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  ⌫ 
 
 
          ⌫ 
   
E-mail: map@mapfoundationcm.org, media@mapfoundationcm.org

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urf;ekid jf auMj ayMjayMjtrjtrj
awy.ujf rM;,Ofh

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k =hf UuFrw
f Ol f

cMjawqAwyhf ef
trjxOfjanMj? ,Ofah uMj
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ude, f Mj,ManMj

,lbvDrM;,Ofah eMj<?
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vkujf vmif;uOftwh
wMbawwlp;f v.ruf OfeB
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cmOf;,mrf;vBjaoy.ujf

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 umefeMj=de;f auMj yAee
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nBmj,kp;f !
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k =hf UuFrw
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ule;f [Aw;f umef=e

d ;f

awcFe;f rdOl jf vfag uMj

nrfb=U,Of?h emOfayM;vBj
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rmufbrdOl ,
f bl oAijf
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12
 umefeMj=de;f auMj yAee
f MjumefeifbuOfb

trjqOfj=de;f
nvlO;f ! vBj[Aw;f yAew f mefbeB[h MUeB?h
vdOk jf auMjnrfbvBj vkujf n.ebf auMj[Bj? cOfjzuf;auMjvBj[ki?f
trj[Of;auMjnrfb,lbvD? =de;f auMjorfah yM;Olpbf [ifjrmufbrlOd f
ugMboAijf / ele;f aw[Bmao rM;[Aw;f umefvjB
rlOd jf vfag uMjnrfb=U,Ofh

ayMjqOfj=de;f

rlOd jf vAOtf wh uOfyi. bf qf, g Of?h ayM;nrfbrD;ule;f wlp;f v.rf

yefvuk jf n.ebf nrfbrD;ule;f wlp;f v.ryf ef=e d ;f a,;eBh ref;wkuchf r.ujf [dOk e
f ?B
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awyefie kd ;f vde
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f agf o vBj,lbrlejf rlejf
odOl ;f odOl ;f uwf;uwf;,Ae, f eA ,
f Of/h

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k =hf UuFrw
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umefqOdl ;f nefvjB [Aw;f rdOl jf umifOef;

12

11 1

2
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9 3

8 4

7 5

14
 umefeMj=de;f auMj yAee
f MjumefeifbuOfb

umefqOdl ;f nefvjB [Aw;f rdOl jf umifce

kd ;f

nefOMj
cmOf;,mrf;okebf wlOe
f e
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23 13

