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Short Note Biology Form 5-Chapter 2 Locomotion and Support
Short Note Biology Form 5-Chapter 2 Locomotion and Support
Short Note Biology Form 5-Chapter 2 Locomotion and Support
The skeletal system consists of the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.
Skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments, bones and joints work together to allow movement and to
provide support.
Ligaments are elastic and they connect bone to bone, holding them together to form a joint.
- Position of the skeletal muscles,ligament :
Terrestrial animals have muscles and a skeleton that enables them to crwal. walk and jump.
Fish have fins and myotome muscles on both sides of the backbone to enable them to swim in
the water.
Birds are light and have hollow bones and wings to fly in the air.
Earthworms move through a series of contraction and relaxation of the circular and
longitudinal muscles on the body wall that causes changes in the hydrostatic pressure in the body
fluid.
Grasshoppers have long hind legs that are folded in the shape of Z,which are always ready to
jump.Grasshoppers have 2 pairs of wings to enable them to fly.
Grasshopper has long hind legs that are folded in the shape of Z. When at rest (flexor muscles
contract) and the grasshopper is positioned for a jump.The legs pressing againt a resistant surface
produces a force which propels the body forwards and upward.
Aquatic plants are supported by the buoyancy of water, presence of aerenchyma tissues or air
sacs in the stem,petiole and leaves of the plant.
Terrestrial plans such as herbaceous plants with soft stems are supported by the turgidity of the
plant cells.
The parenchyma cells in the herbaceous plants absord water that exist and causes the cells to
become turgid.The turgidity of there plant cells gives support to the plant.
The xylem tissue,xylem vessels and tracheids are strengthened with lignin.There tissue form
annular rings in the stens called growth rings.
The walls of collenchyma tissue are thickened with cellulose and pectin.These tissues acy as
supporting tissues in young plants, non-woody stems and leaves.
Sclerenchyma tissues have walls that are thickened with lignin to provide support for plants.