Bhongle Vishal 241023

Bhuse Anil 241025

Dighewar Rajesh 241044
Jagadale Nilesh 241059
INTRODUCTION
A structure constructed to discharge the surplus
water from a reservoir into the river, on the
downstream side without endangering the safety of
dam is known as SPILLWAY.

It is also known as Waste Weir or Surplusing

Structures

Thus spillway essentially acts as safety valve of dam.

Component parts of spillway
Approach Channel

Control Structure

Energy Dissipater

Tail Channel
APPROACH CHANNEL
Carry water from the reservoir
to the control structure.
It may be shallow or deep,
depending upon the
topography.
The width of the approach
channel should be adequate to
have uniform distribution of
water.
The approach should be at right
angle to the spillway weir for a
sufficient length
CONTROL STRUCTURE
the major component of a spillway as it regulates and
controls the discharge.
It generally consists of an ogee weir with or without
gates.
the gates can also be operated manually or electricaly
A road bridge is also designed over the weir
supported by piers and abutments.
ENERGY DISSIPATOR
Energy dissipation arrangement at the toe of the
dam weir is indirectly a must.
The type of the energy dissipation arrangement
depends upon
1. The discharge,
2. The geological conditions at the site,
3. The magnitude of the energy to be dissipated,
4. Tail water rating curve
 THE TAIL CHANNEL
The tail channel conveys the flood discharge from the
energy dissipater to the main river channel.

The tail channel design should be such that there is

neither silting nor scouring.

The tail channel is required to be kept straight for some

distance so that the performance of the energy dissipater
will be satisfactory.

The junction of the tail channel with the main river should
not be at right angles and should be at as small angle as
possible.
Special types of spillway
Side Channel Spillway
Chute or Trough Spillway
Siphon Spillway
Conduit Spillway
Shaft Spillway
Breaching Section
 SIDE CHANNEL SPILLWAY

In a narrow valley

 power house
ungated spillway weir
parallel to the river
discharg.
 trapezoidal in cross-
section
open channel
 Chute or Trough Spillway
The spillway at flank.

Heavy rock excavation at

higher level.

 Excavation not economical

or feasible.

Steeply sloping channel.

 SIPHON SPILLWAY
closed conduit in a shape of
inverted U tube.
Advantages –
It can discharge with full
capacity.
The operation is automatic.
 It has no moving parts or
mechanical devices,
 SIPHON SPILLWAY

Disadvantages –
It cannot pass ice or debris.
possibility of clogging the
siphon conduit.
water freezes, siphon action
will not start.
Energy dissipation
arrangement is difficult to
design.
 
 CONDUIT SPILLWAY

water through reservoir

by closed channel.

no symphonic action.

river gorge is very narrow

 SHAFT SPILLWAY

Four elements
1. A circular overflow
control weir.
2. A vertical tunnel.
3. horizontal conduit
4. An energy dissipation
arrangement at the end of
the horizontal tunnel.
Hydraulic Design of Spillway
Case Study Upper Wardha Project

salient features of the project

1. Name of the river – Wardha

2. Location – Near Simbora Village,
Taluka – Morshi, District – Amravati.
3. Catchment Area –4302 Sq.Km
Hydrology of Spillway
Maximum Flood Discharge
The maximum flood discharge may be estimated by
1. Using available data
2. Unit hydrograph method
3. Empirical formula
4. Envelope curve
In our case we calculated by,
Inglis Formula, 125M
Q
( M  10.24)
Where,M=catchment area in sq.km
Location of Spillway
The spillway may be located –
In the gorge portion
On either of the flanks
 In a saddle.