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15
yde
k =hf UuFrw
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oifOMj rD;zfag oauMUauMU w.ijf xmrfOMj ]ol cefw h rF bf ? awMUtwhvjB [yfch e kd ;f iked ;f oDbrke d bf Vmwfb
[Aw;f umefoif} nrfbeef ]eMjumefoyl e A of if} eB ulp;f ? oifwuF jf uefwif; umefnef[w A ;f rM; [kid o
f yd ;f
awrD;,di;f qBm;wif;erf nefye A [f iF ;f umef,mef yD@eefyh i. bf OMj tnbeMbtwhtwh,Of/h oifr;D rBmrDjt[U
rldif;w.yfbOMj ]yAefulef;[Awf;umefefg;=def;anMj} uifj vkr;f vM;wlp;f xkid yf efeq B idk f qmifjawvBjuMj
acMjw.ybf nefeyhB i. bf OMj umefe;gf =de;f auMj yAee f Mj qmifjerfaoeB, h Of/h
umefnefeidk jf / ulpf;uMj efg;rldif;xB; ,if;yBbrD;ymifnkyfb
oifnefoydk bf xmrfbxFijf OMj umefe;gf =de;f nlO;f ef;g qefq h idk jf rlid ;f uAObf vlpjf v.ijf OMj eMjumef
eBh q.ibf rled uf efwif;umefwmifbrAO;f [MU< rle d e f ifb [Fi;f umefe;gf =de;f auMj yAee f Mjumefnefeidk jf tvj
q.ibf vBjqfUg erfuh wfw h mif;arMoif[MU< q.ibf =dO[hf MU< ,if;nrfbyBbrD; rBmrDjt[Uuifjyef [Fi;f umefe;gf =de;f /
q.ibf yAeuf mefv[D MU< q.ibf rD;vBm;vBj[MU< rlOd jf [Aw;f [Aw;f {j ule;f [Aw;f umefe;gf =de;f nrfbrD;okebf vBj
umefeefh q.ibf awqmifjyAeaf z; rmwfbqAy;f [MU< q.rf;eifbrBmrDj,Ofh/ q.rf;eifb=OfacMj nefOMj
acMjw.ybf twh awn.euf efwy. bf OMj ]qfjg anMj} eB ]umef=e d ;f yAeo f if} eBeefah o [Aw;f {jvBj=UrM;
wmif;oAijf ,Of/h v.ijf ckud v hf ukd v
hf rfbv.ijf umef=e d ;f uefzi. jf ,Of?h okyd bf
oifce dk ;f okyd bf xmrfxiF jf OMj ule;f [Aw;f umef eBuh Mg b [Of;vlObf [Aw;f {j rD;v.ijf ,.r;f [yfOh Mj umef=e d ;f
=de;f q.ibf rD;Oef;vkOd jf umef[MU< rD;cmOf;,mrf;[Aw;f auMj yAee f Mjumefnefeidk jf tvj[Of;vlObf vBjn.ef
umefrmefbrFejf wFwjf awM;,lb[MU< q.ibf vBjuMjqmifj uefyi. bf qftg whtwhOMj,Of/h
q.r;f eifbvliyf i. q f idk jf ruf;refjOBe h ef[h MU< q.ibf vBj
[yfh v.ijf ruf;refj eyfx h Odk [f MU< rD;v.ijf ulwbf xwf; [Of;rM;twbnkyfbnlOf; vlpfjugmrf;xmrfnefOMj
ozMbOwDj[Aw;f umef,bl [MU< acMjw.ybf wif;oAijf u.yjf oifnrfb[efxidk _f nrfbeyfo
h e
. bf OMj ]eMjumef
twh awqmifjn.euf efwy. bf OMj ]nrfbyBbrD; v.ijf ef;g =de;f auMj yAee
f Mjumefnefeidk jf C}
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xkubf ydw;f uefj awMbwlibf Oli;f ule;f ? [Aw;f {jqmifj ef;g =de;f yAee f Mjumefye k jf z.e;f emif;,di;f /
vBjxkubf yleyhf e F , f bl ,Of/h ,mrfjrD;[Fi;f umef,mefridl ;f umefe;gf =de;f o.ebf OMj yAee f MjumefauMUyAef
auMUekid jf [Aw;f umefrM; cmOf;,mrf;qrfoyd ;f yD@ ulp;f trj awvBjvkr;f vM;zlOtf vjvkujf ? yAeyf e k jf z.e;f
nrfbvBj[yfuh Mjqmifjaondw;f ? rlOd jf [Fi;f umefauMU emif;,di;f awvBj[Aw;f yef ule;f ef;g =de;f ? y.ibf OMj
eefh nOfvi. jf wmif; cke d jf wmifbq.r;f cufw h e. jf rBmrDj awvBj[Aw;f umefujl rAO;f ef;g eMj=de;f / ,dik jf yAew f il bf
auMj vBj=UOMj ,if;yBbrD;rBmrDjt[Uuifjyef okebf vBj Oli;f ule;f qBm;yAe, f bgf nefOMjule;f qBm;rD;nrf;emwfj
[Fi;f umefe;gf =de;f ? rlOd jf nkybf nlO;f wku;f ,.e;f cde k ;f ukr;f xdi;f elOd uf e
l ;f ,di;f tvjemif;,di;f nrfbrD;uMj
ike
d ;f uMjqmifj wDjvkr;f wlp;f v.ruf rk ;f xdi;f [Fi;f umef cefyAif;ulef;qBm;/ emif;,dif;vlOfbyAefzljwmrf;?
eefah uMj nrfbvBj[yfuh Mjqmifj q.r;f eifbuMjqmifj ule;f qBm;orfh yAez f jl erf;? ule;f qBm;rD;ykejf z.e;f

