crullllaxoUe;, EPPt'l'tV tie; titv 7taAaicrtpav alCIlaiav, icrxupav lCai s7ticpo~ov O6valllV, titv v£oAaiav»)" I:X6A.lO cr' auta to. AOyta a7tottAti it ~lOypacptlCit aCPi)YllcrTJtOU 'AA.t~avopou otav ypacptt yta tOY aotA.cp6 tOU, 7troe; «sv Ileaq> 'troY 7ttpt to. ypallllata acr7tacrio>v otatpt~rov svecrlCll'1'tv i» Ettl 1859 to aAAOlCOtOVxlvnua, 07ttp EpPt'l't 010. Iltae; de; titv 7tOA.tttlCitv naA.aiatpav titv veoxotuv xai syevtto it acpttllpia tfje; Iltta tpia Etll Iltta7toAt ttuato>e;». ~Av EAtt7tt it uapruptn tOU 'Avacrtacriou Bu~avtiou, 90. Il7tOpOuaallt va otcrta~allt yta titv to7t0getllcrTJ troy eowouevev autrov, 07t0>e;to. xpO>llati~t1 6 B. ct>apcr";e;· Ollo>e; elvm cpavtpo Ott ~ava7taipvtt to. AOyta to\) Tpieortvou 0111l0cr10ypacpou: «Oi lCatapatot 7toAtttlCoi Ilae;, YAtx61ltvOl 7tOA.t'ttlCfj~7ttp10>7tfje;s~txaAivo>crav tOV olltA.OVtroy cpOtTlltrov crull7tapacrupavtte; tie; titv oucrrooll .tfje; 7tOA.1ttlCfje; lCovicrtpav». '0 7tapaAA.llAtcrlloe; OEVacpi)Vtt aIlCP1~OAia. "Evav sAacpproe; aAA.trottlCO xpO>llattcrllo oivouv crta 7tpayIlata uAAOt· crlCe7ttttal lCaVtte; to 0t60o>po I. KOAolCotprovll, I!aptupa oxt 7tOAU a~t6mcrto, 7tOU ~t~atrovtt ott ol «I:lCla?lcrtai» Titav «lleA.TJEtatpiae;» ... «ovsipeoousvc titv MtyaAllv IMav». '0 'AAe~avopoe; Pi~oC; PaylCa~i)e;, lCat SlCtivoe; crucrxtti~tt to cpottllttlCo lCivTJlla IlE titv s~O>ttptlCit 7tOAt'ttlCi): «Kurd rov autov slCtivov xp6vov t]p~ato it 'ItaAia troy ayrovo>v 01' <bvS11itOiO>lCt 7tOAt'ttlCi)v tile; Ev6tTJta lCat ot 9piall~ot autfje; titv S~fj7ttOV tOV sv90ucrtaO"Ilov troy taUta U7tEPtfje; EAATJvtlCfje; cpuA.fje; tUxolleVO>V itllttepo>v 7tatpto>trov». rtyovoe; elvat Ott it teVtlCit EAAllVtlCitE~a'l'll EXtt cptacrtl crtO lCatalC6pocp6 tlle; tOUe; 7tprotou~ Ili'jVtC;to\) 1859 lCat Ott ~vae; Otaxo>ptallOe; troy aitio>v i'I troy ainatrov slCtiVll tit crttYllit OEVslCcppa~tt to xapalCti)pa to\) ytVllCO\) ava~pacrIlO\)· itvilCll tfje; Mayevtae; (23 Maiou /4 'Iouviou) lCat to\) I:oA.cptpivo (12/24 'Iouviou) 7tavllyupi~ovtat crtitv 'A9i)va O"av S9VIlCEe;smtuxite; : OlaOllA.c.Ocrtte;· IAtaX Ote; uv9pO>7tot 7tOU7ttptcpepouv «7ttpicpO>tov», ypacptt 7taAt 6 ' A~e~avopoe; Pi~oe; PaylCa~i)e;, «titv tilC6va to\) BacrlAeo>c; tfje; ltaAiae; BilCto>pOe; 'Ellllavoui) A». Mecra crE ~va tet010 lCAilla 7tpe7ttt· .va t07to9tt119ti· lCat it SVtU7to>crlltitv 67toia UCPllcrav crtoue; ~aptUpte; troy ytyov6to>v to. I:lCtaotd.
AOYOUlCai Ot' tmcrtoA.rov, Ot1 a7tt<pacr1at v' avaM~1J de; to E~fje; it ioia titv 7tPO>to~ouAiav troy t9VIlCroV <rU1l<Ptp6vto>v». MAv xptvsi lCaVtte; a7tO tit crullJ.1ttOXit troy <P01tlltrov O"E01.0 to 01aatlllla, a7tO titv ElC7tto>crlllOC;Cai tit J.1tcro~acr1A.tia, 67t6l tt ioio>e; Xapll 0"' autOue; 1l1t6ptcrt va tllp119ti 1CO:7totat~TJ; 9a otlCatoAoyi)crtt titv s7ticrllllTJ oi)A.rocrll to\) AtA llytropY11, lCata titv 67toia «to Ilavtmcrti)lllOV OEVOteoO>lCt1l6VOVta 'YpallllOta tie; titv 'AvatoAi)v, aAA.cl xui ave9pt'l't 7tOAt'ttlCroe;itv EA.A.TJVtt lCitV vtoAaiav». Ei7talltollo>e; Ott 01..11autit it u7t69tall, lCat 6 ttplla'tt0"1l6e; tllC;, 67to>croi)7tOtt crull<PO>VOC; tit geA.TJcrll tfjg IltyaAlle; 7tAttOIlE v6tlltac; slCtivo>v 7tOUtitv tlXav 01tK7ttpalrocrtt, OEVs7te<ptpt titv avacrtOAit tfj~ <POltllttKfje; aVatapaxfje;. AAAo>crtt lCat atitv 7ttpi7tto>crll autit EXtt lCaVttC; titv tUKalpia va ota7ttcrtrocrtt nooo mo ouvatit slvm it A.tttOUpytKit geAllO"l1troy lCa9t tiooue; <popeo>vtfjg Ioroptuc, a7tO toug O"K07tOUC; toug 67toioue; 7tpo~aAA.OUV aUtOl ol iotot lCata' lCatpOUe;. Mxopobus va ava<ptp90ullt crE 7tOAtttlCoug 07t0>e;6 A. BouA.yaPlle; i'I 6 'E7t. AtAllytropYlle;, ot 67toio1 SIl7tpog O"titv lCu~epVllttlCit 7tpa~ll a<pi)vouv titv 7tOA.tttKit 9to>pia· 1l7t0POUllt va ava<ptp90\)llt crtit ytVtKtullBVll oucrapeO"Ktta titv 67toia 7tpolCaA.ti it 7tapouO"ia tOU I:7t6VtlC O"titv 'EAMoa, xovrd O"tO rtropylO A'. '0 aAUtpo>tOe; 'EA.A.'llv1crlloe; ta ~At7ttt IlE aVllcruXia, a7tatcrtooo~ia. rpa<ptt 6 I. 'Icr10r0pioTJe; I:lCuAitcrTJe;:
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«IlaAtv 6 I:7t6VtlC crag 7ttait1, lCai oxt crtie;, 'EA.A.aoitat; Msrd roocernv OE 7ttipav ticrett OEV cro><ppovtitt;». «' AOTJIlOVO\)lltV, ot6tt it UtalCtOe; i57tap~ig crag OEV~TJlltoi Kai oAiyov tOue; E~O>61l0ytvtie; O"ae;»... Kai Il7tOpO\)llt alC61la va ava<ptp90\)llt crtO <pOltTJttKOKivTJIla. ' A7to tie; ouo ~acrtKEe; OttlCOtKi)crtte; oi 67toitg aVetpt'l'aV titv 7tpOllyoulltVTJ ouvacrttia, to ~i)tTJlla tfje; otaoQxfje; tlXt uetvet xo>pie; 7ttpttx6Iltvo· to ~i)tTJlla tfje; s9vo<puAalCfje; 9a yivtt Ilta a7tO tic; a<pOPIlEe;7tou. lCpatO\)V crE ava~pacrllo to qxntTJttlCO xoeuo, Ila~i !l€ uA.A.a, sirs ytvtd S9VtlCa gellata etrs, avttgeto>e;, lCa9auto 7tavt7ttcrtTJlltaKa. Ilavto>e;, A.ett 6 AyytA.oe; Ka7t7trotae; O"EAOYOtOU crtig 25 Mupriou tOU 1867, «to itll&ttpov Iluvemcrnutov», 7tOU to t07t09ttti, a7tO titv U7tO'l'TJ troy S9VtKroV O"t6XO>v,icrottJlU IlE tit I:XOA.it troy EutA.7tioo>v, «ob crtO>7ta,otav 6 AOyoe; 7tPOKaA.ij 7ttpi Iltae; Kai ti'jg autfje; nat piooe;, 7ttpi tou IlaVtA.ATJV1crIlOU».ct>OttTJtEe;lCai otoacrJCaAot 6OTJyouvtat aIlOt~aia. '0 Ko>vcrtavtivoe; Ila7tappTJYo7tOUA.Oe;, s7tiaTJIlO 7tpocrO>7tO 7tA.eov, 6 6noioe; crta ytyov6ta 7tOUalCOA.ou9~ crav t'itv E~o>crlllCuKAo<popouO"ttit VUKta crtitv 7tpo>ttuoucra SmlCt<paA.fje;navtmO"tTJlltaKfjg 11itpt7tOA.OU, tropa, IlE titv KpTJttKl't s7tavacrtacrTJ lCai tiC; sAniote; 7tOUav9i~ouv yupo> tTJe;, aO"lCtitat O"ta o7tAa, lCai tic; KUptaKEg O"EytVtKa crtpatto>tuca YUllvaO"la. Toue; iOlOUe;lCatpOue;, aKpt~roe;, q>OttTJttlCT)crta9TJlCt it EIl7tVtucrll va tt9ti it \mo9tcrTJ tfje; Kpi)tTJe; U7tO tT)v 7tpocrtacria to\) Victor Hugo, S~OPlcrtOU a7tO tit raAA.ia. MeO"a crto ioto lCAiIla EXOUllt va syypa'l'OUllt to 1868 <pottTJttlCEe; OlaOTJA.c.Ocrete; aVttKU~tpVTJttlCee;, ot 67toite; olaAUOVtal a7tO tT)v E<pl7t7tTJ Xo>po<pUA.aKi), crtUVOIlIlCOUe;Cai atpat6. Kata tie; olallaptupite; tfje; a l S7tOxfje;, to IlavtmO"ti)llto tlVa1 7t'OAlOPKTJIlBVOvuX9TJJ.1tpov»" « ta ntptcrtattlCa auta OE crta9TJKaV oA.a availlalCta. 'ncrtocro, lCai a<PO\)7ttpacroUllt aPlCtta xpoV1a, Ola7ttcrtrovouIlt tT)v 7tapoucria 7tapOIlOloU 7tVtUllatog ato <pOltTJttlCOlCOO"Il0. (J)taVOU~lt, KOVta O"ta opla to\) lCt<paAaiou Ilae;, crta xpovta 18731lE 1874· it 6A.oKAi)po>crTJou gellatOe; a7tO tOV Ko>vcrtavtit vo AOIl~apoo, UPlcrtO <ptpe<po>voEVOe;a7tO tOue; av9pro1ttvoue; tU7tou<; ocrOt Ole7tA.acrav to veo ~acriAtlo, oivtt Ilta 7tpocr9ttTJ ~aputTJta crtT)v OATJu7t69tcrTJ. To At1Ctll~ptO tou 1873, 1l1a crtlpa a7tO 7toA.A.a7tA.a itta tIxt 7tpOlCaAtcrtt EVtOVTJ<pOltTJttKT) a aVatapaxi)· tfje; aVatapaxfje; autfje; 6 ftVtilCtU7tOe; <ptaVtl to (J)t~pouapto tou 1874 O"tit BouAi): 6 ZalCuv910<; ityetTJe; SX1lCpivtl tOY tp67to IlE tOY 67toio it lCu~epvTJcrll tOU 1873 (E. AtATJYlropYTJ) tiXt lCatacrttiA.tt tie; <POltllttlCEe; SlCOTJA.c.Ocrtte;, ota~a~tt crxtttlCT) EK9tcrTJ, aya<Ptpolltvoe; crE ytyov6ta tfje; 11TJe;AtW
