An Introduction To

Two – Port Networks

The University of Tennessee

Electrical and Computer Engineering
Knoxville, TN
wlg
 Two Port Networks
Generalities: The standard configuration of a two port:

I1 I2
+ +
Input Output
V1
_ Port The Network Port
V2
_

The network ?

The voltage and current convention ?

* notes
 Two Port Networks
Network Equations:

Impedance
V1 = z11I1 + z12I2 V2 = b11V1 - b12I1
Z parameters
V2 = z21I1 + z22I2 I2 = b21V1 – b22I1

Admittance I1 = y11V1 + y12V2 V1 = h11I1 + h12V2

Hybrid
Y parameters H parameters
I2 = y21V1 + y22V2 I2 = h21I1 + h22V2

Transmission V1 = AV2 - BI2 I1 = g11V1 + g12I2

A, B, C, D
parameters
I1 = CV2 - DI2 V2 = g21V1 + g22I2

* notes
 Two Port Networks
Z parameters:

V z11 is the impedance seen looking into port 1

z  1
11 I I 0 when port 2 is open.
1 2

V z12 is a transfer impedance. It is the ratio of the

z  1
12 I I 0 voltage at port 1 to the current at port 2 when
2 1 port 1 is open.

V
z  2 z21 is a transfer impedance. It is the ratio of the
21 I I 0
1 2 voltage at port 2 to the current at port 1 when
port 2 is open.
V
z  2 z22 is the impedance seen looking into port 2
22 I I 0
2 1 when port 1 is open.

* notes
 Two Port Networks
Y parameters:

I y11 is the admittance seen looking into port 1

y  1
11 V V 0 when port 2 is shorted.
1 2

I y12 is a transfer admittance. It is the ratio of the

y  1
12 V V 0 current at port 1 to the voltage at port 2 when
2 1 port 1 is shorted.

I
y  2 y21 is a transfer impedance. It is the ratio of the
21 V V 0
1 2 current at port 2 to the voltage at port 1 when
port 2 is shorted.
I
y  2 y22 is the admittance seen looking into port 2
22 V V 0
2 1 when port 1 is shorted.

* notes
 Two Port Networks
Z parameters: Example 1

Given the following circuit. Determine the Z parameters.

I1 I2
8  10 

+ +

V 1 20 20  V 2

_ _

Find the Z parameters for the above network.

 Two Port Networks
Z parameters: Example 1 (cont 1)

For z11: For z22:

Z11 = 8 + 20||30 = 20  Z22 = 20||30 = 12 

I1 I2
8  10 
For z12:
+ +

V 1 20 20  V 2
V
z  1 _ _
12 I I 0
2 1

20 xI 2 x 20 Therefore: 8 xI 2
V1   8 xI 2 z 12  8 = z 21
20  30 I2
 Two Port Networks
Z parameters: Example 1 (cont 2)

The Z parameter equations can be expressed in

matrix form as follows.

V1   z11 z 12   I 1 
V    z   
z 22   I 2 
 2   21

V1   20 8   I 1 
V     I 
 2   8 12  2 
 Two Port Networks
Z parameters: Example 2 (problem 18.7 Alexander & Sadiku)

You are given the following circuit. Find the Z parameters.

I1 I2
1 4 

+ +
+ 2 
1 Vx
V 1 V 2
- 2Vx
_
_
 Two Port Networks
Z parameters: Example 2 (continue p2)

I1 I2
V 1 4 
z  1
11 I I 0 + +
1 2 + 2 
1 Vx
V 1 V 2
-
V V  2V x 6V x  V x  2V x 2Vx
I1  x  x  _
_

1 6 6
3V x
I1  ; but V x  V1  I 1 Other Answers
2
Z21 = -0.667 
Substituting gives;

3V1  I 1  V1 5 Z12 = 0.222 

I1  or  z11  
2 I1 3
Z22 = 1.111 
 Two Port Networks
Transmission parameters (A,B,C,D):

The defining equations are:

V1   A B   V2 
 I   C D    I 
 1   2 

V1 V1
A B
V2 I2 = 0  I2 V2 = 0

I1 I1
C D
V2 I2 = 0  I2 V2 = 0
 Two Port Networks
Transmission parameters (A,B,C,D):
Example Given the network below with assumed voltage polarities and
Current directions compatible with the A,B,C,D parameters.

I1 -I2

+ +
R 1
V 1 R 2 V 2
_
_

We can write the following equations.

V1 = (R1 + R2)I1 + R2I2

V2 = R2I1 + R2I2
It is not always possible to write 2 equations in terms of the V’s and I’s
Of the parameter set.
 Two Port Networks
Transmission parameters (A,B,C,D):
Example (cont.)
V1 = (R1 + R2)I1 + R2I2

V2 = R2I1 + R2I2

From these equations we can directly evaluate the A,B,C,D parameters.

V1 R1  R2 V1
A = B = R1
V2 I2 = 0 R2  I2 V2 = 0

I1 I1
C =
1 D = 1
V2 I2 = 0 R2  I2 V2 = 0

Later we will see how to interconnect two of these networks together for a final answer
* notes
 Two Port Networks
Hybrid Parameters: The equations for the hybrid parameters are:

V1   h11 h12   I 1 

 I   h h22  V 2 
 2   21

V1 V1
h11  h12 
I1 V2 = 0 V2 I1 = 0

I2 I2
h21  h22 
I1 V2 = 0 V2 I1 = 0

* notes
 Two Port Networks
Hybrid Parameters: The following is a popular model used to represent
a particular variety of transistors.

