Presented By : Niraj Aryal ( 니러저 )

Introduction

• Gamma-butyrolactone are signaling molecule which directly takes part

in the regulation of secondary metabolite even with very low

concentration.

• Virginiae butanolide (VB) is a gamma-butyrolactone autoregulator that

triggers production of virginiamycin M and S in Streptomyces virginiae.

• Likewise, SCB1 from S. coelicolor

• A-factor from S. griseus

• IM-2 from S. lavendulae FRI-5

are some of the most studied autoregulators.

This are previous studies made
on the biosynthesis of various
gamma-butyrolactone
(A) Solid arrows, shaded arrows, and open arrows indicate plausible regulatory genes,
resistance genes for virginiamycin, and genes for catalytic enzymes, respectively

• Here, they do the mutation analysis of barX, an afsA-family gene which has
function in the regulation of virginiamycin.
• barX deleted mutant was unable to produce the antibiotic demonstrating that
BarX is necessary to trigger virginamycin biosynthesis.
• To prove BarX plays role in VB biosynthesis thus regulating the antibiotic
production, they added chemically synthesized VB to culture medium after 8 h
resulting the restoration of production.
• Additionally, they carried out experiment to express barX in

the influnce of strong constituitive promoter ermEp*.

• They were able to produce virginiamycin 2 hour earlier than

the complemented strain(IC165) and wild type.

• But with homologue gene afsA in place of barX they got

75% less production of virginiamycin than the mutant in

which the barX is overexpressed.

• This result demonstrated that afsA can functionally

complement barX, and strongly suggest that BarX is and

catalytic enzyme for VB biosynthesis in S. virginae