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'AVa<pOPIlCa IlE tit cruveXtcrll troy ytyov6to>v, o,tt yvo>pi~OUllt11a to. E7t6lltva xp6vta lCai O,tl Ilae; elvat yvo>crto aVt~aptl1Ta a7to titv 7tapoucria troy <P01tlltrov crtitv 01.11 lCiVllcrll <pavtp(bvouv 1l1a tet01a smtaxuvcrll tfj~ icrtopiac;, 7tOU OEV ~7tOpoi)crt 7tapa va tlVa1 aicr911ttl lCat crtoue; O'u'YXp6voue;. A7to p'cra alCOA.ouellcrav, roe; 7tvt\)lla, ~ 01a9tcrll, roe; cruvtiOllcrTJ,ttg avtA.i~tte; ttc; 67toite; icrtopo\)J.1t, 1110. SlCoi)A.rocrll,7tavto>e;, a~i~t1, va smcrll1lav9ti : Iltta titv a7tOtuXia titv 61toia crllJ.1tio>crt it Vau7tAtalCit s7tavacrtaaTJ to\) (J)t~pouapiou 1862, 6 <pottllt1lCoe;lC6crlloe; ~tlCivllcrt Y1a va 7taptt titv u7t69tcrll crta xepta tou : «0tpllit vtoA.aia a7tO tfje; 01aA.ucrto>e;troy NaU7tA.1alCrov tlCi)PU~t 01a tt troy S<Plllltpioo>v tfje; aVtl7tOA1ttucrto>e;, Ota Ir31
481
Kf:J.1ppiou, Kat ta aXOAta~f:t : «'Ev& 5t a1tTJPXf:tOfKaatOe; £1e;ta t5ta J.lf:ta to ttAoe; ti'je; aova9poia£O>e; E<pt1t1tOtXc.op0<puAaKf:e;, £()~c.oVOt Kai aatOVOJ.ltKOt KAT)ti'jPf:~ s1tt1tf:aav Kat' aut&v», 'Ypa<p£t '" EK9f:aT], «Kai 5ta Aiec.oVKat t&v ~t<p&Vrev t1tata~av autoUc;, Kat tOUe; Katf:5ic.o~av £1e; 1taaae; tae; 650ue; ti'je; 1t6Mc.oe;», KA1t. "0 AOJ.Lpap50e; axOAt~f:t: «TT)v aKT)vT)v ti'je; sv5f:Kat'le; 6 j}OOAf:OtT)e;Mf:aaTJvT)e; K. KooJ.Loov50()poe; ouu1taptpaAt 1tpOe; tT)V aKT)VT)v to() rap5tKioo· 1'itOV U1tf:PPOAtKT) '" 1tapaPOATJ», £I1tav, «'f)9tAT)af:V «aiKc.oe; va 1tpOapaA1] tOtOOtotp61tc.oe; tT)v 1tf:ao()aav KOPtPVT)ow». «"0 5t K. MaKpi'je; - t1tp6a9f:agv 6tt to rap5iKt 1tf:ptf:~rocr9T) 6AOV a1tO SV61tAOOe;, otnvsc S<p6v&oaav 6AOOe; tOUe; £1e; tT)V J.Lav5pav KAtta9tvtae; rap5tKl(Otae;, Kat 6n toto()t6v tt Kata tT)v 1tpOaPOAT)V ti'je; 11 otv O"\>vtpT)£1e; tOUe; <pottT)tae;. "Orcv tOtoototp61tc.oe; tT)v rotaUtT)v 1tapapiaatv to() if:pc.ottpoo 5tKatroJ.Latoe; £1e;ta if:protf:pa dVttKdJ.Lf:va dpc.ovf:uc.ovtat, J.LT) .J.L<ptpaAAttf: 6tt Mv o.<PTJaT)tf: o tT)V 1tapapiaatv dttJ.LropT)tOV 9£Attf: yivf:t 9f:atai iac.oe; 1tpaYJ1attKi'j~ aKT)vi'je; to() rap5tKioo, Kat t6tf: 9a aae; d1tc.oatv ott '" 1tapoJ.Loic.oate; £Ivat SVtf:ATJe;».
eov" to() MiA'tc.oVOC; U1tapXf:t £Ie; Atc.oV,'to() 61toioo '" 5T)J1toopyia £1attt 5tv S'tf:Atic.oaf:v. '150u s~tpXf:'tat Ka'ta 'to ilJ1taU SKti'je; yi'je;
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•AAA.c.oatf:, tOY Spf:9taJ.Lo qUtO 5tv tOY ppiaKooJ.lf: J.L6vo atT) a1tooM~ooaa vtoAaia: '" EWOta to() Aao() d1taJ1f: 6n d1to KatpO 1tapooat~f:t 5ta<p0pf:e; o.7tOxprocrf:te;· o.1tO sKdvf:e;, J.Lla xpc.oJ1a'ti~f:tat tropa 1ttO Evtova. Elvat 6 Aaoe; 1tOU 50a<popet, 6 51f:K51KT)tT)e;A.a6e;. Mia tttOla KiVT)aT) tT)V d5aJ1f: va 5tayp.a<pf:tat o.1tO 1tOAU vc.opie; J.Ltaa erov tAAT)vtKO at>vf:t5T)ataKO x&po· 6J1(tlc;tT)V KaAU7ttoOV liAAte; EVvotf:e; aXf:ttde; Jtt to Aa6, Etal d>a-rf: autT) va <paivf:tat £itf: a1tavta etre o.J105pa J.Ltaa atte; o.va<popte; atO Aao yf:vt1Ccl.TIOAU xapaKtT)ptanKTJ, dAM aav o.1tOJ1ovc.oJ.LtVT) tT)V S700XTJ yta tT)e;, <paivttat yta liAAT) J.Lta <popa '" KpiaT) to() TI. XaA1Kt01tOUAOOto 1852· '" 5tf:K5iKT)O'T), '" 0PYTJ, £Ivat ata9T)tte; : «1t6:vta 6aa o.7tOPA.t:n:oovtT)V ci><ptAf:laV to() Aao() J.LtVOOV AT)aJ10vo()Vtal SKaoaTTJJ.LatOe;»· '11 Kat mo o.VaAOtt1Ccl:«"0 Aaoe; Mv lja9av9T) o.K6J1T) ao KaAG ti'je; SAf:Ot ef:piae;· 6 Aaoe; 1taaXf:l, 6 Aaoe; £Ivat sA££tv6e;, cDe; iv it SAf:09f:l pia o.1tf:KtTJ9T) ovov U1ttp oAiyc.ov ttv&v, Kat 6Xt U1ttp to() Aao(), u (Sane; Kai s90ataa9T) U1ttp auti'je;». atv ~tpOOJ1f: at 1tOta S1t0XT) 1tpoYf:vtatf:pT) '11- J.lf:taYf:vtatf:PT), o()tf: at 1tOl0 7tp6ac.o1to, o.va<ptpf:tat 6 A. Taataoc;, 6tav to 1864 1taipvf:t to J.Ltpoe;o() «spyat tOO Aao(), tOY 61totov £Ie; J1aKapitT)e; xaJ1aAT)VMOV SKaAtl». Elvat 5UaKOAO va ata9J1iaf:t Kavde; J1t o.KpiPf:ta, atT)v 1tf:pi1ttc.oaT) autTJ, to 1ttpaaJ1a o.1tOtT)V 1tOAtnKT) o.vti9f:0'T) atT)v KOtVc.oV1KTJ· dAM 6tav 6 AOyoe; £Ivat yta tOY 1t6AtJ10 «J1f:ta~u Aa&v Kai "'Yf:J.L6vc.ov» (1849), '11 Yla «tT)V ta~tv SKf:ivT)v ti'je; Kotvc.oviae;, tT)V 61toiav 1tf:Pt<PpOVT)ttK&e;ttvte; Aaov OVOJ.L~oov» (1861)· 6tav Oi1tAa atOUe; Aoyiooe; EXf:t Kavf:ie; va S'Y'Ypa'l'f:t 1tap6J101f:e; 9taf:te; dv9pro1tc.ov Jtt AaiKT) 1taI5f:ia Kai at>vd5T)aT), t6tf: 1td9f:tal Yla tT)V 1tapooaia <patvoJ1tvc.ov7tOU<pavf:provoov KOtVc.oVtKT) 5taJ1aptUpT)aT):Etat, t5t6pp09J10e; MiKOe; tU1tOe;,6 TI. KaAf:Opae; £Ivat aav va 90J.Liitat to() 1tproT)VEupoiac; tte; at>ataaf:te; 1tpOe;tOY ·09c.ova, (Stav ypa<pf:t 6n «t6aov oipaatAf:te;, 6aov Kai ta if:patf:ta SK (J\)J1<provooo.<pTJVOOat tOUe; Aaolx; £1e;tT)V o.J.La9f:tav SJ.L1tvtovtae; 1tpOe; autoue; J16vov 1tOAtttKae; Kai 9pT)aKf:ottKcle; 1tpOATJ'I'f:te;Kai of:tat5atJ.Loviae; tva tOUe; EXc.o(JtV U7t0Xf:tpiooe;» (1860)· o.VaAOya ea 1to()J.lf:Kai yta to 1tp6ac.o1to Kai yta ta ypa<p6J.lf:va to() I. MaeapiKOO, 1tOUypa<pf:t to 1862 6tt : «J10Va5tKoUe; EX' 6 Aaoe; sx9poue; tOUe; lipxovtae; toO toUe; tOpawiaKooe; ·EAAT)Vae;,toUe; aKuAOOe;tOUe;1tPOKpitooe;, oittvf:e; sJ.LT)5tvtaav tOY if:poV o.y&va, K' s1tp6pAt'l'av t' o.'tOJ.LtKaat>J.L<ptpov'ta tc.ov J16va». "Oa'tOao, tTtv 1tto sV(J\)vd5T)'tT) £1K6va J.Ltae;s~f:Ataa6J.Lf:vT)e; dvtt5tKiae; atO 9tJ.lQ 'to()'to -tTtv EXf:t 5rocrf:t S7taVf:tAT)J1J1tva6 'Ap. OlKOv6J10e;. Mt fva Xc.opio 'too to() 1872 J.L1tOpo()J.lf: va s5& KAf:iaooJ.lf: 'to 9tJ.lQ 'tot)'to, 1tOU9a 7tapooataatf:t at t1t6J.lf:vf:e;1tf:pt6ooUC; Jtt liAAT)o~u'tT)'ta : «Ete; tOY e. 'A1tOA£a9tv'ta TIapaa&t~ 482
'" 61toia 'tOYyf:wa. Oi O<p9aAJ1oi'too o.a'tpa1t'tOOatV, '" xaitT) 'too o.vop90()tat, o.AM 'to a&J.La'too £Ivat i>AT)o.5pavTJe;, o.KivT)'toe;, 1tPOaKf:KOAAT)J.LtVT) o.K6J1T)sm tot) sM<pooe;. 'Avonouovoc, 1tf:ptJ1tVf:t tOY tf:Af:o'tatov O"Ittv9i'jpa, 61tc.oe;6pJ1TJO'lJ ·O"-ot o.1tc.o... AtaaJ.lf:V fva TIapa5f:taov. "Oooi 6J1c.oe; A.t1tooatv sv tep A.tovn p au'to() 'tOY Aa6v, lie; 7tf:ptJ.Ltvc.oO'tOY 'tf:Af:o'tatov amv9i'jpa SK t ti'je; sma'tTJJ1T)e;». Mtaa at 6AaaU'ta at <paivf:'tat liatoxo va s'Y'Ypa'VooJ.lf:Ka7tOla AOyta 'to() M1taJ.L1tT) Avvivoo : Atx9T)KaV J.lf:'taYf:vtatf:pa • o.AM sK<ppa~oov liJ1f:aT) sJ17tf:lpia. 'E~aA.AOO, Jtt 'to Yf:VtKOxapaK'tTJpa tOOe; M 5f:aJ.Lf:ooov 'to J.Lap'topa J1ovaxa, o.AM iac.oe;1t&plaa6'tf:po ttl aovf:iaT)aT) J1lac; S1t0xi'je;, J1tae; J1f:pi5ae; J1aptupc.ov, 6,n 5T)AaaT) £Ivat 'to ~T)'tOUJ.lf:VO sa&, xc.opie; va ci7tat'tdtat va SJ1pa9uvot)J.lf: t51ai'tf:pa a'ta axf:ttKa Jtt 'tOY lvav o.1tOau'touc; Kai 'to £151KO papoe; ti'je; o.~toma'tiac; too. rpa<pf:t, A011t6v: «eR SsKaf:'tia '" o.1tO'ti'je; Mf:'ta1tOAttf:Uaf:c.oe;Kat sv'tf:()9f:V £Ivat J.Lia't&V o.'tOXf:a'ttprov 1tf:pl65c.ov to() S9vtKO() J1ac; Pioo, J.Lf:9'6AT)V 'tT)V aov'tf:Ata9daav 1tpro'tT)VKai Yf:vvaiav a()~T)atv to() Kpdrou; 5ta 'ti'je; svroaf:me; ti'je; "E1t'tavTJaot))}. aT)Aa5TJ, lie; 1to()J.lf:, 1863 Jtt 1873. E>oJ.Li~c.o 'ta AOyta 'to() Koveruvttvou TIa1tappT)y61toos5& AOO'to 1871, 6'tav 9pT)vit s1tavc.o eeov 'ta<po 't&v SA7ti5c.ov'tile; Yf:vtac; too.