16
 umefeMj=de;f auMj yAee
f MjumefeifbuOfb

wMb[MvAie hf Mj=de;f vlpjf n.ubf [Aw;f umefeu. jf =de;f / vBj qifbnrfb[efOMj rD;uMjcefawMbyBm;rmufjrD;qkid jf
emif;,di;f nrfbOMjyAeaf r;_ yAev f uk jf ,di;f vlObf ,lb rlid ;f ,dik jf cFe;f [Aw;f {juMjcef umefe;gf =de;f eefh
ukud ;f =de;f a,;? ,lbyfUg =de;f ? [Aw;f umefe;gf =de;f {jcFrhf wFrbf a,Mjvli;f xFijf tvjvlw;f ,.r;f uMjcefumef
vFyjf ? oufch Ol ;f ? [kicf OfjrkOd z hf uf;? vkr;f vM;vkujf / ule;f ef;g =de;f vli;f xFijf okyd bf eefrh M; xkid yf mefemif;,di;f
qBm;rD;nrf;emwfj yAez f jl ukr;f qMbwMbeMj=de;f ? eMj tvjule;f qBm; vlObf n.ubf ugMb[M[Aw;f umef[Mike d ;f e.ujf
=de;f aw,lbrlejf olOd ;f vD nrfbvDeefh ,lbwDjule;f =de;f rD;vBmeMj=de;f vBjqmifjwmifbauMU rM;[Aw;f yef
qBm; nrfbqfjg emif;,di;f / ule;f qBm; qifbvBjrD;v.ijf umef=e d ;f ulp;f uMj ,if;,krbf OMj umefe;gf =de;f nrfb
ckud v
hf ukd ahf oemif;,di;f tvjeMjumefue l ;f qBm;auMj rD;v.ijf ckud vhf ukd vhf rfbv.ijf wmefbumefwmifbrAO;f [Aw;f
vBj,.r;f [yfOh Mj ckud v hf ukd ahf oeMjumefue l ;f ,di;f / rlOd jf {jumefe;gf =de;f nrfbxkubf wlubf vmwfjxkid f uMjcef
emif;,di;f nrfbrD;uMjcefyiA ;f ule;f qBm;? eMjumef ZBmbyBm;rmufjrD;qkid jf rlid ;f twhtwhOMjOMj/ u.yjf eef
emif;,di;f nef[w A ;f ,lb rle d e
f ifbumefeMj=de;f eefh xkubf vDvjB xwf;omifj acMjugmrf;nefOMj uMjcef
auMj nrfbrD;wmif;ckud v hf ukd v hf rfbv.ijf ? nrfbeefauMj q.r;f yBm;rmufjrD; {jy.ibf qfv g udk v
hf rfbwlOjf xkid f uljZBmb
yefuMjcefanbvli;f / erfaoeBh rle d e f ifb ule;f [Aw;f umef=e d ;f yAez f jl
xkid rf M;,mrf;vAOf wlibf Oli;f ule;f ef;g vkrjf urfx h rF f {jule;f ef;g =de;f vBjn.ubf ugMb[Aw;f umef[Mike d ;f
ZMUckw d ;f umyfjcde k jf ,fbg v.ijf yBm;Olehf uAObf vlpjf ule;f vBjiBmjiFrjf vlrq f rgf M;? ayM;nrfbeef qlOd ;f cOfvOl bf
,di;f ule;f qBm;tvj wkud ;f ole;f uef v.ijf nrfbqFubf vBj[Aw;f umefe;gf =de;f ulp;f tvj rD;cmOf;,mrf;wMb[M
tzqefx h mefj ule;f ,di;f ule;f qBm;? wkud ;f ole;f {j vBm;vBjanbvli;f eB,Of/h
emif;,di;f tvjule;f qBm; rD;v.ijf zAibf yAi;f uefao =rfjOMj rmifqidk jf rlid ;f vBjnkybf nlO;f uefvi. jf
wMU ulp;f uMj yBm;Olethf vj v.ijf ,krbf ,rfe;gf wlibf Oli;f uMj cef q.r;f yBm;rmufjrD;qkid jf rlid ;f nef[iF ;f umef[w A ;f
ule;f nefr;D awMbumefe;gf =de;f ,if;nrfbyBb,.r;f umefe;gf =de;f vBjn.ubf ugMb[Aw;f umefwmifbrlid ;f ao
[yfOh Mj umefe;gf =de;f auMj yAee f MjumefrOA ;f ekid jf qifb cke
d ;f olibf ike d ;f y.ujf cke d ;f =de;f erf,bl aowMUauMj
[Aw;f {j rD;ymifnyk bf nlO;f qefq h idk jf rlid ;f v.ijf umef ,if;yBbrD;v.ijf xwf;omifj rD;rM;ylid w f pl ;f xkid of e k bf
ef;g =de;f tvj[Aw;f {jyBbrD;rM;rBmrDj wlp;f v.ruf rk ;f vBj[Fi;f umef[w A ;f umefe;gf =de;f yAetf whye A Of Mj/
xdi;f [Fi;f umefe;gf =de;f _ nefqOld ;f [Aw;f umefe;gf =de;f
eB,Of/h
2) wlp;f [efOMj umefe;gf =de;f nrfbrD;uMjcefoif
awMbyBm;rmufjrD;qkid jf rlid ;f C/
uyf;wmrf;rM;wDjacMj (1) ao [efxidk Of Mj
umefe;gf =de;f yAeuf mefqjB. xFruf e l ;f ef;g =de;f tvjzlj
,di;f nef[w A ;f umefe;gf =de;f yefzOl f tvjule;f ef;g
=de;f ulp;f nrfbvBjuMjqmifjoif? OBm;rM; ike d ;f yAeyf idl f
ckud chf rfbrD;uMjcef q.r;f v.u;f ylid uf mefuMUv.wjf vFO;f
tvj ike d ;f auMj yAeyf idl cf udk chf rfbwMbv.ijf yAe, f bl ule;f
ef;g =de;f ? umef=e d ;f nrfb[Aw;f {jule;f ef;g =de;f rD;vBm;

