10004 Ecology and Evolution Practice Section B/C Question 2011

Do not complete this activity before the tutorial – a list of possible

answers will be provided in the tutorial.
Complete this question by choosing the correct answer for parts A to O from the list 11 to 36
below.
15 marks = 15 mins

Diversity exists within species due to two main factors. Firstly different organisms inherit
different genes; this is called (A )__________diversity. There is also variation among
individuals in morphology, development or behaviour; this is called (B)____________
diversity.

There are four evolutionary forces that contribute to generating and maintaining diversity.
These factors include (C) ___________, that is changes to the structure of an organism’s
DNA. The changes to the DNA must occur in (D) _____________ cells that produce eggs or
sperm in order to be passed onto the next generation. Such changes in the DNA occur
randomly and are usually (E) _____________ and so reduce fitness or cause the death of an
organism.

A second evolutionary force is (F) _____________which is also called gene flow and
describes the movement of genes between populations due to interbreeding between these
populations. Populations of (G) _____________ organisms are more isolated from one
another than populations of very mobile organisms. The less gene flow between two
populations, the (H) ____________ likely they will evolve into separate species.

Evolution also occurs due to natural selection that acts on (I) _____________ not
(J)___________. The individuals vary in some attribute or trait which is (K) __________
(that is it has a genetic basis). The trait affects (L) ____________ so that individuals with a
particular form of the trait are more likely to survive or reproduce than those without the trait.

The final major evolutionary force is genetic (M) _________ in which random changes occur
to the genetic make-up of a population. Two forms are genetic (N) ____________ and (O)
_____________ effects.