a'4wd{df k~rzLn

— leIF' ;+3/lIft :ylj/ æ;4Dd sf]ljbÆ

zLn s] xf] <

cg'lrt kfksfo{af6 cnUu} /fVg] /fd|f]
cfr/0f, c;n :jefj zLn xf] . hfn–h+hfndo
ejb'Mvaf6 d'Qm u/fpg] ;b\aLh zLn xf] .
sn'lift g/fd|f] lrQnfO{ bdg ug{;Sg]
zlQmk'~h zLn xf] . eujfg\ a'4n] Ps;dodf
eGg'ePsf] 5—
;Ln]g ;'ult+ olGt, ;Ln]g ef]u;Dkbf .
;Ln]g lgAa'lt+ olGt, t:df ;Ln+ lj;f]wo] ..
cy{—
zLn /fd|/L kfng ug]{ JolQmnfO{ ;'ultdf
nfG5, zLnn] ef]u;DklQ lbG5 . cem zLnn]
lgjf{0f;Dd klg k'¥ofOlbG5 . t;y{ zLn /fd|f;] u+
z'4 x'gu] /L kfng ug'k{ 5{ .

zLn kfng ubf{sf u'0f

æbL3lgsfoÆ tyf æpbfgÆ u|Gydf zLn kfng ugf{sf kf"rj6f u'0fx¿ /x]sf] s'/f pNn]vdf
cfPsf 5g\ . tL x'g—
\
!= zLnjfg\ JolQm k|dfb jf a]xf]zdf gkg]{ x'gfn] w]/} w]/} wg;DklQ k|fKt x'G5, ePsf] wg ljgfz
x'g] ;+efjgf sd}dfq /xG5 .
@= zLn kfng ug]{ JolQmsf] ozsLlt{ rf/}lt/ km}lnG5, ;a}n] ;Ddfgsf] b[li6n] x]b5
{ .
#= h'g} ;efdf uP klg lgeL{s / lgz+sf]r¿kn] hfg;S5, dgdf s'g} klg lsl;dsf] 8/ / qf;
x'bg} .
$= zLn kfng ug]{ zLnjfg\ a]xf]z eP/ dg{ kb}g{ , ck|dfbLk"js
{ g} k|f0f Tofu ub{5 .
%= zLnjfg\ JolQm of] gZj/ z/L/nfO{ Tofu]/ d/] klg ;'ultdf pTkGg x'G5, b'ul{ tdf uP/
b'Mvsi6 ef]u ug'k{ b}g{ .

— 1 —
zLn cGtu{t cfpg] k~rzLn
k|To]s JolQmn] cf–cfkm\gf cfr/0f /fd|f] kfg{sf] nflu, cf–cfkm\gf] af]nLnfO{ kl/z'4 t'Nofpgsf]
nflu klg zLn kfng ug'k{ b{5 . zLn eGgfn] k~rzLn, ci6zLn, bzzLn, cf–cfkm"n] kfng ug'k{ g]{
sQ{Jox¿ eGg] a'lemG5 . o;df klg ;fdfGotM zLn eGgfn] w]/n } ] k~rzLn g} a'em\g] ul/Psf] klg
kfOG5 .
af}4 k/Dk/fcg';f/ h'g;'s} af}4 pT;j jf sfo{qmd klg k~rzLn k|fy{gfåf/f yfngL ug]{ k|rng
cBfjlw 5"b5 } , rfx] Tof] s'g} leIf'x¿ ;dIf xf];\ cyjf a'4k|ltdf ;Dd'v g} lsg gxf];\ . hLjgdf kfng
ug'k{ g]{ kf"rj6f /fd|f lzIffkb ePsfn] g} o;nfO{ k~rzLn elgPsf] xf] . tL kf"rj6f zLnx¿ o;k|sf/
5g\—
!= kf0ffltkftf cyf{t\ s'g} klg k|f0fLnfO{ b'Mv–si6 glbg', gdfg'{
@= clbGgfbfgf cyf{t\ c¿sf] rLha:t' rf]//] glng', g;f]lwsg klg glng'
#= sfd];l' dR5frf/f cyf{t\ k/:qL÷k/k'¿if udg gug',{ Jolerf/ gug'{
$= d';fjfbf cyf{t\ c;To–em'7f] s'/f gaf]Ng', Vofn Vofn}df klg e'm7f] gaf]Ng] k|oTg ug'{ tyf
%= ;'/fd]/o dHhkdfb6\7fgf cyf{t\ cDdn gzfn' kbfy{ ;]jg gug',{ hf"8 /S;L cflb gvfg' .