17
yde
k =hf UuFrw
f Ol f
3) ymefue . bf eefh umef=e d ;f yAeuf mefqjB. xFrv f mB ulp;f wlibf Oli;f ? nrfbvBjvkOd jf r.jB wArxf e l jf ? wlOd chf udl jf yBm;qf?g
umefe;gf =de;f eefh awn.euf efOe l Ohf Mj yAef [Aw;f {jrkid if Of,bl [if;ulp;f /
umefqjB. xFruf ef yDje.ichf Odl ;f vAOuf efqjB. uef nrfb Š nrfbrD;oa\beMjwM? xkubf qFubf tzqefh
eef zljrmufjrD; wlp;f xkid uf e l ;f ,mufjzmef wMbvFujf xmefj rle d ef ifb eBm;qmifjrmifauMU wlp;f [efOMj
nOfwjD ,lbwef;oOf;? wmif;ude?f clO;f ekijf wmif;rB ule;f [Aw;f umefe;gf =de;f yAeuf e l ;f qfUg ulp;f ? nrfbyef
nrfbeef q.jB olibf {jvBj[Ae;f vdujf ? uAObf vlpjf v.ijf eMjvDawMbulef;[Awf;umefefg;=def;? vmwfjawMb
nefwp l ;f [efOMj umefe;gf =de;f yAeuf mefqjB. xFrf vlpjf ugmrf;vlid ;f qlid ;f xmifbvAuq hf Odl ;f eB/h
uefe, hB Ofh [Aw;f {jwlibf Oli;f ule;f nrfbwlp;f [efxidk f Š ule;f [Aw;f umefe;gf =de;f nrfbrD;okebf vBj
OMj umefe;gf =de;f yAee f Mjumefee f idk jf / okebf yAeuf e l ;f wArx
f e l jf ? xkubf yleyhf e F w f Mbaob/
=rfjOMjwlibf Oli;f ule;f awcke d jf qefrh M;xFijf
oif,.rf;[yfhOMj umefefg;=def;auMjyAefeMjumef
tvj rD;ymifnyk bf nlO;f uef v.ijf nefziA bf yAi;f ,di;f
eBqidk f awrD;z.e;f vDqidl [hf Odk z
f i. jf
qBm;aowMU ulp;f uMj yBm;Olethf vjwmif;[efxidk f
ule;f wif;erf nefr;D awMbumefe;gf =de;f OMj ,if;yBb oif,r. ;f [yhOf Mj umefe;gf =de;f yAee f Mjumef
rD;wmif;ckud chf rfboif ayM;[Of;cfjg {jwlibf Oli;f ule;f wif; tvjrD;rBmrDjwlp;f xkid f vkr;f vM;yefue l ;f [Aw;f umef
erf,r. ;f [yfOh Mj umefe;gf =de;f auMj yAeuf mefnefeidk jf efg;=def; awqmifjrD; v.uf;vBm;tujvdwfjyef[M
eBqidk f vBm;ekid jf nef[Of;xkubf vDvjB [Aw;f eefh yAef eifbeB,bl C
v.ijf ,krbf ,rfqOdl ;f eefah o twbwDjwlO[f Of;n.ef > rD;rBmrDjwlp;f xkid vf i. jf uMjqmifj? Oef;vkOd jf
wmif;,Ofh qifbcgmufjtzjwle d ;f ql;ule;f [dr;f +rf;/ umef? uMjqmifjcefw h rF bf okw;f ? uMjqmifj[Aw;f umef
z.e;f [BmUnefnrfb,.r;f [yfuh mefe;gf =de;f OMjyAef ylechf mOf;,mrf;yef ule;f qlOd ;f [Aw;f umefe;gf =de;f /
eMjumefnefeidk jf qkid tf wh > rD;v.ijf ulwbf qFwjf wlp;f ozMbO v.ijf [Aw;f
umef ule;f [Aw;f umefe;gf =de;f wMbawt[Uuifj nrfb
zljnefvjB pM; wlOd chf udl jf urf;okOd jf twh yAef {jrD;v.ijf yleyhf e F o
f e k bf vBj/
[Fi;f umef nef[w A ;f umefe;gf =de;f qlOd ;f cOfqmifjvBj
xly;f pM; v.ijf wkrUf wlOd Uf eifbeB C > oifruf;refjyefOef;vkdOfjumef nef
Š nrfbrD;rBmrDj wlp;f xkid [f iF ;f umef [Aw;f umef wFwjf eFwjf wFwjf awM;eBqidk f ule;f [Aw;f umefe;gf
ef;g =de;f ? nrfbOMjv.ijf uMjqmifj? Oef;vkOd jf umef? uMj =de;f auMj awrD;cmOf;,mrf; wMbaw=yfx h yl ;f uef
qmifjcefw h rF bf okw;f ? uMjqmifj [Aw;f umefye l chf mOf; wif;nlp;f auMU? yDje.i?hf qmifjawrD;cmOf;,mrf;ugMb
,mrf;? ozMbOwDj[Aw;f umef? [Aw;f {j nrfbrD;v.ijf tvbvkOd jf rle;f odOl ;f /
wlp;f xkid f okebf vBj[Fi;f umef qlOd ;f [Aw;f umefe;gf > ule;f [Aw;f umefe;gf =de;f auMj awrD;oa\b
=de;f / eMjwMrM;/
Š nrfbrD;rBmrDj wlp;f xkid v f i. jf ozMOwDj[Aw;f > t[Uuifj tvjyefoe k bf vBjuljylid f wMbule;f
umef nrfbrD;v.ijf ulwbf xwf;wDj[Aw;f umef [Aw;f {j [Aw;f umefe;gf =de;f /
wDj[Aw;f umefye A wf jD ydw;f qmifjxly;f pM;v.ijf ylehf qlOd ;f nefvmwfjrM;eBh [Of;qmifj[Aw;f {j
yFeo f e
k bf vBj rle d ef ifbeBm;qmifjayMUxkyuhf efq h ef/ yAerf M;vBj vlpjf twbwDjwlO[f Of;n.ew f mif;? twb
Š nrfbqmifj=yfx h yl ;f pM; nlp;f auMU? yDje.ihf y.ibf qfOg Mj ]umefe;gf =de;f auMjyAee f Mjumef} olv;l
u.yjf nrfbrD;Oef;vkOd jf umef? yAeuf e l ;f ,mefzmwfb q.ibf twb[Aw;f omifjv.ijf qlOd ;f eB, h Of[h MU< ‰

