EXPERIMENT NO.

FM USING 555 IC

Aim: To design and set up a frequency modulator using 555 IC.

Components and equipments required 555 IC, resistors, capacitors, diode,

DC voltage source, function generator, bread board and CRO.

Theory Output frequency of 555 astable multivibrator can be varied by applying

the modulating signal at the control pin. The functional diagram of 555 and the
function of its pin are given below. The 5K internal resistor act as a voltage
divider network providing 2/3 VCC at the inverting terminal of upper comparator
(VC) and 1/3 VCC at the non-inverting terminal of lower comparator. In the stable
state, the Q output of the contol flipflop is high. This makes the output low
because of bufferwhich usually is an inverter.

Pin 2 (trigger). This pin is used to feed the trigger input when the chip is set up
as a monostable mutlivibrator. When a trigger of amplitude greater than 1/3 V CC
is applied to this terminal terminal circuit switches to quasi stable state.

Pin 4 (Reset): This terminal is used to reset the output of the circuit irrespective
of input. A logic low input will reset the output. For normal operation this pin is
connected to VCC
.

Pin 5 (control): Voltage applied to this terminal will control the instant at which
the comparator switches and hence the pulse width of the output.
Pin 6 (threshold): If the voltage applied to the threshold terminal is greater than
2/3 VCC, upper comparator switches to logic 1 and flipflop output get reset.

Procedure
 1. Set up the circuit. Observe the function of 555 IC as astable
multivibrator.

2. Apply a 10 VPP sine wave as the modulating signal and observe output.

Circuit Diagram

Design

Take VCC = 10 V & tc = td = 1 ns.

We have tc = 0.69 RA C and td = 0.69 RB C
RA & RB should be in the range of 1K to 10K.
To limit the collector current of the internal transistor,
take RA = RB = 6.8 K then C = 0.22 µF
take R = 10 K and C = 10 µF for coupling

Waveforms
Result
FM using 555 is set up and verify the output.