zLn k|fy{gf lsg <

k|To]s JolQmn] cf–cfkm"df ljBdfg bf]if, e"n tyf cju'0fx¿nfO{ :jo+n] yfxfkfO{ To;af6
cnlUug zLnk|fy{gf ug'k{ 5{ . cfkm"leq n's/] /x]sf g/fd|f kfk k|jl[ Qx¿nfO{ Tofu ug{ k~rzLn wf/0ff
ul/G5 . cf–cfkm\gf] cfr/0f Jojxf/df lgd{ntf, lgbf]i{ ftf sfod u/L ;a};u+ d}qLk"js { kf/:kl/s
d]nldnfkk"0f{ hLjg ofkg ug{sf] nflu k~rzLn k|fy{gf ul/G5 . ;du|¿kdf eGg'kbf{, cf–cfkm\gf]
rl/qnfO{ cf–cfkm\gf] Jojxf/nfO{ g/fd|f] / c;t\ sfds'/fx¿af6 6f9f g} /fvL c;n ;'jrg ;'sfo{df
leh]/ kl/z'4 aGgsf lglDt k~rzLnsf] k|fy{gf tyf Jojxf/df kfngf ug]{ ul/G5 .
:d/0fLo 5, zLn k|fy{gf ug'{ 7"nf] s'/f xf]Og, a¿ /fd|/L To;sf] kfng ug'r
{ flx+ dxTjk"0f{ s'/f xf] .
o;}n,] cfkm" a8f] rgfvf] /x]/ ck|dfbL–xf]zk"js { /fd|f] cfr/0fo'Qm zLn kfng ug{ ;bf–;j{bf k|oTgzLn
/xg' h¿/L x'G5 . ltAatL af}4 nf]sf]lQm o;/L klg /x]sf] 5— æh;n] zLn -wd{_ a'em]sf] 5 t/ k|of]udf
Nofp"bg} , pm Tof] dfG5] ;/x 5 h;n] aQL afN5 / cf"vf lrlDnG5 .Æ

zLn/lxt b]z / hLjg s:tf] xf]nf <

of] ;+;f/df x]b{} hfg] xf] eg] cfwfeGbf a9L hg;+VofnfO{ t k~rzLnsf] ;DaGwdf s]xL klg
yfxfePs} x'bg} , o;df s'g} z+sf 5}g . To;f] xf] eg] olb k~rzLn eg]sf] yfxfg} gkfpg] JolQmn] To;sf]
kfng ug{ s;/L ;+ej xf]nf < k~rzLndfq klg kfng gug]{ s'g} JolQmsf] cfr/0fdf s] /fd|f] ljZjf;
— 2 —
/xnf < pgLx¿ s;/L cfkm"nfO{ c'gzfl;t /
;+oldt agfpg ;Snfg\ < clg To:tf
zLn/lxt JolQmx¿n] el/Psf] kl/jf/ s:tf]
xf]nf < 6f]n, ;dfh s:tf] xf]nf < k"/f b]zsf]
eljio g} s:tf] xf]nf < emg\ cd"No of] dfgj
hLjg s:tf] xf]nf < of] s'/f klg ;f]rgLo x'g
cfp"b5 .
oxf", cfkm\gf] cfr/0f–Jojxf/ kl/z'4
t'Nofpg, zLndf cfa4 x'g :jo+nfO{ ck{0f
ug]{ TofuL–k|jl| htx¿ klg slxn]sfxL+ a]xf]zLn]
b'ZzLn / e|i6 x'g] sfo{ ug{ k'U5g\, b'ul{ tufdL
klg aGgk'Ug] x'G5g\ eg],
!_ k~rzLn eGg] zAb g} s]xL ghfg]sf,
ga'em]sf,
@_ hfg]ae
' m]tf klg zLn kfng ug{lt/ k6Ss} Wofg glbO{ a]jf:tf b]vfpg],
#_ k~rzLndWo] Ps g Ps zLnnfO{ jf ;a} zLnnfO{ lauf/]/ a:g] dfG5]x¿ d[To'kZrft\ 6fpsf] alh|g]
u/L b'ul{ tdf ktg x'g] s'/f cjZoDefjL 5 .