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"Oat6ao, liv "'<pOl'tT)'ttKT)vf:oAaiq. att)v liaKT)aT) t&v sac.o'tf:ptK&V 5paa'tT)pto'tTJ'tc.ov 'tT)e;£IXf: ~f:1tf:paaf:t Kata 'ItO AU tOUe; q't6xooe; 'tolx; 61toioUC;£IXf: 9tagt '" TIoAt'tf:ia 6'tav i5pof: 'to Tlnvsma'tTJJ.Ll0, oi i5tf:e; au'tte; 5paatT)pt6'tT)'tf:e; £Ixav ma 5roaf:t 1tAOUal00e; Kap1tOUe;a'to 'E~c.o'tf:PtK6. ·OAT) '" SAAT)VtKT) 'Ava'toATJ, lile; ta Eaxa'ta 6pta 'tT)C;,£IXf: s1tav5pc.o9d Jtt sma'tTJJ1ovf:C; oi 61tOtOl atattattKa J11topd Kavf:ie; va 1td 6n £Ixav 6AOt J1op<pc.o9f:t tT)V a TIpc.otf:uooaa 'tot) BaatAtioo. 1:ovf:t5T)'t0 1tp6ypaJ1J1a Kat f:uaovf:i5T)'tT)SK'ttAtaT)· ypa<pf:t '" «KAtlcO» 'ti'je;Tf:pytatT)e;, 1tP<>C; ttAT) 'ta to() 1863: «"R Mf:yaA T) '15ta, o.1tOPaAO()cra 'tOY sni ·09c.ovoe; sm9f:tlKOV xapaKti'jpa tT)e;, £Ivai aTJJ.lf:pov 6A.c.oe; .J10VttKTJ».'AKP1o ptatf:pa, sJ1<Pavi~f:tat o.1tO au't~ 'tT)V li1to'l'T) 6A.c.oe;dpT)VtKTJ. 'EKtWanKa iSpyava tot) J.lf:yaAt1tTJ oAOO auto() aXf:5ioo 9a 'yiP vouv oi 1:UAAOYOt,&v 61toic.ov '" o.PXTJ,i>a'tf:pa iac.oc; o.1tOKa1totf:e; t J.LOVC.OJ.LtVf:e;ppaxuptf:C; 1tpOO'1ta9f:tf:e;,t01t09f:tf:t'tal atT)v TIo. Kat AT),to 1861. M; ypa<pooJ.lf: sa& s~c.o'tf:PtKT)iatopia,outf: 1tpoac.o1toypa<pia· 6J1(tle;iac.oe;£tval aK01t\J.LOva aT)J.lf:lc.o9f:t tt aav syd6 <paAoe; a' au'tT) 'ttl 9aoJ.LaatT) svoPxTJatpc.oaT), 61too aJ1iyoov at Eva 1tapUAAT)AOai>atT)J.La 6 o.AU'tpc.otOe; ai 6 SAtu9f:poc; "EAAT)K vtaJ.L6e;, <paivf:tat va 1tpt1tf:t va ovoJ1anatd 6 eRpoKAi'jC; Baala5T)e;:Ya'tf:pa o.1tOa1t005te; atT) rf:pJ.Lavia Kai atT) raAMa, S1ttatpt<pf:t'to 1859tatpoe; Kai <ptAOAoyoe;atT)v 06AT) o.7tO61too £IXf: <puYf:t,Kai o.J1tac.oe;aivf:'tat 6A01CA.T)pOe; S9vtKO SK7tat5f:ottKO ato EPYO, Jtt a't6xo o.1t01CA.ttatIKO'tT)V1tpoayc.oyT)'ti'jc;tAAT)VtKi'jC; 7tal5dae; J.Ltaaato X&po ti'je; 69c.oJ1aVtKi'je;:xu'toKpatopiae;. Ei1taJ1f: 6tt iame; £IX81tpoT)YT)9f:t '" ai>a'taaT) svoe; '11 5uo at>AAOyc.oVat s1tapXtaKte; 1t6Atle; ti'je; autoKpatopiae;, o.AAa £Ivat <pavf:po 6n aU'toi 5tv dxav o.1tOAUtc.oe; at>YKf:KptJ.LtVO 1tat5f:0t1KO aKo1t6, Kal. 6n 5tv J.L1t6pf:aav va ~TJaoov 7tOAU. TIap6J1ota, atT)v "EAA.a5a, 6Aa aU'ta 'ta <ptAtAt69f:pa KtVTJJ.lQ'tata 61tota yvc.opi~ooJ.lf:, t1t6J1f:VO1'itav va 1tapoov Kata 1tf:pi1t'tIDO'T)tOY xapaKtTJPa Aiyo i\ ' 1tOAUlito1tc.ov '11 J10attK&V at>AAOyc.oV. tA.oc; d5aJ.lf: 6tt J.lf:yaA.OC; T o.p19J10e; d1to<poi'tc.ov tot) o.9T)vaiKOt) TIavf:7ttatT)J.Lioo £IXf: s1tavapIDatt axoAtta ti'jc; 6J.LOytVf:lac;atT)V ToopKia, Kat liAAOt S1tlatTJJ10Vf:C;,spX6J.lf:vot Kat SKdvot o.1tO tT)V tAAT)VtKT)1tpc.o'tf:UOOaa, dxav 6'1'roaf:t ttl ata9J1T) t&v SAAT)vtK&VKOtVOtTJ'tc.ov J.LtO'a attc; 1t6Atle; ti'jc; aU'toKpa'topiac;. MAC;aT)J.lf:tc.o9d liAA.c.oatf:, 6'tt lvac; ~tvoc;, 1tpOaf:KttKoe; s~f:taatTte; t&v SAAT)'vtK&V 1tpaYJ1atc.ov, dXf: J.LOp<pdxJf:t 'tT)VSVtU1tO>O'T) oi VtOl 1tOUS1tta'tpf:<pav atic; 6n 1tatpi&e; tOOe;i>atf:pa o.7tOa1t005te; ato SAAT)vtKoTIavf:1ttatTJJ.LtO
