8th Semester Mechanical Engineering Syllabus

MU 801

PRODUCTION ENGINEERING

Module – 1

Theory of metal cutting: Review of deformation of metals-Tool

nomenclature and geometry-Oblique & orthogonal cutting – Mechanism of
chip formation, types, chip curl, chip control – Mechanism of orthogonal
cutting: Merchant’s circle diagram – shear angle relationship – Velocity
relationships – Effect of rake angle, cutting angle, nose radius etc. on cutting
force and surface finish – friction process in metal cutting: nature of sliding
friction, effect of increasing normal load apparent to real area of contact.

Module – 2

Machineability of metals:-Factors affecting machineability – Evaluation of

machineability, significance of tool life-factors affecting tool life-
measurement of tool life-Economics of machining – Machineability index-
Tool wear: flank & crater (KT) wear – types of wear measurements. – Tool
materials: carbon steel, HSS, coated HSS, ceramics, diamond etc.- Cutting
fluids: types, selection of liquids, properties and functions.

Module – 3

Metal powder-preparation of metal powder – Powder characteristics:

properties of fine powder, size, size distribution, shape, compressibility,
purity, etc – Mixing – Compaction techniques – hot pressing- powder rolling
and sintering- Sintering atmosphere – Finishing operations: heat treatment,
surface treatment, impregnation treatment, etc –examples of articles
produced and their applications.

Module – 4

Advanced materials and ceramics: Advanced materials Super alloys-

Titanium & titanium alloys-shape memory alloys-smart materials-properties
and applications. Ceramics: structure- Mechanical, physical properties &
applications – common types of ceramic materials – ceramic fabrication
process like slip casting, pressure forming, hot pressing, plastic forming and
ceramic joining – glass ceramics

Module – 5

Advanced manufacturing techniques: Introduction to rapid prototyping:-

methods. Abrasive water jet machining, LIGA process- principle, types,
process parameters, surface finish, applications etc.

References

1. Armargeo and Brown, The machining of metals, Prentice – Hall.

2. Berman, Barlow and Bourell, Solid free Foam fabrication: A new
direction in manufacturing. Kulwer
Academic publications.
3. Brophy, Rose & Wulf, the structure and properties of Metals Vol. 2,
Wiley Eastern.
4. Dixon and Clayton, Powder metallurgy for Engineers, Machinery
Publishing Co. London.
5. HMT, Production Technology, Tata McGrawHill.
6. Kalpakjain, Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, Addison –
Wesley, 4 rth edition.
7. Lal G. K., Introduction to machining science, New Age Publishers.
8. Metcut research, Machinability Data Centre Vol. 1 & 2. Metcut research
associates, Cincinnati.
9. Paul. H. Black, Theory of Metal Cutting, McGraw Hill.

U 802

VEHICLE DYNAMICS

Module – 1

Introduction to synthesis: Graphical methods applied to four bar mechanisms

for given input – output relation, relative pole method and inversions
method. Solutions of velocity and acceleration in mechanisms by special
methods – Hall and Ault’s auxiliary point method. Dynamic force analysis:
Inertia force, Inertia torque, determination of inertia forces – Engine
mechanism, four bar mechanism, engine force analysis, dynamically
equivalent masses, equiline output torque. Performance of road vehicles:
Tractive resistance, tractive effort, power required for propulsion, grade
ability, drawbar pull and the problems related to these terms.

Module – 2

Suspension: Requirements, spring mass frequency, wheel hop, wheel

wobble, wheel shimmy, choice of suspension spring rate, vehicle suspension
in force and apt directions, hydraulic dampers and choice of damper,
characteristics, suspension systems like independent suspensions,
compensated suspension system, rubber and air suspension systems.

Module – 3

Tyres: Types, relative merits and demerits. Ride characteristics of tyres,

behaviour while cornering, slip angle, cornering force, power consumed by a
tyre, effect of driving, braking torque, effect of camber, camber thrust.

Module – 4

Vehicle handling: Oversteer, understeer, steady state cornering, effect of

braking, driving torques on steering, effect of camber, transient effects in
cornering, directional stability of vehicles.