18
 umefeMj=de;f auMj yAee
f MjumefeifbuOfb

rlOd jf eBh yAeOf ef;n.ubf OMbtvj wDjOwfyh MbyOfj yAeuf e

l ;f cFe;f qgef ;gf y.uchf Of =de;f ekid jf ,lb/ xmifbOMj
nefr;D ef;g OAi;f uAi;f rBb rlid ;f xB;eBh ule;f ude k ;f nkud n
hf udk hf crf;[meforfah yM;vBjyAeaf rM,Mvlif nefref;w.ehf
orfah yM;vBjzdw k uhf ef/ =Ofymufb 90 ykejf eBh yAeyf jD ZefrM;eef, h Ofj/ nrfbvBj[efuef ody;f yD@yBmeBh
e.i[hf iF ;f umef,mefridl ;f nefvuk rhf idl ;f wB;ao yBmjcOfj ref;vFujf vBmjoifuMg bz.ijf ? u.yjf ydOl jf crf;qmrftwh
rM;[Aw;f umef rlid ;f xB;v.ev hf e
. /hf ef;g Oef;odeOf ef; nrfbwef;yleq hf efuh mifao yBmjcOfjrM;rlid ;f xB;q.r;f
xrf;qldifheBeBh vBjrM;vlbrM;wmef;aoyBmnrfbuM; ayMjtrjcOf orfah yM;vBjody;f oDbody;f [MjyD@,Ofv h ;l /
vBjrM;pM;? auMUtoj? yDje.i?hf rM;odOk w hf mif;udew f mif;
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19
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20
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22
 umefeMj=de;f auMj yAee
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23
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28
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d ;f rD;okebf ,.e;f vkOd jf
umefe;gf =de;f awnrfbvBjanbao uMjqmifjcefU umefvjB 10 Olijf rdOl jf z.i;f ulw d bf vkujf /
wFrbf okw;f ? q.r;f eifb rlOd jf wkud Uf ,lbef;g cmOf;ruf;refj · yMjwfjg acMjruf;refjqmifjumefeefU [Fi;f umef
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=de;f nrfbrD;okebf vBjq.r;f eifbrBmrDj[Fi;f umef u.yjf
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wwf;OBUeefU/
Photo By: MMN

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30
 umefeMj=de;f auMj yAee
f MjumefeifbuOfb

awMbolj {jvBjrM;okebf vBj {jcdwbf yef v.ijf zdw;f _ xkubf

qlid [hf Odk af uMj,OfU [Fi;f umef,mefridl ;f [Aw;f umef 1) ef;g rlid ;f xB;eBh [Fi;f umef,mefridl ;f qlOd ;f [Aw;f
ef;g =de;f qlOd ;f ,lbef;g rlid ;f +ifbu.ibf auMj ,if;wduk Uf rD; umefe;gf =de;f yde l jf nrfbrD;okebf vBj q.r;f eifb
yef[MxFijf vBmv.ijf vBmwmif;,lb? rle d e
f ifbv.ijf wAu;f rBmrDj[Fi;f umef? qifbnrfbrD;yuf; ylid [f wA ;f vdujf
wAiq f uF bf tz nefvuk w hf jD zljqmifjumeftvjvlif =rfjrBmruf;refjqmifjumef ykejf wMbvBj v.ijf
y.iq f idk jf [Aw;f awMbcOf aw[efvjB OMj qdOl ;f cOfr;D vkr;f vM;wlp;f xkid /f
okebf vBj tvjv.ijf wlp;f xkid v f rk ;f vM;erfao [Fi;f (zdw;f CCC_ xkubf CCC)
umefe;gf rlid ;f xB;? v.ijf wliUf ekid e f efh nrfbqfjg OMj vlif
y.iq f idk jf rlid ;f +ifbu.ibf yAez f jl urfx h rF uf p
l ;f ? ref;yAef 2) ef;g rlid ;f +ifbu.ibf zljqmifjumef yAez f jl n.ubf
u.yjf vlpjf [Fi;f umefe;gf rlid ;f +ifbu.ibf cOf z.r=hf rfjuef yefuMj,lw;f ,M [Fi;f umef,mefridl ;f [Aw;f umef
ao wkud ;f ole;f wku;f ,.e;f okebf vBj tvj=rfjuef ef;g [le d ;f clybf rlOd jf nrfb,lbvDeef/h
awMboljwMbokebf vBjrM; [kid e f mef;yAev f mB yD,OfU/ (zdw;f CCC_ xkubf CCC)
[Fi;f umef,mefridl ;f [Aw;f umefe;gf =de;f qmOf;
clOd ;f Zdvyd ;f yde;f n.euf efteumifqgf omefcwf;yuf; 3) ef;g rlid ;f +ifbu.ibf oifOMjzljqmifjumef nrfbqBmb
ylid rf bgf nefuOA bf vlpjf [Fi;f umef,mefridl ;f [Aw;f umef ike
d ;f yef [Fi;f umef,mefridl ;f [Aw;f umef=e d ;f
ef;g =de;f / [Fi;f umef,mefridl ;f qlOd ;f [Aw;f umefe;gf =de;f eBqidk f qlOd ;f cOfawqmifjpM;wmrfbc.ujf nrfb
wduk n hf e. uf efteumifqgf wku;f ,.e;f okebf vBj wDj yleUf (10) yD/
rlid ;f +ifbu.ibf / (zdw;f CCC_ xkubf CCC)

