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Definitions and Explanations For OCR Physics G482
Definitions and Explanations For OCR Physics G482
Physics G482
Electric Current
The Net flow of charged particles
Vector Quantity
()
1 A = 1 C/s
Caused by electrons in a metal
Caused by ions in an electrolyte
Caused by protons/anti-protons in a PartAccel
Caused by conduction electrons and holes in a
semiconductor
Conventional current
Model used to describe the movement of charge in a
circuit.
Conventional travels from + to -
Electron Flow
The movement of electrons (normally round a
circuit)
Electrons flow from – to +
Coulomb
The standard unit for charge
equal to the quantity of electricity conveyed in one
second by a current of one ampere
1 C = 1 As
Ammeter
A device used to measure the current in a circuit
connected in series with the components
Kirchoff’s First Law
The sum of the current entering a junction is equal to
the sum of the current leaving a junction
This is a consequence of the conservation of charge
Mean Drift Velocity
The average displacement travelled of the electrons along the wire per second
Positive Negative
Potential Difference
The electrical energy transferred per unit charge
when electrical energy is converted into some other
form of energy
Electromotive Force
The electrical energy transferred per unit charge
when some other form of energy is converted into
electrical energy
The fuse used should always be a bit higher than the Current
specified by the power rating and voltage rating
Slow Blow fuse
A double helix fuse capable of withstanding short surges of
current through it
Energy transferred = P.d. x Current x Time
Measured in Joules
W = VIt
A Unit of Energy
The energy transferred when 1000W is used for
3600s, equal to 3.6 MJ
Kilowatt-hour (kWh)
Cost of using an appliance =
cost per one kWh number of kWh’s used
kWh-cost ratio
The sum of the e.m.f.s is equal to the sum of the
p.d.s in a closed loop
This is a consequence of a conservation of
energy
+
Terminal p.d.
E is Emf
V is voltage of components
I is the current
r is the internal resistance
Potential Divider
Intensity of light increases, resistance decreases
LDR
LDRs and thermistors are highly useful in these
circuits as the voltage can be change
continuously
This is useful in appliances such as a stereo to
continuously adjust the volume
propa f wav
gatio e
n
Trans
e
A wave
v
al Wa oscill where th
ation e
the d s are
irecti paral
propa on of lel to
itudin
gatio wave
n
Long
ent
acem The dis
wave tance any
has m part o
rest p oved f
from a
Dis p l
ositio
n its
l it u d e
The ma
ie the ximum d
distan isplac
rest ce fro emen
Amp
m pe t
Alway ak to
conce s positive
rns m as i t o
agnit nly
ude
The sm
h
betw allest dis
lengt
een t w tance
have o poi
the sa nts th
oscill me p at
attern
Wave
ation
The dis . of
trave tance the
ls bef w ave
itself o r e it
repea
ts
d
Perio The tim
patte e for one
rn of comp
place o scilla lete
at any tion t
point o tak
e
rence The dif
wave ference b
Diffe
leads y wh
anoth or lag ich o
er s beh ne
ind
Phase
ncy e The nu
Frequ
per u mber
nit tim of oscilla
e at a tions
ny po
int
a ve
The dis
of a w wave tance trav
per unit tim elled by th
e e
d
Spee
tio n
When
c barrie waves reb
Refle
r, cha ound
but re nging fr o m
main d i r e a
medi ing in ction
um the sa
me
tio n
When
c direc waves cha
tion w nge
Refra
from h
one m en they tr
due t e diu avel
oad m to
wave iffere anoth
speed nce in er
in eac the
h me
dium
n
actio Whena
wave
after
Diffr
passi sprea
obsta ng th ds ou
cle or rough t
gap an
Plane polarised wave
A transverse wave oscillating in only one plane
Path A
Path B
Intensity Relationships
O
Young double-slit experiment
O An experiment to demonstrate the wave nature
of light via superposition and interference
1 eV = 1.6×10 - 1 9 J
TRANSFER EQUATION
Used for electrons and other charged particles
PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT
h
λ=
𝑚𝑒 𝑣
ELECTRON DIFFRACTION USES
Diameter of a nucleus
ENERGY LEVEL
One of the specific energies an electron can have within an atom
EMISSION LINE SPECTRA
Hot Gases emit light – Emission Spectra
Cool Gases absorb white light – Absorption Spectra