Process & Siklus Hidup

Pengembangan Software

Sekilas Aktivitas Pengembangan

Software
Pengenalan Beberapa Siklus
Hidup Pengembangan Software

Pebruari 2007 IF 1483 - RPL 1

Software Engineering / RPL

• Layered Technology
– Key Process Areas

Tools

Methods
Process

Quality
[Pressman 97]

Pebruari 2007 IF 1483 - RPL 2

Software Quality

• Critical Quality • Other Attributes

Attributes – Completeness
[Sommerville 96] – Compatibility
– Maintainability – Portability
– Internationalization
– Dependability
– Understandability
– Efficiency – Scalability
– Usability – Robustness
– Testability
– Reusability
– Customizability

Pebruari 2007 IF 1483 - RPL 3

Capability Maturity Model

• Dikembangkan oleh SEI

• Lima Level Process Maturity
– Level 0: Chaos
– Level 1: Initial
– Level 2: Repeatable
– Level 3: Defined
– Level 4: Managed
– Level 5: Optimizing

Pebruari 2007 IF 1483 - RPL 4

 Prinsip-Prinsip Proses
• Menentukan seluruh aktivitas utama
• Menggunakan sumber daya, dengan batasan
tertentu, untuk menghasilkan produk antara dan
produk akhir
• Tersusun dari beberapa sub proses
• Setiap aktivitas mempunyai kriteria masukan dan
keluaran
• Aktivitas diorganisasikan secara teratur
• Mempunyai panduan yang menjelaskan tujuan
• Aturan dipakai pada aktivitas,sumberdaya & produk

Pebruari 2007 IF 1483 - RPL 5

Software Development Stages

• Requirements Analysis & Specification

• Conceptual/System Design
• Detailed/Program Design
• Implementation/Coding
• Unit & Integration Testing
• System Testing
• System Delivery
• Maintenance

Pebruari 2007 IF 1483 - RPL 6

Software Lifecycle Models

• Waterfall Model
• V Model
• Prototyping Model
• Operational Specification Model
• Phased Development Model
• Spiral Model

Pebruari 2007 IF 1483 - RPL 7

Waterfall Model
REQUIREMENTS
ANALYSIS

SYSTEM
DESIGN

PROGRAM
DESIGN

CODING

UNIT & INTE-

GRATION TESTING

SYSTEM
TESTING

ACCEPTANCE
TESTING
[Pfleeger 98] OPERATION
& MAINTENANCE

Pebruari 2007 IF 1483 - RPL 8

V Model
Validate requirements OPERATION
REQUIREMENTS & MAINTENANCE
ANALYSIS

ACCEPTANCE
TESTING
SYSTEM
DESIGN

SYSTEM
Verify design TESTING

PROGRAM UNIT & INTE-

DESIGN GRATION TESTING

CODING
[Pfleeger 98]

Pebruari 2007 IF 1483 - RPL 9

Prototyping Model

Listen to Build/Revise
Customer Mock-Up

Customer
Test-drives
Mock-up
[Pressman 97]

Pebruari 2007 IF 1483 - RPL 10

Prototyping Model
LIST OF LIST OF LIST OF
REVISIONS REVISIONS REVISIONS

revise user/
prototype customer
review

PROTOTYPE PROTOTYPE PROTOTYPE TEST

REQUIREMENTS DESIGN SYSTEM

DELIVERED
SYSTEM SYSTEM
REQUIREMENTS
(sometimes informal
or incomplete)

[Pfleeger 98]

Pebruari 2007 IF 1483 - RPL 11

Operational Specification Model
[Pfleeger 98]
Execute and
Revise

OPERATIONAL TRANSFORMED
SPECIFICATION SPECIFICATION TEST
(problem-oriented) (implementation-
oriented)

DELIVERED
SYSTEM
SYSTEM
REQUIREMENTS
(sometimes informal
or incomplete)

Pebruari 2007 IF 1483 - RPL 12

Phased Development Model
Development systems
DEVELOPERS

Build Release 1 Build Release 2 Build Release 3

Time

Use Release 1 Use Release 2 Use Release 3

USERS

Production systems
[Pfleeger 98]

Pebruari 2007 IF 1483 - RPL 13

Boehm’s Spiral Model
DETERMINE GOALS, EVALUATE ALTERNATIVES
ALTERNATIVES, AND RISKS
CONSTRAINTS raints 4 [Pfleeger 98]
Const Risk analysis 4

ra ints 3 Risk analysis

s 4 Const 3
ve
n ati
ter
Al es
3
raints 2
tiv Const Risk analysis
na 2
ter es 2
Al ativ Co
n ns
l ter tra Risk analysis 1 Proto - Proto - Proto -
A Alte
Budget 4 rnat ints type 2 type 3 type 4
Budget 3 Budget 2 Budget ives 1 Prototype 1
1 1
start
Requirements, Concept of Detailed

sig re
ts
re en

de twa
life-cycle plan operation a design

n
m
ftw ire

f
So
De
ve So equ
Int lop r
e pla ment d
and grati date ts Code
tes on n Vali iremen d ,
tp u a t e
lan req d
Vali design
f d
ie
veri Unit test

System
Implementation Acceptance test
plan test
PLAN DEVELOP AND TEST

Pebruari 2007 IF 1483 - RPL 14