QUESTION 1

Constructivism is an approach that is

widely use in teaching and learning
of science.
a) Explain the reason why science teacher should use the
constructivism theory in teaching. (10 marks)
i. Use student prior knowledge
- Use student prior knowledge to develop new knowledge
- A process whereby students build their knowledge by testing idea
and approaches based on their existing knowledge and their
experience.
- Example: teacher want to teach about classification of animal.
Students used their experience visiting zoo to characterize the
animals.

ii. Teacher act as facilitator

- Teacher guide student to find the relationship between problem
and answer.
- It gives students a chance to build new knowledge.
- Teacher also provide learning alternative formally and informally,
enough teaching aids and create interaction between student.
iii. Retention in the memory for a longer time
- students learn by themselves and able to discover
knowledge through activities provided/prepare by the
teacher.
- Stimulate the student mental activity in order to construct
idea themselves.

iv. Cooperative Learning

-Give opportunity to enable student to further, refine their
thinking and intensify their understanding by exchanging
view among themselves.

v. Student-centered
- Student are totally involved in teaching and learning
process.
-discover learning through hands-on and minds on activity.
b) You want to teach about water pollution to form 2 students. Describe the
teaching and learning procedure using Needham 5 Phase model. (5 marks)
NEEDHAM 5 PHASE TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Orientation Teacher shows 2 bottles contain 2 types of

water.
Bottle A: Clear water
Bottle B: Cloudy water
Teacher ask student why this 2 bottles shows a
differences.

Eliciting of idea Students are ask what are the characteristics of

polluted water.
Restructuring of idea Teacher divide student into small group. Each
group will be given different pictures. They need
to discuss the factors that cause water pollution.

Application of idea Students are required to list the ways on how to

avoid water pollution in their daily life.

Closure Students sing a song of water pollution in the

melody of ‘burung kakak tua’.