Module – 5

Stability of vehicles: Load distribution, stability on a curved track, stability

on a slope, Gyroscopic effects, weight transfer during acceleration and
braking, over turning and sliding, stability of a rigid vehicle and equations
of motion of a rigid vehicle, cross wind handling.

References

1. W. Steeds – Mechanics of road vehicles –Wildlife book Ltd, London

1990.
2. J. G. Giles – steering, suspension and tyres, Wildlife books Ltd, London
1968.
3. P. M. Heldt – Automotive chassis, Chilton Co, New York, 1952.
4. J. Y. Wong – Theory of ground vehicles, Johnwiley and sons Inc., New
York.
5. N. K. Giri – Automobile mechanics, Khanna Publishers, Delhi 1986.

U 803

ENGINE AND DRIVE LINE DESIGN

Module – 1

Design of IC engine components: Design of cylinder, piston, connecting rod,

design of fly wheel – turning moment diagram, functions of flywheel,
fluctuations of energy and speed in flywheel, size of the flywheel.
Springs: Types of springs, design of helical springs, deflection of coil spring,
spring rate, energy stored by spring, design of torsion bar, leaf spring design,
standard sizes of automobile suspension springs.

Module – 2

Clutches and Brakes: Design of single plate, multiplate, centrifugal and cone
clutches, design factors for brakes, heat rejected during braking, torque
transmitted by leading and trailing shoes during braking, braking force,
stopping distance, braking efficiency, weight shifted during braking, simple
problems.

Module – 3

Steering systems: Condition for true rolling, Turning circle radius of wheels,
angle of inside lock and outside lock
– problems.

Module – 4

Design of gears: Nomenclature, Lewis equation and Lewis form factor,

working stresses in gear teeth, dynamic load on gear teeth, design of spur
gear, helical gear, bevel gear and worm gear, Lewis equation for strength
and design – dynamic load, endurance load, wear load, AGMA standards.

Module – 5
Bearings: Classification of bearings, journal bearings, mechanisms of film
lubrication, Theories of lubrication, viscosity, bearing modules, coefficient
of friction, minimum oil film thickeners, heat dissipation bearings, bearing
materials, bearing design, ball and roller bearings, mechanics of rolling
friction, bearing life, static and dynamic load rating, equivalent bearing load,
bearing selection.

References

1. N. K. Giri – Automobile mechanics, Khanna Publishers,New Delhi.

2. P. M. Heldt – Torque converters, Chillon Book Co, 1952.
3. P. M. Heldt – Automotive Chassis, Chillon Book Co, 1952.
4. Shigley – Machine Design, McGraw – Hill Book Co, New York, 1956.
5. R. S. Khurmi – Machine Design.
6. Dr. Sadhu Singh – Machine Design, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi,
1997.
Note: Use of Design Data Hand Book is permitted for solving the problems.

U 804

VEHICLE TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT

Module – 1

Infrastructure: Types of roads, traffic condition, relief of congestion –

pedestrian, bus stops, shelters, bus stations, garages – layout of premises,
equipments, use of machinery. Organization and management: Forms of
ownership, principle of transport. Management – Internal organization,
centralized condition, decentralized condition (Engineering, traffic and
administration), administration, recruitment and training, welfare, health
and safety. Prevention of accidents: Emphasis of safe driving, Annual
awards, bonus encouragement, vehicle design, platform layout, location of
stops, scheduled speed, route hazard records, elimination of accident prone
drivers.

Module – 2

Public relations work: Dissemination of information, maintaining good will,

handling complaints, traffic advisory committee, local contacts, co-operation
with the press news and articles, forms of publicity, importance of quality,
inter departmental liaison, advertisement, general appearance of premises,
specialized publicity.

Module – 3

Route Planning and Scheduling: Sources of traffic, town planning, turning

points, stopping places, survey of route, factors affecting frequency,
direction of traffic flow, estimated traffic possibility, time table layout, use
of flat graph method, preparation of vehicle efficiency, checking efficiency
of crew, duty arrangements, duty of drivers and conductors.