zljvlnmefbcOfv;l 4) ef;g rlid ;f xB; [Fi;f umef,mefridl ;f wDj[Aw;f umef

ef;g =de;f rD;okebf vkOd jf umef ekid jf Olijf ekid jf Oef;
q.ifbolqOfj ,mrfjvBjawMbolj ykefjwMb tvj ,if;vBj[yfuh Mj[Fi;f ? oifOMjekid jf Oef;
okebf vBjqOfjuOfb[MU? oifoe l q f Ogf Mj aw[Aw;f qlid Uf [Aw;f umeferfao (8) qlOjf r.i;f awvBjike d ;f
[kOd af wMbolj {jayM;rD;okebf vBjeefh rM;=rfjq.r;f uMjqmifj[Aw;f umef nef[w A ;f yleUf cmOf;,mrf;
[Of;cMj ef;g ymifnyk bf nlO;f [Fi;f umef,mefridl ;f [Aw;f nrfbeefuMjnlObf xDb (Over Time)
umefe;gf [led ;f q.r;f [Of;cMjtvj [Of;cMjrD;ymifnyk bf (zdw;f CCC_ xkubf CCC)
nlO;f vFujf vBmjuef ekid jf vle
d e
f idk jf y.ujf wDjn.ijf vkr;f
rlvedxd rAybf uAi;f rBb/ 5) [Fi;f umef,mefridl ;f [Aw;f umef=e d ;f rlid ;f xB;tvj
rldif;+ifbu.ifb vBjpM;v.ifjqFufbtzwDjzlj
qmifjumeftvj vliyf i. q f idk jf cOf/
(zdw;f CCC_ xkubf CCC)

31
yde
k =hf UuFrw
f Ol f

acMjw. y f b http:// www.labour.gov.hk/eng/public/wcp/FDH

guide.pdf
acMjxd (1) xkubf ? Importaion of Labour. Foreign Domestic Helpers
acMjxd (2) xkubf ? (FDHs):

acMjxd (3) zdw;f ? (wmrfbc.ujf nrfbyleUf 3 yD) http:// www.labour.gov.hk/eng/plan/iw FDH.htm

acMjxd (4) zdw;f ? (u.yjf [Fi;f umef,mefridl ;f
[Aw;f umefe;gf =de;f nrfbrD;okebf vBj q.r;f eifb
rBmrDj[Fi;f umefridl ;f xB; tvjnrfbrD;Oef;vkOd jf
umef? nrfbruf;refj cmOf;,mrf;[Aw;f umefOMj
ekid jf Oef;awvBj[Aw;f vBmqlOjf r.i;f )
acMjxd (5) xkubf

zde
k n
f mifjndif
“Foreign Domestic Helpers in Hong Kong:”
http: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/foreign domestic
helpers in Hong Kong
“ Practical guide for the employment of foreign
domestic helpers- What foreign domestic
helpers and their employers should know”
Photo By: MMN