hLjgsf] kmfObf–a]kmfObf
h;/L Jofkf/Ln] s]xL /sd nufgL u/L Jofkf/ ubf{ kmfOb}sf] rfxgf /fVb5, a]kmfObfsf] cfzf kSs}
klg /fv]sf] x'b" g} , To;/L g} dg'io hLjgdf xfdLn] kmfObf x'g,] ;b\ultdf k'Ug] s'zn sNof0fsf/L sfo{
ug{ hfGg'k5{ . o;nfO{ cem :ki6¿kdf a'em\gsf] nflu oxf" o;/L klg a'emf}— +
!_ d[To'kl5 dg'io hLjg g} k|fKt ePdf clxn]em}+ ;dfg eof], s]xL s'g} kmfObf ePg .
@_ d[Tokl5 ;b\ult k|flKt eP/ b]jTj a|xd
\ fTjdf k'u] ljho g} eof], xfdLnfO{ kmfObf g} eof] .
#_ d[To'kl5 b'ul{ tdf k/]/ kz'–k+IfL, c;'/, k|t] / gf/sLo k|f0fLx¿dWo] s'gd
} f ktg x'gk'u] g/fd|/L 3f6f
eof], hLjgdf a]kmfObf g} eof] .

b'ul{ taf6 ;'ultdf k'Ug uf¥xf]

sy+sbflrt\ xfdLdWo] sf]xL b'ul{ tdf ktg eof] eg] Toxf"af6 d'Qm x'g / ;'ultdf k'Ug eg]sf] ;f¥x}
uf¥xf] sfd xf] . ;a}nfO{ yfxfePs} s'/f xf], b'ul{ tsf] cj:yfdf wd{sf] s'/f ;'Gg clt b'ne{ jf sl7g x'G5 .
wdf]k{ b]z ;'lgxfn]df klg a'em\g uf¥xf] x'G5 jf egf},+ a'em\g c;Dej k|foM x'G5 . To:tf k|f0fLn] kfkd'Qm
k'0osfo{ ug'{ eg]sf] cfsfzsf] kmn cf"vf t/L d/ eg]em}+ xf] . t;y{, PskN6 b'ul{ tdf ktg eO;s]kl5
— 3 —
km]l/ To;af6 d'Qm eP/ ;b\ultdf k'Ugsf] nflu cfzfdfq ug{ klg clt uf¥xf] 5 . o;}n] b'ul{ tdf ktg
u/fpg] To:tf g/fd|f] b'jr { g / b'isd{nfO{ TofUg hfGg'k5{ . ;'v / zflGtsf] d"n Pj+ ;b\ultsf]
k|jz] dfu{¿kL /fd|f] cfr/0f, /fd|f] lzIff / /fd|f] zLnnfO{ x/xd];f kl/kfngf ug{ tTk/ x'gk' 5{ .

lx+;f ug'x
{ G' g
;a}nfO{ yfxfePs} s'/f xf], oxf" h;n] c¿nfO{ b'Mv–si6 lbG5, p;nfO{ b'Mvsi6 lbg] csf]{
cfp"5 . h;n] c¿nfO{ dfg],{ xTof–lx+;f ug]{ ck/fw ub{5, p;nfO{ dfg]{ klg csf]{ JolQm hlGd;s]sf]
x'G5 . k'gM lx+;s JolQmsf] ¿knfj0odf ;f}Gbo{tfsf] sdL x'G5, zLn:jefjdf sdL eO/xG5 .
¿kdf lj¿ktf, ckf+u, b'an { , s'i7/f]u, c¿sf] 3[0ff, czfGt :jefj, cnIf0f, ;"/f] geO{ sft/,
anzlQm xLg, c:ki6 af]nLn] xf:of:kb aGg], nf6f], PSn} eO{ b'Mv ef]Ug'kg],{ kmfObfhgs sfo{df nfUg
g;Sg], cfkm\gf] wgwfGo n'6fP/ a:g'kg],{ c¿af6 dg'k{ g],{ lk|ohg;+u la5f]l8g], cNkfo' x'g,] b'ul{ tufdL
x'g] cflb ;Dk"0f{ ljkfs k|f0fLlx+;fs} b'ikl/0ffd x'g\ eGg] s'/f af}4 jfª\dodf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . To:t},
nf]enfUbf] cfsif{s ¿k, c¨k|To¨ kl/k"0f{ z/L/, z"/–jL/, zlQmdfg\, c¿af6 d[To' x'g gkg],{ 7"nf] ;DkGg
kl/jf/, /f]u Joflwsf] sdL, lk|o laof]u gx'g,] bL3f{o' cflb eg] lx+;f gubf{sf /fd|f kmn jf ;'kl/0ffdx¿
x'g\ .

