Exam 2007-B - Question 2.

January 28, 2011

1
L = ∂µ φ∗ ∂ µ φ − ieAµ φ∂ µ φ∗ + ieAµ φ∗ ∂ µ φ + e2 Aµ Aµ φ∗ φ − F µν Fµν − V (φ) =
4
1 µν 2
= ∂µ φ ∂ φ − ieAµ φ∂ φ + ieAµ φ ∂ φ + e Aµ A φ φ − F Fµν + µ2 φ∗ φ + λ (φ∗ φ)
∗ µ µ ∗ ∗ µ 2 µ ∗
4
1. We get the minimal energy configuration of the fields by differenciating
the potential by them (Aµ = 0):

µ2 2
λ 2
2
V (φ1 , φ2 ) = − φ1 + φ22 + φ + φ22
2 4 1
z2 = φ21 + φ22
dV µ2 λ
= − + z2 = 0
dz 2 2 2
1 2
z2 = µ = φ21 + φ22
λ
We can choose φ2 = 0 and we get:
r
1
φ1 = ± µ = ±ν
λ
φ2 = 0
Aµ = 0

2. We define φ1 (x) = π (x) + ν and φ2 = σ (x).

1 1 1
L∈ = ∂µ σ∂ µ σ + ∂µ π∂ µ π − ν 2 λπ 2 + e2 ν 2 Aµ Aµ
2 2 2
So the masses are
√
mπ = 2ν 2 λ
mσ = 0
mA = eν