ule;f [Aw;f umefe;gf =de;f wDjrlid ;f +ifbu.ibf rdOl jf z.i;f yBwmif;teumifqgf

32
 umefeMj=de;f auMj yAee
f MjumefeifbuOfb

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[Of;,mrf;vAOe f UB nlejf n.ebf ao nrfbrefjukrd ;f oif [Aw;f umef=e d ;f ,lbwDjuAi;f rBbvOfjvmwfjOMj eBm;qmifj
,dik jf yAe[f iF ;f umef,mefridl ;f qlOd ;f [Aw;f umefe;gf =de;f cOfnrfbw.efholefqfgv.ifjyBm;,lbvDaondwf;[Fif;
yle
d jf orfe h MbvdOl , f OfU? ef;g ekid jf Oef;eBh u.yjf qlOd ;f [Of; umef,mefridl ;f qlOd ;f [Aw;f umefe;gf =de;f wmif;erfnrfb
vBj[Aw;f umef cmOf;,mrf;erfeMb (12 qlO;f r.i;f xkid f rD;cmOf;,mrf; wMbawugMb[MarM,M tvjnrfbqmifjugMb
20 qlOjf r.i;f )? rlOd jf vfq g Ofj=de;f cOf vlObf qfUg umef[Of; [MarM,M u.yfjOMj qldOf;cOfnrfbrD;okefbvBjv.ifj
auMj +ifUqfUg vBjwif; 24 qlOjf r.i;f ? cmOf;,mrf;vkOd jf ,lw;f ,M/
auMbanbeMb? nrfbvBjvkOd jf r.jB {jwlOq f gf rD;nAe[f iF ;f
rM;cke d ;f vBj? v.ijf qlOd ;f eBU wkrUf wlOd Uf yBm;,lbvD[Of;
=OfqyA ;f =OfcjB
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,lbvD yBm;qf[g Of;eBqidk f [Of;aw,mrfjxly;f [efyef[M wmif;Olee hf rf nrfbeef vBjqfUg erf, h Mac;vfr;D ao
v.ijf Olee hf rfridk uf ig ?f vkrd ;f iBmj? qfx g idk =f ed ;f ? vBmvBm [Aw;f {jrD;v.ijf wkrw hf Old w
hf M? cl;eif tvjacM; qlOd ;f
auMUawrD;yef[M qAy;f qAy;f cke d jf cke
d jf q.r;f vif? rmif eBh vkuUf wDjv.ijf qfUg omefac;vfr;D aoyAerf M;,OfU/
qlOd ;f vlw d jf =Ofve dl rf M;nrfbrmefb? e.e;f nrfbvyf; yef[Mv.ijf yBm;qfg v.ijf vBj,lb[if;ulp;f auMUvAOtf vj
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auMUvBjpM;yleyhf e F vf i. jf uMbrqlOd ;f eBU,OfU/
acMjrke;f eBU nOfrM;wDjvdujf wmifbtev.ijf u.i;f vif tvj =OfrMb
ozMbOule;f [Aw;f umef yDje.iUf [Fi;f umef,mefridl ;f
qlOd ;f [Aw;f umef=e d ;f wDjrlid ;f +ifbu.ibf zljwFrjf Eni yef[Mv.ijf umrfjelOd Uf tvjvkybf eBU uBUyAef
Lestari Andayan, Spokesperson of Asian uBx
h yl ;f ,lbwMbaob? u.yjf vlpjf umefimef;qlOd ;f nef
Migrants Coordinating Board (ACMB) [Fi;f umef[w A ;f umefe;gf =de;f [Aw;f eefh awuAObf vlpjf
v.ifjukdifUumifUaiM;wlOf? ulrfjulrfju.rf;u.rf;wlOf,lb
yef[MyBm;,lbvD [Fi;f umef=e
d ;f wMbaob/
cmOf;,mrf;[Aw;f umeferfye l Uf ? umef,myfbyleUf ? acMj tvjrdOk ;f
nrfbrD;Oef;vkOd jf umef? nrfbvBjudew f mif;udef nef
rD;z.e;f vDawMbwlOcf id ;f ? vBj,lb[if;u.;B auMUvAO?f vBj v.ijf qfUg omefac;vfr;D vmifU_ [Aw;f {jrlw;f
,lbef;g =de;f eBm;qmifj[if;ulp;f ? nrfbvBjugMbwmif;vfg ogq
f r. ;f =de;f eefU qmifj[Aw;f {jzdOef ifnu. bf zke
d bf ?
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f gf wkrbf ? clr;f ? uBm; qlOd ;f eBU,Of/h
rM;eB,OfU/

33
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=if;cOfj
[Fif;umef,mefrldif; qldOf;[Awf;umefefg;=def;
qmifjxly;f pM;yef[M a\M;uMbwmif;yAef uAObf vlpjf
=if;cOfjqAy;f ? vrf;oBjqAy;f ? rmifqOdl ;f udecf Ofjnrfb
rmefbrFejf q.r;f cmOf;,mrf;? rmifqOdl ;f vkuUf wDjwmif;
Oleehf rf okuohf mufq
h agf oyAerf M;? yef[Merfe h uf;wlOf
vlw;f ,.r;f qlOd ;f eBh yAerf M;u.yjf vlpjf zljqmifjumef
nrfbyefue d w f mif;udef tvj cOfjzuf;nM;[m\fnef
rD;z.e;f vD/
cFef
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[Aw;f umefe;gf =de;f qmif;yAeaf \M;uMbwmif;yAef rle d f
eifb OleUf erf? u.yjf ydOl jf xkubf pM;yked yhf b.B {j,lb[if;u.;B
nrfbeef pM;yleUf yFef tvjeBm;qmifj nrfbwlp;f
v.rvf uk jf qmifj nrfbeef ,lw;f ,Mnrfbxkubf rFejf
vBm;ref;qlOd ;f eBU,OfU/
u.yjf ydOl jf eef qlOd ;f [Of;cMjawvBjn.euf efrM;
awMbolj {j[Fi;f umef qlOd ;f [Aw;f umef=e d ;f rD;okebf
vBjyBm;,lbvDwMU!