rf]/L ug'x
{ G' g
cfkm\gf] dgleqsf] nf]en] ubf{, t[i0ffsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ dfG5]n] rf]/L ub{5 . cfkm\gf] lrha:t'
x/fp"bf jf s;}af6 rf]l/+bf of] cfkm\gf] dg b'V5, c¿nfO{ lwSsfb{5 t/ klg xfdL hfgL–ghfgL csf{sf]
lrha:t' rf]/L klg ug{ k'U5f},+ s:tf] crDd .
bl/b|–b'MvL aGg], sdfOsf] wg l:y/ gx'g,] s8f kl/>dn] dfq s]xL k|fKt x'g,] /fhf, kfgL, cfuf],
rf]/ / zq'x¿af6 ;w}+ eoeLt x'g,] gLr\ s'ndf cg]s b'Mv ef]Ug'kg],{ vfg], lkpg] s'/fsf] cefjdf dfUb}
af"Rg'kg],{ rf]/Lsf] b'i6tfn] b'ul{ tufdL x'g] cflb rf]/L ubf{sf g/fd|F ljkfsx¿ x'g\ . wg;DklQsf] kl/k"0f{tf,
l:y/tf, OlR5t a:t'sf] ;xh k|flKt, rf]/, zq' cflbåf/f clgi6 gx'g] wgwfGo x'g] cflb rf]/L gubf{sf /fd|F
kmnx¿ x'g\ egL af}4 ;flxTodf pNn]v ePsf] 5 .

Jolerf/ ug'x
{ G' g
OHht / k|lti7f eg]sf] ;a}sf] Kof/f] ljifo xf] . o;df afwf k'Ubf hf];s
' n
} fO{ klg dg gkg',{
leq}bl] v l/; cfpg' :jefljs s'/f xf] . o;sf afjh"b klg dfG5]x¿ Jolerf/ e|i6frf/ ug{ kl5 kb}g{ .
w]/s
} f] clk|o zq' aGg], c¿sf] ;xof]u laNs'n} gkfpg], ;lhn} p7\g, a:g / ;'Tg g;Sg], gk'; + s
x'g,] d/0fkZrft\ ckfo b'ul{ t ef]Ug'kg]{ cflb Jolerf/ ugf{sf g/fd|f b'ikl/0ffdx¿ x'g\ . To:t}, zq'/lxt
eO{ kf/:kl/s x]nd]n a9\g,] cfgGbn] ;'Tg, a:g, p7\g ;lsg], lrGtf kL/ geO{ k|lti7fn] k|d ] k"js
{ af"Rg
;lsg] cflb Jolerf/ gug's { f /fd|f kmnx¿ x'g\ .
— 4 —
c;To af]Ng'xG' g
c;To ld7f] nfUg;S5 t/ kl/0ffd eg] o;sf]
eofjx Pj+ clk|o g} x'G5 . em'7f] af]Ng] dfG5] dgk5{ ls
egL s;}nfO{ ;f]wd ] f ;a}af6 Pp6} hjfkm cfpg]5,
dgkb}g{ . kSsf xf], xfdLnfO{ klg em'7f] af]Ng] dfG5]
dg kb}g{ t/ hfg]/ xf];\ cyjf ghfg]/, xfdL cfkm}+
em'7f] af]lnlbG5f}+ .
cz'4 s'ndf lj¿k x'g,] nf6f] as gkm'6g\ ,]
bf"tsf] agfj6 gldnL c:ki6 af]nfO x'g,] clt df]6f]
cyjf clt b'Anf] tyf clt e2f cyjf clt k'8s \ ] z/L/
x'g,] b'ul{ Gwt, c¿n] s'/f ;'Gg k6Ss} dg gk/fpg],
d/0fkZrft\ b'ul{ tufdL x'g] OToflb c;To s'/f af]Ngfsf b'ikl/0ffdx¿ x'g\ . To:t}, /fd|f] OlGb|o ePsf]
z/L/ nfe, bf"tx¿sf] k+lQma4 ;f}Gbo{, cgfjZos ¿kn] df]6f]–b'Anf] geO{ dWod l7Sssf] z/L/, d'vaf6
;'jf;gf, ;a}n] s'/f kTofpg], cf1fsf/L aGg] cflb em'7f] gaf]Ng'sf c;n kl/0ffdx¿ x'g\ .