Module – 4

Fare collection system: Principles of fare collection, way bill, bell punch
system, will brew system, T. I. M. and straight machines, box system,
personal and common stock, flat fare basis. Fare structure: Basis of fares,
effect of competition and control, calculating average charge, zone systems,
straight and tapered scales, co-ordination of tables, anomalies, double
booking, private hire charges.

Module – 5

Motor vehicle act: Importance of motor vehicle act: VIII, IX, X & XI
schedules, types of driving licenses, procedure for obtaining driving license,
registration of vehicle, types of permits, procedure for obtaining permits,
third party insurance.

References

U 805 A

ENGINEERING ECONOMICS AND AUTOMOTIVE COST

ESTIMATION

Module – 1

Introduction: Definition of various economic terms such as economic goods,

utility, value, wealth, wants, capital, rent and profit, loss and returns.
Money and exchange: Theory of exchange, stock exchange, speculation,
money, qualities of a good money, functions of money, classification of
money, value of money, index number, appreciation and depreciation of
money value, Graham’s laws and it’s limitations. Wages: Nominal and real
wages, factors affecting real wages, theory of wages, difference in wages,
methods of wage payment.

Module – 2

Interest and Depreciation: Introduction, theory of interest rates, simple and

compound interest, nominal and effective interest rates, interest formulae,
annual compounding, annual payments and continuous compounding,
annual payment, need for depreciation, obsolescence, simple problems.

Module – 3

Costs: Standard costs, estimated costs, first cost, fixed cost, variable costs,
incremental cost, differential cost, sink and marginal cost, breakeven and
minimum cost analysis, simple numerical problems. Cost accounting:
Introduction, objectives of cost accounting, elements of cost, materials cost,
labour cost and expenses, allocation of overheads by different methods,
simple numerical problems.

Module – 4

Cost Estimation: Introduction, importance, objective and functions of

estimating. Principal factors in estimating, functions and qualities of an
estimator estimating procedure.

Module – 5

Specification of automobiles: Specifications – types, specifications of some

important two wheelers, light motor vehicles and heavy – duty vehicles
(Indian makes).

References

1. Grant Etal– Engineering Economics.

2. Banga and Sharma – Mechanical Estimating and Costing.
3. Tara Sing – Engineering Economics.
4. Indian make two wheelers, light motor vehicles and heavy vehicles –
Hand book of Automobiles.

U 805 B

PROJECT MANAGEMENT (ELECTIVE – 2)

Module – 1

Project feasibility Analysis: Marketing, Technical, and financial feasibilities

– report preparation – case studies.

Module – 2

Project Management – nature and scope – PERT and CPM techniques,

Estimates – time, cost, resources (man, material, tool).

Module – 3

Fore casting methods – Time series analysis – method of least square,

moving average, curvilinear, correlation analysis.

Module – 4

Risk analysis – risk in economic analysis – measuring risk in investment,

risk profiles, decision trees, formulation of discounted decision trees,
simulation.

Module – 5.

MS Project: (Software Practice) Creation of task, sequencing of task,

assignment of resources, finding critical path, ABC activities (discuss),
breaking the activities, colouring techniques, resource balancing, allocating
overtime, using different calendars (Like 8 or 12 hours shift, Friday/ Sunday
holiday, Special public holidays, etc), cost estimates, assignment of blank
fields, creation of different views on screen. Reports: Daily reports for
completed activity, lagging activities, overall progress review, Management
high – level reports, individual Departmental reports.

References
1. Corter, Mastering MS Project 2000, BPB Publishers.
2. Harvey Maylor, Project Management, Pearson Education.
3. Prasanna Chandra, Project Management, Tata McGraw Hill.
4. Prasanna Chandra, Projects, Tata Mc Graw Hill.

MU 805 C

COMBUSTION (ELECTIVE – 2)

Module – 1

Thermodynamics of reactive mixtures: Bond energy – Heat of formation –

Heat of reaction – adiabatic flames temperatures – entropy changes for
reacting mixtures – chemical equilibrium criteria – evaluation of equilibrium
constant and equilibrium composition – simple numerical problems.