I1 K I2
1

+ + +

V K 2V 2 K 4 V
1
_ K 3V 1 2

_ _

We can write the following equations:

V1  AI 1  BV 2
V2
I 2  CI 1 
D
* notes
 Two Port Networks
Hybrid Parameters: V1  AI 1  BV 2
V2
I 2  CI 1 
D

We want to evaluate the H parameters from the above set of equations.

V1 V1
h11  = K1
h12  = K2
I1 V2 = 0 V2 I1 = 0

I2
h21  = K3 I2 1
I1 V2 = 0
h22  = K
4
V2 I1 = 0
 Two Port Networks
Hybrid Parameters: Another example with hybrid parameters.

Given the circuit below.

I1 -I2
The equations for the circuit are:
+ +
R 1
V1 = (R1 + R2)I1 + R2I2
V 1 R 2 V 2
_
_ V2 = R2I1 + R2I2

The H parameters are as follows.

V1 V1
h11  h12 
I1 = R1 V2
= 1
V2=0 I1=0

I2 I2 1
h21  = -1 h22  =
I1 V2 R2
V2=0 I1=0
 Two Port Networks
Modifying the two port network:
Earlier we found the z parameters of the following network.

I1 I2
8  10 

+ +

V 1 20 20  V 2

_ _

V1   20 8   I 1 
V    8 12  I 
 2    2

* notes
 Two Port Networks
Modifying the two port network:
We modify the network as shown be adding elements outside the two ports

6 I1 I2
8  10 

+ + +
10 v V 1 20 20  V 2 4 
_

_ _

We now have:
V1 = 10 - 6I1
V2 = - 4I2
 Two Port Networks
Modifying the two port network:
We take a look at the original equations and the equations describing
the new port conditions.

V1   20 8   I 1  V1 = 10 - 6I1
V    8 12  I 
 2    2 V2 = - 4I2

So we have,

10 – 6I1 = 20I1 + 8I2

-4I2 = 8I1 + 12I2

* notes
 Two Port Networks
Modifying the two port network:
Rearranging the equations gives,

1
 I 1   26 8  10 
I   8   0 
 2  16


 I1  0.4545 
 I   -0.2273 
 2  
 Two Port Networks
Y Parameters and Beyond:

Given the following network.

I1 1 
I2

+ +
1 s
V 1 V
s 2
_ _
1 

(a) Find the Y parameters for the network.

(b) From the Y parameters find the z parameters

 Two Port Networks
Y Parameter Example
I I
y  1 y  1
I1 = y11V1 + y12V2 11 V V 0 12 V
1 2 2 V 0
1
I2 = y21V1 + y22V2 I I
I2 y  2 y  2
I1 1  21 V V 0 22 V V 0
1 2 2 1
+ +
1 s
V 1
s V 2
short
_ _ We use the above equations to
1  evaluate the parameters from the
To find y11
network.

2
V1  I 1 ( s ) I  2  so
I
y  1 = s + 0.5
1
21 s  2 s  1  11 V
1 V 0
2
 Two Port Networks
Y Parameter Example

I1 I2
1 
I
y  2 + +
21 V V 0
1 2 1 s
V 1
s V 2
_ _
1 

We see

V1   2I 2 I
y  2 = 0.5 S
21 V
1
 Two Port Networks
Y Parameter Example
I1 I2
1 

To find y12 and y21 we reverse short + +

1 s
V
things and short V1 1
s V 2
_ _
I
y  1 1 
12 V V 0
2 1
I
We have y  2
22 V V 0
2 1

We have

V2   2I1
2s 1
V2  I 2 y22  0.5 
( s  2) s
I
y  1 = 0.5 S
12 V 2
 Two Port Networks
Y Parameter Example

Summary:

 y11 y12   s  0.5  0.5 

y  
y22    0.5 0.5  1 s 
Y =
 21

Now suppose you want the Z parameters for the same network.
 Two Port Networks
Going From Y to Z Parameters

For the Y parameters we have: For the Z parameters we have:

I Y V V Z I
1
From above; V Y I Z I
Therefore
 y y 
 22 12
 where
z z  
 Y 
1
  Y  Y  det Y
Z Y
z
11
z
12
   y y 
 21 22   21 11 
   
 Y Y 
Two Port Parameter Conversions:
 Two Port Parameter Conversions:

To go from one set of parameters to another, locate the set of parameters

you are in, move along the vertical until you are in the row that contains
the parameters you want to convert to – then compare element for element

H
z11 
h22
 Interconnection Of Two Port Networks

Three ways that two ports are interconnected:

ya Y parameters
* Parallel
yb
 y    ya   
 yb

Z parameters
 z    za   
za
* Series  zb
zb

ABCD parameters

* Cascade Ta Tb T   Ta  Tb 

 Interconnection Of Two Port Networks
Consider the following network:

I1 I2
R 1 R 1
V2
Find + +
V1
V1 R 2 R V2
T1 2
T2
_ _

Referring to slide 13 we have;

 R1  R2 R  R 
 R1   1 2 R1  V
V1   R   R2  
I    2  2 
 1  1  1    I2 
1  1

 R2   R2 
 Interconnection Of Two Port Networks

 R1  R2 R  R 
 R1   1 2 R1  V
V1   R   R2  
I    2  2 
 1 I
 1  1 1  1   2

 R2   R2 
Multiply out the first row:

  R  R  2 R   R  R   
V1    1 2   1  V   1 2  R  R  (  I )
  R  R  2   R  1 1
 2 
  2  2  2   

Set I2 = 0 ( as in the diagram)

V2 R2 2 Can be verified directly


V1 R1  3 R1 R2 R2 2 by solving the circuit
2
Basic Laws of Circuits

End of Lesson
Two-Port Networks