;'/fkfg ug'x
{ G' g
ljleGg sf/0f b]vfO{, ljleGg afWotf cf}N+ ofO{ dfG5] cDdn gzfdf r'nl{' Ddg] ub{5 . PskN6 dfG5]
cDdn gzfn' kbfy{sf] s'ntdf km";k] l5 bL3{sfn;Dd km":5, km"l;/xG5 . o;sf] ;]jgn] xfgL l;jfo s'g}
nfe 5}g, yfxf 5 t/ klg hf"8–/S;L cflb gzfnfO{ cfkm\gf] cleGg¿kdf c+ufln/xG5 .
a'l4xLg, :d[ltxLg, cN5L, abdf;, kfun hLjg, ;dflw/lxt, å]ifL–qmf]wL, sk6L–O{Zof{n' lrQ, em'¶f,
r'snL ug],{ s[tWg, bfg–zLn ghfGg], kfksfo{df lgn{Hh / lge{o x'g,] ldYofb[li6df k/L b'i6 gLr sd{ ug]{
cflb gzf ;]jg ug's { f clgjfo{ b'ikl/0ffd x'g\ . To:t}, 1fg–a'l4 o'Qm, lg/fn;L, O{Zof{/lxt, :d[ltjfg\,
k|dfbljxLg, zfGt–;Eo :jefj, s'sd{df nHhf / eo x'g,] k|lti7f /xg] s'/fdfq ug{hfGg] x'g] cflb gzf ;]jg
gubf{ x'g] /fd|f kl/0ffd jf cflgz+;x¿ x'g\ egL af}4 jfª\dodf :ki6 pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

pk;+xf/
;s]df lgTo zLnk|fy{gf u/f},+ t/ g/fd|f] sfd–s'/f ug{ jf x'gnfUbf ;hu–;r]t eg] cjZo} agf}+ .
ha;Dd xfdL :jo+ zLnsf] dlxdf, dxTj / jf:tljstf hfGg ;Qm}gf},+ leqL Xbon] cg'ej / cg'el" t ug{
hfGb}gf},+ ta;Dd g/fd|f] Jojxf/af6 cnlUug / zLndf k|ltli7t x'g uf¥xf]dfq xf]Og, c;+ej k|foM g}
x'G5 . t;y{, zLn–k~rzLnsf] jf:tljstf hfg]/ zLn kl/kfngf ug{ ;sf},+ s'dfu{af6 6f9f eO{ b'Mvd'Qm
;Gdfu{df cl3 a9\g ;kmn xf]cf},+ oxL xfd|f] ;fd"lxs cfjfh x'gk' 5{ . eujfg\ a'4 cfkm\gf cg'ofoL
leIf'x¿nfO{ elg/xg' x'GYof]—
– c;+doL b'/frf/L e} b]zsf] cGg vfg'eGbf cfuf] em}+ /ftf] tft]sf] kmnfdsf] 8Nnf] vfg' a]; 5 .
– b'/frf/L / c;dflxt k'¿ifsf] ;o jif{sf] hLjgeGbf ;bfrf/L / WofgL k'¿ifsf Ps lbgsf] hLjg g} a]; 5 .
000
— 5 —