Module – 2

Elements of chemical kinetics: law of mass action – order and molecularity

of reaction – rate equation – Arrheniuss law – activation energy – collision
theory of reaction rates – Transition state theory – collision theory of
reaction rates – Transition state theory – General theory of chain reactions –
combustion of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Module – 3

Ignition and flammability: methods of ignition – self ignition – thermal

theory of ignition – limits of flammability – factors affecting flammability
limits – flame quenching – flame propagation – flame velocity –
measurement of flame velocity – factors affecting flame speed – premixed
and diffusion flames – physical structures and comparison – characteristics
of laminar and turbulent flames – theory of laminar flame propagation.

Module – 4

Flame stabilization: Stability diagrams for open flames – mechanisms of

flame stabilization – critical boundary – velocity gradient – stabilization by
eddies – bluff body stabilization – effects of variables on stability limits.
Module – 5

Combustion in solid and liquid propellant: Reactant motors – Classification

and types of propellants – desirable properties of grain shapes – burning
rates and combustion model of solid propellants – injection of liquid
propellants – ignition and ignitors. Miscellaneous topics – droplet
combustion – fluidized bed combustion – classification of coal – air
pollution.

References

Fuels and combustion 1. – S. P. Sharma.

2. Some fundamentals of combustion – Spalding. D. B.
3. Fundamentals of combustion – Strehlow. R. A.
4. Elementary reaction kinetics – Lathan. J. L.
5. Flames – Gaydan and Wolfhard.

MU 805 D

AEROSPACE ENGINEERING (ELECTIVE – 2)

Module – 1

The atmosphere: Characteristics of troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere

and ionosphere – International Standard Atmosphere – Pressure,
Temperature and Density variations in the International Standard
Atmosphere – Review of basic fluid dynamics – continuity, momentum and
energy for incompressible and compressible flows – static, dynamic and
stagnation pressures – phenomena in supersonic flows.

Module – 2

Application of dimensional analysis to 2D viscous flow over bodies –

Reynolds number – Mach number similarity – Aerofoil characteristics –
Pressure distribution – Centre of Pressure and Aerodynamic centre – Horse
shoe vertex.

Module – 3
Momentum and Blade Element Theories – Propeller co-efficients and charts
– Aircraft engines – Turbojet, turbo fan and Ram jet engines – Bypass and
Afterburners.

Module – 4

Straight and level flight – Stalling speed – Minimum drag and Minimum
power conditions – Performance curves – Gliding – Gliding angle and speed
of flattest glide – Climbing – Rate of climb – Service and Absolute ceilings
– take off and Landing Performance – Length of Runway required – Circling
flight – Banked flight – High lift devices – Range and endurance of air
lanes.

Module – 5

Air speed indicators – calculation of true air speed – Altimeters – Rate of

Climb meter – Gyro compass – Principles of wind tunnel testing – Open and
closed type Wind tunnels – Pressure and velocity measurements –
Supersonic Wind tunnels (description only) – Rocket motors – Solid and
liquid propellant rockets – Calculation of earth orbiting and escape velocities
ignoring air resistance and assuming circular orbit.

References

1. Mechanics of flight – Kermode. A. C.

2. Aerodynamics for Engineering Students – Houghton and Brock.
3. Air plane Aerodynamic – Dommasch.

U 806 A

VEHICLE MAINTENANCE (ELECTIVE)

Module – 1

Maintenance, Records and schedules: Importance of maintenance, types of

maintenance, inspection, schedule, maintenance, log sheets, servicing,
requirements of service station, layout and personnel for service station.

Module – 2
Engine overhauling and repair: Reconditioning of engine, specific tools used
for overhauling, de-carbonizing and degreasing, engine tune up, valve
reconditioning, use of automobile stethoscope, troubles and trouble shooting
related to engines.

