Mathematical Formulae

1. Area
1
(a) triangle= ×base ×height
2
(b) square=length ×length
(c) Rectangle¿ length ×width
(d) rhombus / parallelogram¿ base × height
1
(e) trapezium¿ × ( a+ b ) ×height
2

2. Volume
(a) Cube, V =length × breadth× height=length ×length ×length ( l× l× l )
(b) Cuboid, V=length ×breadth × height ( l ×b × h )
(c) Cylinder, V =π r 2 h
(d) Prism, V = Ah
1
(e) Pyramid ,V = Ah
3
1 2
(f) Cone, V = π r h
3
4 3
(g) Sphere, V = πr
3
2 3
(h) Hemisphere, V = π r
3

3. Pythagoras’ Theorem: a 2+b 2=c 2

4. Cartesian Plane
(a) Distance for two points=√ (x 2−x 1)2+( y 2− y 1 ¿2
(b) Midpoint¿ ¿)

5. Circles
(a) Circumference=2 πr ( πd )
(b) Area of circle, A=π r 2
θ
(c) Length of arc= × 2 πr
1

360°
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θ
(d) Area of sector= × πr 2
360°
(e) Area of annulus¿ π R 2−π r 2=π ( R2−r 2 )

6. Total surface area

(a) Cube¿ 6 l 2
(b) Cuboid¿ 2(lw +wh+lh)
(c) Prism¿ 2 ( Area Cross− sectional ) + Perimeter Cross− sectional × h
(d) Pyramid¿ Abase +n × A slant surfaces
 (e) Cylinder¿ 2 π r 2 +2 πrh=2 πr (r+ h)
(f) Cone¿ π r 2+ πrs=πr (r + s)
(g) Sphere¿ 4 π r 2
(h) hemisphere¿ 3 π r 2

7. Trigonometry
opposite side
(a) sin θ=
h ypotenuse
adjacent side
(b) cos θ=
h ypotenuse
opposite side
(c) tanθ=
adjacent side

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