[Fi;f umef,mefridl ;f qlOd ;f [Aw;f umef=ed ;f ,if; umifq[gf iF ;f umef,mefridl ;f ? [Fi;f umefe;gf =de;f cfjg
qmifjyAeaf z;vBjiBmj? rle d e
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dk jf /
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f e . ;f vDawMbyBm;,lbvD tvj
rD;[Fi;f ? cfjg rD;cmOf;,mrf;vkOd jf umef? rlOd jf nrfb,lbvDauMj
wdef {jrD;v.ifjwlpf;xkdif vkrf;vM;yBm;,lbvDyefvkufj
[Fi;f umef,mefridl ;f qlOd ;f [Aw;f umef=e d ;f vBj qmifjqdOl ;f eB, h Of/h ‰
[Aw;f umefwif;Oef;tvj [Aw;f {jwdeuf jfg wdeyf i. ;f ?
uleUf uleUf rlpjf rlpjf ? xFijf v.ijf ekid jf erfU,MvmifU
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Photo By: Harn, (MAP Multimedia)

34
 umefeMj=de;f auMj yAee
f MjumefeifbuOfb

yDje.iz hf jl olin f mefb yyfUvdujf wif;oAijf cMj wlOx

f yl ;f emif;yB;.
okyd bf aoeBU yDje.iUf [Of;cOfawvBj[yfUnmefbwlp;f [Aw;f umef=ed ;f rM;cmOf;wmif; (3) yD,Of/h
v.ijf wlOx f yl ;f nrfbeef yef[MnefyjD e.iUf [Of;cOf
xly;f pM;? vlOd af oeBU ,if;rD;acMjwku;f ,.e;f eifb cMj[Aw;f umefqr. ;f eBm;qmifjauMUeBU rD;rM;yDymB
uMjumifqgf cfjg yAee f efU Oef;rlOd jf eBU rlbqkr;f yDje.iUf ,OfU? [Aw;f umefujl Oef;uljOef; nrfbrD;Oef;vdOk jf /
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wif;oAijf tvjn.euf efwuk ;f ,.e;f okebf vBj eifb n.ubf ugMb[MarM,M/ oifye A ef Mbtwh vBjugMb[MarM,M
umifqcgf jgf yAee f efU ykejf wMjv.ijf wku;f ,.e;f Oef; ulp;f vBjugMb 2 qlO;f r.i;f ulp;f ? oifye l Uf o.iq
f Ol jf r.i;f
rlOd jf eBU awnwf;yAez f e
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d cf MjanMj/
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f yl ;f emif;vFi;f
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wif;vf?g vDvMj,if;rD;Odx,k Radio n.ebf clid jf
wlOx
f yl ;f emif;qdibf eki;f
ekid jf ? ykw
d bf x.rbf ugmrf;wB; yAeaf uMUyAetf oj/ oifnrfb
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yAev f jB ? ,.eUf eef cMjqifbvBjwku;f ,.e;f {jrD; yD,Of/h
Oef;vdOk jf ekid jf Olijf edik jf Oef;cMjanMj/ ykefjwMbcMjemif;twUauMj v.ifjokefbvBj
okebf yAetf wUauMj vBjwArx f e
l jf ,lbcMj? ulp;f uMj
nefcMjvBjrM;wkuf;,.ef;rldOfjeBUtwh cfgj{julef;
[Awf;umefwif;oAifj nefqfgU[Fif;umefwif;oAifj
cfjg {jcOfvjB rD;okebf vBjokebf yAef rle
d e
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35
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yAef rle
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wif;,myfbzkw d bf aov.ijf v.ijf cMj rle
d e
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n.ubf ugMb[MyDj[Me.iahf uMjnrfbvBj awugMbumefoe k bf [Me.i?hf cfjg rD;Oef;vdOk jf ekid jf Olijf ekid jf Oef;cMjanMj/
wlOaf uMjnrfb[Aw;f vBj rle d e
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wlOx f yl ;f ,di;f vMj wlOx f yl ;f ayMjOmefj auMUekid jf
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l ;f xOfj [Aw;f umef=e d ;f rM;cmOf;wmif; (6) yD,Of/h
rM;cmOf;wmif; (5) yD,Of/h ,.eyhf Odl jf oiftvj cfjg rD;Oef;vdOk jf eB ule;f
nefcMjcfjg vmwfjtwh nefcMjugMb[Aw;f umef [Aw;f umefe;gf =de;f eBh ref;[Aw;f umef=Od Uf eMbnlejf
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qmifjwlid bf ymifbzf?g cMjqifbr.ubf vmwfjcBjteeifbeB rfbg okicf Mj/
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36
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 umefeMj=de;f auMj yAee
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40
 umefeMj=de;f auMj yAee
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43
 =if;yB.boAif rFyfb (yf) a&wDnlOf FM99.MHz

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