Module – 3

Maintenance and repair of chassis: Servicing of clutch assembly, gearbox

and propeller shaft, troubles and trouble shooting on transmission,
differential maintenance and repair, backlash adjustment, servicing of
braking system, identification and rectification of brake faults, brake testing
steering system, maintenance, tyre rotation, tyre rethreading, checking and
adjusting, suspension, wheel balancing, wheel alignment.

Module – 4

Vehicle body repair and maintenance, minor panel beating, dolly blocks,
tinkering, body painting, maintenance of body trim, specific tools for body
repair, methods of towing a vehicle.

Module – 5

Maintenance of auxiliaries: Maintenance of starter motor and dynamo or

alternator, battery maintenance, methods of testing various electrical
accessories and other accessories, radiator service, anticorrosion additives,
engine oil change, preventive maintenance.

References

1. Boyce Dwiggins – Automobile Repair guide, Theodor Audel and Co.,

Indiana – 1978.
2. A. W. Judge – Maintenance of high speed diesel engine, Chapmann Hall
Ltd.
3. A. W. Judge – Motor vehicle engine servicing 3rd edition, Pitman paper
mark, London, 1969.
4. Vehicle service manuals and reputed manufacturers.

U 806 B

VEHICLE PERFORMANCE AND TESTING

Module – 1

Laboratory testing: Engine testing on dynamometers, different types, engine

analysis for petrol and diesel engines, F.I.P. calibrating and testing, exhaust
gas analyzers, various types.

Module – 2

Vehicle testing on chassis dynamometers, wheel alignment testing, wheel

balancing, testing, brake testers, head light alignment testing.

Module – 3

Noise production and control: Noise inside and outside the vehicle, sources
of vehicle noise, intake and exhaust noise, combustion noise, mechanical
noise, noise from auxiliaries, wind noises, transmission noises, brake squeal,
structure noise, noise control methods.

Module – 4

Vehicle performance: Operation of full load and part conditions, fuel

economy, effect of vehicle condition, tyre and road condition and traffic
condition and driving habits on fuel economy.

Module – 5

Road and track testing: Initial inspection, running in and durability, intensive
driving, maximum speed and acceleration, brake testing on the road, hill
climbing, handling and ride characteristics, safety, corrosion, testing,
wind tunnel testing and test tracks.

References

1. J. G. Giles – Vehicle operation and performance, Wildlife Publications,

London, 1969.
2. W. H. Crouse and L. Anglin – Motor vehicle inspection, McGraw Hill
Book Co. 1978.
3. SAE Transaction papers – 831814, 820346, 820367, 820371, 820375.
U 806 C

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES/ FUELS FOR AUTOMOBILES

Module – 1

Introduction: Need for non-conventional energy sources, energy

conservation in transportation sector, alternative energy, alcohol, hydrogen,
biomass and electric. Alcohol: Methanol and Ethanol production methods,
properties of methanol and ethanol as engine fuels, use of alcohols in SI
engines, performance of methanol and gasoline blends. Combustion
characteristics of alcohols in engine, use of alcohols in CI engines, different
method of use, Alcohol diesel emulsions, dual fuel systems.

Module – 2

Hydrogen energy: Properties of hydrogen, sources of hydrogen, production

of hydrogen, electrolysis of water, thermal decomposition of water, thermo –
chemical production and biochemical production, storage and methods,
applications to engines, modifications necessary, precautions and safety for
use – performance characteristics in engines.

Module – 3

Gaseous fuels: Biogas production, description of biogas plant, application of

biogas as a single fuel and double fuel performance, LPG property use in SI
engines, fuel metering system, performance in engines natural gas and
producer gas use in engines – general view. Vegetable oil: Vegetable oil
properties, esterification of vegetable oil, bio – diesel, diesel and vegetable
oil blends, engine performance with vegetable oil.

Module – 4

Solar power: Collection and storage of solar energy, collection devices, flat
plate collectors, concentrating type collectors, principle and working of
photovoltaic conversion, application to automobiles.

Module – 5
Electric vehicles: Design considerations, limitations, opportunities for
improvement, batteries, problems, future possibilities, capacities, types,
material requirement, driving requirements, applicability of electric cars,
cost of electric car, comparative use of fuel and energy recharging.