In our case,
Good rock in the river portion was available at 61.00 m
i.e. 6.00 m from the river bed level
In view of this the spillway was proposed to be located
in the gorge portion.
Control Structure
Upstream Profile:
The control structure will be an ogee type weir.
The profile of ogee weir will be according to USWES
profile,
Xn = K Hdn-1 y
Where, x = Co-ordinates in x direction.
K = constant.
Hd = Design head.
n = constant
Design Head Hd =HFL-Crest Level
=(108-100)
=8 m
The values of n and K can be calculated by following table
Upstream Profile n K

Vertical 1.85 2.000

1:3 1.836 1.936

2:3 1.850 1.939

3:3 1.776 1.873

As the spillway located in gorge portion Upstream face is

Vertical therefore,
n=1.85 & K=2.00
Upstream Profile
The Upstream Profile is designed as per recommendations
of USWES
a = 0.175 Hd = 1.40 m
b = 0.282 Hd = 2.256 m
r1 = 0.5 Hd = 4.00 m.
r2 = 0.2 Hd = 1.60 m .
Upstream Curve
 Downstream Profile
For the structural stability the maximum downstream
slope of the weir is restricted to 0.8 horizontal to 1.0
vertical.
The tangent point is worked out follows
1.85
  x
x = 2 Hd0.85
1.85 y
0.85
2H d
y=
dy 1.0 1.85 x 0.85
 
d x 0.8 2 H d 0.85

x=11.40m
y=7.70m
Downstream Curve
The co-ordinates of the ogee weir downstream of the
crest are as follows –
Sr.No X Y Remark

1 1.00 0.0854

2 3.00 0.65

3 5.00 1.67

4 7.00 3.125

5 9.00 4.97

6 11.00 7.21

7 11.40 7.70 Tangent Point

Radial Gates
The number and size of the gates is finalized to suit the
Width of river.
The flood discharge.
The storage between the gates.

The U.S.B.R. recommendations regarding the radial gates

as follows
The ratio of width to height of the radial gate be as far
as possible 2:3
The radial should rest on the weir at a point 0.5 m to
1m lower than the crest of the weir.
The radius of the skin plate be equal to 1.25(H d – 1)
R=1.25(Hd -1)
=1.25(8-1)
=8.75m
Height of trunion axis above the sill beam level be 3/4
to 1/2 (Hd -1)
=.75 Hd to 0.5(Hd -1)
=6 to 3.5m
Trunion axis level=5.00m above crest level

Sill Beam Level= 1.00m below crest level

Radial Gates
 ENERGY DISSIPATING ARRANGEMENT
Methods adopted are as follows –
1. Hydraulic jump type stilling basin.
2. Bucket type energy dissipation.
3. Flip or ski-jump bucket
4. Interacting jet, splitter etc
As the rock at the down-stream side of the dam was available
at about 6 meters below the ground, the last two alternatives,
viz.
 Flip or ski-jump bucket.

 Interacting jet, splitter etc.

Have been discarded

Hence we will design the tail channel with ‘Hydraulic jump
type stilling basin’
 TAIL WATER RATING CURVE
Developed on one cross section at the dam site.
Coefficient of rugosity was assumed equal to 0.03 and
the slope of the river was assumed to be in equal 1 in
1000.
Sr.No Discharge Tail Water Depth
level
1 750 75.5 74.0
2 1500 78.0 77.0
3 2250 79.5 79.0
4 3100 81.85 81.85
TAIL WATER RATING CURVE
 HYDRAULIC JUMP TYPE STILLING BASIN
The pre jump depth (d1) and post jump depth (d2) are
calculated as follows.

E = F.R.L. level – foundation level of spillway.

E = 108 – 67 
E = 41m
Now,  E  2
 
E=d1+  d1  2 g

d1=1.55m
 V1 = q
d1
q = discharge/total length of spillway (Discharge per unit
length passing through a single gate)
q = 3100
 6 X 12
q = 43.05 m3/sec/m .
V1=
43.05
1.55
V1=27.77 m/sec

Fr1= V1
gd1
Fr1=7.12
Now,
 
d2= d1 1  8 Fr12  1
2

d2=14.85m
 Conclusion
For the Upper Wardha Project the design of spillway with
slight modifying the data was carried out as per
recommendations of USWES and USBR for stilling basin
An ogee shaped gated spillway was designed to pass flood
discharge of 3100 cumecs. Also 6 radial gates were designed
control the flood discharge. For energy dissipation purpose
the hydraulic jump curve and tail water rating curve are
studied.
Due to tail water deficiency, to match the hydraulic jump
curve and tail water rating curve, the stilling basin was
depressed.