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t 1'jtav l>1tEpj30A1KU t~TJJ.1j.lEVOlKatU ti]v KpiO"TJ troy KTJcSEj.lOVO>V tvOtTJta. Auti] &Iva1 it KpatOOO'a yvcOJ.lTJ, cS1aj3a~OUJ.l&,o 1875 : 9EA.&1 O"UJ.l1tATJpO>tOUe;. TIaVto>e;, tKEivo 1t00 eAEl1tE am) OATJ auti] ti]v U1t69&<rTJ «rEvlKi] t11ilKpatEi M~a on cS1Utroy O"UAAOyo>V 9fj to epyov tfje; J.l&yaATJe;9V1Kfje; t1tavaO"taO"&o>e; Kat o,n KatEA1t Kat tte; t1tlj.lEpOUe; tvcSla9EtEC;; i1 j.li] K1V";O"Ele;,1'jtaV it tcSpaio>O""; 7tOVatEAtc; it 0"1ta9TJ Kat to 1tUpoj30Aov, toOtO 9EAE1 a1tOtEA.&lcOtou; Kat it tvoPX";O"tPO>O""; rooc, To O"uv9TJJ.1a(UO"tEpa, Kat tcSro, O"E1it vEa YEVEUcS1Utroy <rUAAOyo>V». '0 L\. BEpvapcSaKTJe; O'da1tO Ka1t01EC; a1t01tElpEe; 1tOO Y1U tOY Evav i1 tOY liAAO AOYO 1ttEta1 tvtEAll>C; aVti9Eta, aAA<l it ucproptc tOU O"UYKAivElJ.lt tte; cStv YVcOploav O"uVEXEla) 9u 1tPOEA9El a1tO ti]v TIOATJ Kat J.Lt xcliAAEe;' &Iva1 Kat tKEiVTJ toO 1875: «ElcSE nc; itJ.lEpaV tlVU &ie;tOY ta1tATJKt1Ki] taxutTJta 9u t~a1tA0>9Ei O"ti]v l)1t6cSoUATJKat O"ti]V oepcvov aytt <rtaupoO I3fjJ.la PTJtOP1KOV, Kat1tEpl~ aUtoO tUe; tAEu9EPTJ 'EAMcSa. l:TJj.lElcOVOVtal Kat t1taVE1ATJj.lj.lEVEe;t1tlO"dAE~E1C; tautae; "l:uAAoyoe;". .. 'Ev tOUtcp vlxa ". TIapEu9iJe; 'JIE~e;toO BaO"lacSTJO"ti]V 'A9";va Kat npiv a1to til J.lEta1tOAitEUO"TJ O'UYKPOtEi O"UUoyov Kat icSoo tv p11tij o<p9aAJ.l00 O'uJ.l1tav to Kal j.lEta: O"ti] <pO>tE1Vi]o"tia 1t00 icSpUEtal O"ti]v TIoATJ (1861), t .... «1tAfjPEC; <rUAAOyo>V» « 'H J.lEXPl toME cSE... J.1~to ovouc «~lAOAOY1KOe; l:uAAoyoe; KO>VO"'tUVtlVOU1tOAEo>e;», 'EAATJV1KOV» O'J.lEUJ.lEVTJ yAll>O'O"_aoO e9voue; tAu9TJ tEAOe; 1taVto>v, Kat ti]v t 9a aVta1tOKp19Ei a1to ti]v tAEU9EPTJ 1tpO>tEUouO"a (1869) 6 «l:uAO"";J.lEPOV1tae; -EAATJV cS1EA9cbvto EUTJV1KOV <rXOA&tOVEXEl Kat AOYoC;1tpOe; L\lacSoO"lv troy 'EAATJV1KroVrpaJ.lJ.lato>v», icS10>nKoO 1tPOXE1POV,EV j3fjJ.la PTJtOP1KOV. -01tOU cSUo i1 tpEic; tv OVOJ.lan ~lKaiou 9EO"J.lOC;, aAA<l 1t00 1tpoj3AE1tEtal va cSl0XEtEUEl 1tpOe; tU toO EAATJviO'J.lOO, tKEi O"";J.l&POV Kat 6 O"UAAoyoe;tv J.lEO"cputrov». a E~O>ti]v 1tOA1tlO"J.llKi] 9EATJO"TJoO tAAT)V1KOO KpatOUe; Kat tU t J.1EO"a Y1Uti]v Ixnvonot TJO"";TJe;. t Elvui it EiPTJV1Ki] tpJ.lTJvEia tfje; MEyaATJe; 'IcSEac;, <ptaO"J.lEVTJ 1tlU O"ti]v liAATJ J.l0P<P";, Y1U ti]v 61toia J.llA";O"aj.lE,«it 'AVatOAi] ETIIAOrOl:, 0 «EAAHNIl:MOl:» cS1U tfje; 'AVatOAfje;». l:ti]v 'A9";va ~EXo>pi~o\lV 6 «Ilcpvoococ», 6pJ.1TJtlKO 'VEaVl1(O O"O>J.latEio (1865), Kat 6 «Bopev» (1868)' MEyaAOO"tOJ.lta i11tlKpOe; O"XEtAlaO'J.lOc;,it AE~TJt1tiJ.lova t1tacS~1tAaroue OJ.lo>e;,yupo> tOUC;, 1tOAA(X1tAao"la~OVtal 1tOAA<lliAAa, vEPXEta1: 6 'EAATJV10"J.lOe;. tOY opo auto eXOUJ.lEJ.l1UO'TJJ.laVt1rtu ~ltE Alyol;p:la strs 1tlO aV9EKt1KU O"to XPOVO Kat o rov KOpO. Ki] ucproptc, tfje; 61totac; to vOTJJ.la, a<poO 1tpoO"1ta9";<rouJ.l& VU til ~AAa exouv YEV1KOOe;1tOA1t10"j.l1KOOe;O"K01tOUC;, iUa, 01t0>e;it l 1 « Et(l1pEia troy ~iAO>V toO Acoo» (1865) a1toj3AE1tOUVO"t O"UYKE- 0"'tU9J.liO"oUJ.lEtpoO"EKnKa, J.l1topEi vu J.laC;t1tltPE'II&l VU KA.