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Problems 08 - Line in Space: 154 3 Cos: Ans
Problems 08 - Line in Space: 154 3 Cos: Ans
Problems 08 - Line in Space: 154 3 Cos: Ans
(1) Obtain the equations of the line through A ( 1, 2, 1 ) and B ( 2, 3, - 1 ) in vector and
Cartesian forms.
x - 1 y - 2 z - 1
Ans : r = ( 1, 2, 1 ) + k ( 1, 1, - 2 ), k ∈ R, 1
=
1
=
- 2
x - 1 y - 3 z + 1 x + 1 y - 1 z + 3
( 2 ) Find the angle between = = and = = .
2 5 -2 2 1 3
-1 3
Ans : cos
154
11
Ans :
2
x - 1 y + 1 z - 2 x y - 1 z - 1
( 5 ) Show that = = and = = are skew lines. Find the
2 -3 5 3 2 1
shortest distance between the.
2
Ans :
3
[ Ans: ( - 4, 1, - 3 ), 7 ]
(7) Obtain the vector and Cartesian forms of equations of the line through A ( 1, 2, 3 ) in
the direction ( - 1, 1, 2 ) and find the co-ordinates of the points on the line at a
distance 6 from A.
x - 1 y - 2 z - 3
Ans : r = ( 1, 2, 3 ) + k ( - 1, 1, 2 ), -1
=
1
=
2
, k ∈ R, ( 0, 3, 5 ), ( 2, 1 , 1 )
PROBLEMS 08 - LINE IN SPACE Page 2
(8) Determine which among the following pairs of lines are coincident, parallel, intersecting
or skew.
( a ) { ( 1, 3, 5 ) + k ( - 1, 2, 3 ) l k ∈ R } and { ( 1, 3, 1 ) + k ( 1, - 2, - 3 ) l k ∈ R }
( b ) r = ( 2, 1, 3 ) + k ( 1, - 1, 1 ), k ∈ R and r = ( 3, 0, 4 ) + k ( - 1, 1, - 1 ), k ∈ R
x y z x - 2 y - 1 z + 2
(c) = = and = =
2 -3 1 3 5 2
( d ) { ( k + 3, - k - 1, k + 1 ) l k ∈ R } and { ( 2k, 0, 3k - 3 ) l k ∈ R }.
(9) Find the ( perpendicular ) distance between the parallel lines x - 1 = y + 2 = z - 3 and
x - 2 = y + 3 = z - 5.
14
Ans :
3
[ Ans: ( 1, 2, 1 ), ( 3, 6, - 1 ) ]
x y - 2 z - 3
( 11 ) Find equation of the line through ( 3, - 1, 11 ) perpendicular to = = .
2 3 4
[ Ans: r = ( 3, - 1, 11 ) + k ( 1, - 6, 4 ), k ∈ R ]
-
( 12 ) Find the shortest distance between r = ( 2, 1, - 2 ) + k ( 3, - 5, 2 ), k ∈ R and
x y z
= = .
2 -3 1
1
Ans :
3
1
( 13 ) Show that the angle between any two diagonals of a cube is cos - ( 1 / 3 ).
[ Note: This angle is 109° 28’ which is the angle between any two C - H bonds of
methane. ]
PROBLEMS 08 - LINE IN SPACE Page 3
( 14 ) If a line makes angles α, β, γ and δ with the diagonals of a cube, then show that
2 2 2 2 8
sin α + sin β + sin γ + sin δ = .
3
( 16 ) Show that the lines whose direction cosines are given by the equations l + m + n = 0,
2 2 2
al + bm + cn = 0 are
( i ) perpendicular, if a + b + c = 0 and
1 1 1
( ii ) parallel, if a- + b- + c- = 0.
( 19 ) Find the equation of the straight line perpendicular to both the lines
x - 1 y - 1 z+2 x + 2 y - 5 z+3
= = and = = and passing through their
1 2 3 2 -1 2
point of intersection.
-
[ Ans: r = ( 2, 3, 1 ) + k ( 7, 4, - 5 ), k ∈ R ]
cc’ ( a + a’ ) + aa’ = 0.