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Primary Key and Foreign Key
Primary Key and Foreign Key
vi nhau rt l quan trng. Khi nhng bng lin kt vi nhau th mi bng phi c t nht mt hng mang tnh gi tr duy nht (unique identifier, hay mt ID) v gi l Primary Key, v nhng gi tr trong ct ny khng c ging nhau v bng NULL. Mi mt bng ch c mt Primary Key. Khi ta to mt PK th mt unique Index cng c to chong ct . Chng ta c th to PK khi chng ta to bng hac trong mt bng c: CODE CREATE TABLE Thuvien ( SachID int IDENTITY NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY TenSach varchar(30) ) Nu chng ta mun to mt PK vo mt bng c t trc m cha c PK: CODE ALTER TABLE Thuvien ADD Constraint PK_SachID Primary Key(SachID)
FOREIGN KEY FK dng to mi lin h gia hai bng vi nhau, nh th d trn v bng Thuvien nu ta c thm bng NguoiMuon, th bng ny vn c mt Primary Key v ng thi c thm mt ct Foreign Key tn SachID v ct ny ni vi PK SachID bng bng Thuvien. Sau khi c s lin kt gia PK v FK th mi khi thm d liu vo 2 bng ny th bao gi cng phi thm vo bng c PK trc(Thuvien), hay ni mt cch khc mi ln ta thm mt hng trong NguoiMuon th SachID phi c nht vo bn bng Thuvien trc. Th dc to bng NguoiMuon v lm mt FK n SachID bn bng Thuvien: CODE
CREATE TABLE NguoiMuon ( NguoimuonID int IDENTITY NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY SachID int NOT NULL FOREIGN KEY REFERECES Thuvien(SachID) NgayMuon datetime ) Ngi ta gi n l Foreign Key ti v n mang tnh cht ca Primary Key bng n lin kt vi, nhng n li nm ngai bng . Khi mun t FK n mt bng c t trc: CODE ALTER TABLE Thuvien ADD CONSTRAINT FK_NguoiSach FOREIGN KEY (SachID) REFERENCES Thuvien(SachID)