&iO"oUJ.lE KatU tP01tO opyavlKo til J.lEAStTJJ.lae; aut";, a<poO J.laA1O"ta 6 t1tiKP1J.1EVTJ icS1Ki] cSpaO"TJ,i1 tpE1tOVta1 tK troy UO"tEpO>V1tpOe; 1t10 E AOyOC;autOe; aviJKE1 aKpll3ll>e;, O"tO 1881. TIp6KElta1 YUl Eva KEt1tpaKt1Ktc; cSpaO"tTJP10tTJtEe; (YEo>pyia, KA1t.). J.lEVOtoO Krovoravrtvou TIa1taPPTJy01tOUAOU. To 1881 ~EKlVtl&l ,AAA<l O"tO xropo tfje; (lut01(patopiae;, it O"uO"taO"";roue, 1t00 VU cScOO"E1 J.l1UKalVoup1a EKcSOO'TJ 'Ioropiuc toO 'EAATJV1KOO tfje; Eival KatU xuvovu t~aptTJj.lEVTJ a1to to ~lAOAOytKO l:uAAOYO wE9vouC;' 9u ti]v tcSpalcOO"El J.Lt J.llU j3a9utata avavEO>J.lEVTJcSoJ.l";, tfje; TIoATJC;,eXE1 a1tOKAE10"t1KUO"K01tOtK1ta1cSEUnKo, J.lt OAEe;tte; Kat J.lt Eva O"TJJ.laVt1KO ltp6AOYO. 'H cSTJJ.lOO"iEUO"TJ 9u O"UVEX1cSt avaYKaiEe; icpOEKtaO"E1C;: 1tap9EvaYO>YEia, cSlcSaO"KaAEia. MUI erst, 9u O"taJ.lat";O"E1O't Eva 1tprotO tEGXoe;, J.lU1t00 EXE11tEP1MI3E1 li<p90vTJ <plAoAoyia <pUtPcOVElyupo> 0"' auti] ti]v EupUtatTJ KivTJtOY xcwoepio 1tp6AOYO' liAA.roO"tE,01t0>e; o"uV";91~E vu KavE1 6 O"TJ: ~EAATJVEC; ~EVOl cS1aj3AE1tOUV cSuvatotTJtEC; ttC; 61toiEe; Kat ttc; t9V1KOC; iO"tOplOypa<poc;, to icS10 auto KEtJ.l&VO1tapOUo"laO'tTJKE 1tapEXouv ol l:UAAOY01 Kat, liAAO>O"tE,exouv ti]v EUKalpia va Kat U1tO liAATJ J.lOP<P";: <be;1tpll>tO J.la9TJJ.la Y1U tte; 1taVE1tlO"tTJJ.llacS1a1t1O"tcOO"OUv 1tOAU tVtU1tO>O"laKUa1totEAEO"j.lata· it cS1ap9pO>O"TJ Kte; 1tapaMo"~lC; tOU tfje; XPOV1ae; 1881-1882. TttAO EXE1 it vEa troy O"O>j.latEto>Vautrov tOOe; t1t1tPE1tE1 VU t1tEKta900v EitE O"t, auti] tpyaO"ia, «Toroptc troy oV0J.lato>v -EAATJVEC;,EAATJV1KOV KatEu9uvO"E1e; liAA&e;, O"U'Y'YEVEie;, Ka9cbc; ti]v EU1totia, &itE 1tpOe; t til cSTJJ.110upyta O"XEO"EO>V cS1E9v1KroV,OltOU tViOtE j3AE1tOUj.lEtil'"''' , E9voC;, tAATJV10"J.l6e;».Tnv KpataJ.lE <bC;EKJ.l";P10 1t00 I3Ej3alcOvE1 on to <ruv9TJJ.la toO «tAATJV10"J.l00», liv KatU tOY o'U'Y'Ypa<pEa 1t~pouO"ia 1tVEUJ.latoe; 6J.l00"1tOVcS1aKOO(1t.X. EAATJVOaAj3av1Kot' tTJe; t1t1KpatTJO"E 1tOAO vmptrspu, 1tavto>e; 1'jtav tOtE apKEtU aKO"UVcSEO"J.l01). ' J.laio {bO"tEvu 7tpOtaO"O'Etat O"tte;~TJt";o"Ele; tte; O'xEttKte; J.Lt ttlV EA, 'H O"KE'JITJ 1U til O"uO"taO"TJroy O"UAAOYO>VAOKATJPo>votav Y t 6 ATJV1Ki]i<rtopta' liAA.roO"tE,liv cStv t~aVtAOOj.lE tcSll> til O"u~";tTJO"TJ J.1EO"a a1tO Evav tEJ.tKO O"tOXO: til O"UYKATJO"TJ, taKtte; XPOV1O"t t1tavo> O'tO 9Ej.la aut6, elvm Ylatt ol yvll>J.lEe;tte; 61toiEe; tK9EtE1 Kte; 1tEP10cSOUC;,O"UVEcSpto>V O"tU 61toia tK1tPOO"O>1t01troy OUA~Uy?>v 9u O"l)Vtov1~av to epyo. wEj3AE1tE6 'HpoKAfje; J3a<1~~cSTJe; O'tO J.lEAStTJJ.latOU auto 6 TIa1tapPTJy61tOUAOC; cStv KAEivouv ti]v U1t6~EO'TJ,aAA.a a,Vtt9Eto>e; tYKalVla~ouv J.l1U1tEpiocSo li~lO>V AOt~tola O"uvEcSp1a, «O"uvocSOUC;»01t0>e; ASE1, vu yivovtai,i:llge tptsyou ava<popll>v yupo> O'tO enuctvov Kat O"tO O"TJJ.lUlv6J.l&vOtoO t1a' etO"l tU tAATJV1K<lautU O"uVEcSp1a9u O"UJ.l1tA";po>vav O"tU j.la'EAATJV10"J.l00. tla J.lae; ti]v elxovo ti]v 67toia cSivouv ol aVtiO"t01XEe; <puAEnKEC; Kat ti]v KpataJ.lE aKOJ.la Y1U Evav liAAO AOYO : on 0"' auto ~ U1tEPE9vlKte; 1tpoO"1ta9E1Ee; troy l:MJ3rov, troy rEPJ.lavrov, t~V to KEiJ.lEVOt~U 6 TIa1tapPTJy61tOUAOe; I3Ej3alcOvE1Ott' it