References

1. T. K. Garrett: Automotive fuel system, SAE INC, Warrendale, 1991.

2. J. David Powell and Richard. P. Brennan – The Automobile Technology
and society Printice Hall.
3. SAE Papers: 73802, 750121, 750118, 741008.
4. Energy research group – Alternate liquid fuels Willey Eastern Ltd, New
Delhi, 1990.
5. T. N. Vezgiriglu – Alternative energy sources.
6. Mathur and Sharma – IC Engines, Dhanpat Rai and Sons.
7. William Hamilton – Electric Automobile.

MU 806 D

CRYOGENICS (ELECTIVE – 3)

Module – 1

Introduction: Historical development – present areas involving cryogenic

engineering, Basic thermodynamics applied to liquefaction and refrigeration
process – isothermal, adiabatic and Joule Thomson expansion process –
adiabatic demagnetization – efficiency to liquefaction and coefficient of
performances – irreversibility and losses.

Module – 2

Low temperature properties of engineering materials: mechanical properties

– thermal properties – electrical and magnetic properties. Properties of
cryogenic fluids – materials of constructions for cryogenic applications.

Module – 3

Gas liquefaction systems: production of low temperatures – general

liquefaction systems – liquefaction systems for neon, hydrogen, nitrogen and
helium.
Module – 4

Cryogenic refrigeration systems: Ideal refrigeration systems – refrigerators

using liquids and gases as refrigerators – refrigerators using solids as
working media.

Module – 5

Cryogenic storage and transfer systems – Cryogenic fluid storage vessels

cryogenic fluid transfer systems. Application of cryogenics – cryo pumping
– superconductivity and superfluidity – cryogenics in space technology –
cryogenics in biology and medicine.

References

1 .Cryogenic Systems – Barron. R. F.

2. Cryogenic Engineering – Scot. R. W.
3. Cryogenic Engineering – Bell. J. H.

MU 807

MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS LABORATORY

1. Study of use of laser interferometer for caliberation of linear

measurements.
2. Measurement of temperature: Caliberation of thermometers and
pyrometers, Preparation and caliberation of thermocouple and resistance
temperature detectors (TTD & RTD).
3. Measurement of pressure: Caliberation and use of pressure measuring
instruments – Pressure Gauge, Micro manometer, Pressure Transducers,
Dead Weight pressure gauge caliberator.
4. Measurement of speed: Caliberation and use of tachometers &
stroboscope.
5. Measurement of linear and angular dimensions: Micrometer, Vernier
caliper, dial gauge, feeler gauge, comparator, interferometer, angle gauge,
sine bar, plug gauge and wire gauge.
6. Measurement of flow: Rotameter, watermeter, anemometer, caliberation
and use.
7. Measurement of surface roughness using subtonic tester.
8. Measurement of gear and screw thread profiles – gear tooth calilpers,
screw thread calipers.
9. Measurement of strain and force – calibration of strain gauges and load
cells.
10. Measurement of vibration – use of vibration pick ups, accelerometer and
vibration indicator.
11. Acoustic measurements – sound level meter – preparation of noise
contours.
12. Measurement of PH value.
13. Measurement of psychometric properties of air.
14. Analysis of Automobile exhaust gas and Flue gas – Use of instruments
like oxygen analyzer. Orsat gas analyzer, Gas chromatography.

MU 808

PROJECT & SEMINAR

At the beginning of the seventh semester, students must submit an abstract

of their undergraduate project. They must submit a preliminary report at the
end of the semester. They will complete the project in the eight-th
semester. Sessional marks for seminar will be out of 25. Sessional marks for
project will be out of 75, in which 35 marks will be based on day to day
performance assessed by the guide. Balance 40 marks will be awarded based
on the presentation of the project by the students before an evaluation board
consisting of minimum 3 faculty members including the guide.

MU 809

VIVA VOCE

A comprehensive Viva-voce examination will be conducted to assess the

student’s overall knowledge in the specified field of engineering. At the time
of viva – voce, certified reports of seminar and project work are to be
presented for evaluation.