AS~TJ, 1t00 haArov. To J.lEpOC;toOtO toO J.lEyaAou 7tpoypaJ.lJ.latOC; cStv J.l1t0&lX,E«a~aKtTJo"E1 to 1taAa1 a~tO>J.la tv t(j) t1tlO"tTJJ.lOV1K(j)K60"J.lcp» PEO"Evu 1tpaYJ.lato1tOlTJ9Ei· to 1879 ti]v U1t09EO"TJtoO «l:uvEcSpiO"ta xpOVla 18~3 J.lt 1843, «&ie; ti]v YAll><rO"avtll>v 1tOAAll>v cStv ou troy l:UJ.,.AOyo>V» ti]v 7tfjPE O"tU XEp1a tTJe; it ' A9";va, eYlVE EiO"EXcOPTJO"&V &iJ.ltll3pacSUtEpov, cS16n a1to tfje; tv EtE1 1853 1t0E~a O"UVEcSP10o XP6vo tKEivo, avaYYEA9TJKE on 6 9EO"J.l0C; ut a A1t1Kfjc:;KpiO"Eroc;Kat t<pE~fje; aVt";XTJO"EVa1t' liKPOU Eroc;liKPOU tfje; t~c; 9u Ka91Epo>vOtav, &...AA<l M9TJKE O"UvEXEla O"ti]v 1tpo9&O"TJ· cSt 1\1ya XPovla apyotEpa opyavc09TJKE liAAO avaAoyo O"UVEcSP10 ,A VatOA fje; <b<rEt cS1aJ.laptupOJ.lEVTJ on to EAATJV1KOVE9voe; cStv 1tEP10pi~Eta1 tVtOe; toO O"tEVOO1tEP1j36Aou tfje; tA.&U9Epae; 'EAMO"ti]v TIoATJ, aAA<l ti]v EvcSEKatTJ {bpa a1tayopEUtTJKE a1to ti]v Soc». WEtO"l, tKcSTJAc09TJKE «cS1' IcSiou opou, J.ltl 51<pOPOUJ.lEVOU, it 090>J.1av1Ki] t~ouO"ta' Ei7tc09TJKEott it a1tayopEuO"TJ eY1vE uO"tEpa i191Ki] Kat 1tVEUJ.lanKi] Ev6tTJe; toO 1tOA1t1K&c; 5E51XOtOJ.lTJJ.lEVOU ~1t? U1tOcSEt~TJfjc; YEPJ.lav1Kfjc; 1tpEO"j3Eiae;. 'AAA<l it OATJaut~ t e9voue;». \)1t09EO"TJO"ta9TJKE O"UVElcSTJt";,O"TJJ.laVnKi] Kat a1totEAEO"J.lan~TJ TIpOKE1J.LEVOU1U J.llU tEt01a Kata<paO'TJ, it J.laptupia toO O"UyY 1tPOO"1ta9E1a, KatU til J.laptupia 'EAA";VO>VKat ~EVO>V,Y1U tTJV XP6vou 1tpt1tE1 VU EXE1 aU~TJJ.LEva51KalCllJ.lata O"ti]v KpiO"TJ J.lac;: 1tOAlt10"J.11Ki]t~a1tA.roO"TJtoO 'EAATJV10"J.100KatU tte; tEo"o"Eple; rej3El3a1cOvE1lSX1 uovo ti]v 1tapouO'ia ypa1ttll>v J.lVTJJ.l&to>v, AAU a AEUtaiEe; cSEKaEtiE~ toO aicOva. Kat ti]V il1tap~TJ <pEuyaAEO>VtVtU1tcOO"EO>V, ~TJt";O"&o>v 1t00 cStv «rvo>O'tov» elver, apxi~&l it «TIavcScOpa» Eva lip9po tTJe;, toO li<PTJO"av ypa1ttU xvap1a, cSlaXUto>v O"UAAOY1Kll>VPP1K1aO'EO>V, < 1872, «Ot1 t1tt troy tEAEutaio>v tOUto>v ttrov 1tYEp9TJ ~O>TJPotatTJ -nO"tE, a1tO ti]v li1tO"'TJ aut";, 6 O"U'YXPOVOC; <ptpvEl Kan 1t00 5tv QJ.11AAaJ.1Eta~o troy tv tij 'AVatOAij Kat L\uolJ tAATJV1KroVKOlVOto cSla9EtOUJ.l&tJ.lEiC;' cbO"t60"0 (Kat toOtO &tval to l3aO"lKo 1tp6tiJto>v 1tpOe; O"UO'taO"lv O"XOAEtO>V, AEO"XroV,avayvo>O"tTJpto>v Kat j3ATJJ.laY1U ti]v t~10"t6PTJO"T) troy O"U'YXpovo>v<pa1V0J.ltvo>v), O"tE<ru~A.6yo>v, O"K01tOV Kupio>e; txovto>v ti]v 1tpoayo>yi]v Kat ti]~ pEital a1tO til YVcOO"TJ 1tEpa1tEpo> t~EA.i~EO>V,O{ 61tOiEe; ~Etll>v aVa1ttu~lV toO 'EAATJV10"J.l00». 'H J.10Vlj.1TJ at O'ta9Epi] 6pJ.lTJ K pOUJ.lEon O"UXVU <pO>ti~ouv Kat ~EKa9api~ouv tU PO"a 1tpOTJy";9TJ1tpoe; ti]v EVOtTJta 1tlO"tEUEtal on I3pfjKE ti]v Kavov1K"; tTJe; cS1EKav. WEtO"l, Ei5aJ.lE on 6 opoe; MEyaATJ 'I()Eci 1'jtav O"tO <p9i~ocSo. '0 'Io>avvTJC;'ApyuplacSTJe;, O"tU tEATJ toO 1874, tK<pO>VEi OA vovta 190 al. apKE'tIl ~o>vtaVOe; {bO'tE vu cSTJJ.l10upysi VEOUe; yo «DEpt l:UAAOyo>v»' J.lt autOUe;, ASEl tKEi, 9u <ptaO"ouJ.l&O'ti]v 483

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d.,r.l!79WI4~"\ 'f,a.\ n&vcy)

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