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18

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tar&duef txufv$wfawmftrwf a':atmifqef;pk=unf ygvkd@&Sd&if rxnhfeJ@/ 'gyJ

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19

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Rfa,June 4, 2011

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&&dSoGm;cJhygw,f?

qufoG,f&ef.......... shwe khamauk.@gmail.com

www.nldla.net
P.O Box(34) Mae Sot, Tak 63110. Thailand
Ph: 084-5789669

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Voa,June 7, 2011

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ta&;aumifpDtygt0if ukvor*~&J jrefrmh
ta&; t}uHycsufawGudk taumiftxnf
azmf vdkufemzdk@ ysufuGufaeqJ jzpfw,fvdk@
jrif=uygw,f? 'ga=umifhvnf; tckoHk;oyfr_u
wqifh jrefrmtm%mydkifawGudk vltcGifht
a&;udpPeJ@ ywfoufvdk@ EdkifiHwumu vufawG
ta&;,lEdkifr,fhtajctae jzpfvmzdk@ tqifh
wqifh jzpfvmEdkifw,fvdk@ oHk;oyf=uygw,f?
av;ESpfw}udrf usif;ywJh (UPR) vlt
cGifhta&; tajctae yHkrSefoHk;oyfr_[m ukv
or*~ vl tcG ifht a&;aumif pD&J acgif; pOf
atmufrSm yvkyfwmjzpf+yD; tzJG0ifEdkifiH udk,f
pm;vS,fawG/ vltcGifhta&; u|rf;usifolawG
eJ@ tpdk;&r[kwfwJh tzJGtpnf;awGudkyg yg0if
aqG;aEG;tpD&ifcHpm wifcGifhyxm;ygw,f? tck
w}udrf usif;yr,fh jrefrmEdkifiHudpPuawmh +yD;
cJhwJh (UPR)t}uHycsufawGudk jrefrmtpdk;&
bufu b,favmuf vdkufemovJqdkwmudk
tESpfcsKyf oHk;oyfrSm jzpfygw,f?
'gayrJh 'Dvkyfief;pOfuae tpdk;&udk rjzpf
raevdkufem&r,fh qHk;jzwfcsufrsKd; ay;Ekdifwm
awmh r[kwfygbl;? oHk;oyfcsuf qdkwmeJ@ rSwf

22

jrefrmEkdifiH vltcGifhta&;udk EdkifiHwum tmHk

pdkufvmzdk@ tajctaew&yf jzpfapw,fvdk@
tck tpnf;ta0;udk wufa&mufzdk@ *sDeDAmrd
udk a&muf&dSaewJh a'gufwmaomif;xGef;u ,l
qygw,f? 'Duae+yD;awmh jrefrmh vltcGifht
a&;tajctae EdkifiHwumu pHkprf;a&;aumf
r&SifzJGzdk@ ud;yrf;aer_ tay:rSm taxmuftul
jzpfapEdkifw,fvdk@ olu ,lqygw,f?
vmr,fh pufwifbm vl@tcGihfta&;
aumifpD &Sdw,f? taxGaxG nDvmcH&Sdw,f?
tpnf;ta0;awGrSm pkHprf;ppfaq;a&; aumf
r&SifzGJa&;udpP[m wjznf;jznf;eJ@awmh t&Sdef
jrihfvmw,f? 'D (UPR Process)uvnf; tJ'D
t&SdefjrihfwJh ae&mrSm tqifhwck jzpfw,fvdk@
jrifygw,f?
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif;u tajctae[m EdkifiH
wumvl tcG ifh ta&; Oya'oawG udk csKd;
azmufr_ &dS/ r&dS ppfaq;a&; ukvor*~pHkprf;a&;
aumfr&Sifw&yfzJGzdk@ tqdkudkawmh ukvor*~
&J jrefrmEdkifiHqdkif&m vltcGifhta&;udk,fpm;
vS,f awmrwfpf tdka[; uifwm;em;(Tomas
Ojea Quintana)u ukvor*~eJ@ EdkifiHwumudk
tqdkyxm;wmyg? tck (UPR) vkyfief;pOfu
awmh ol&JvkyfydkifcGifheJ@rwl oD;jcm;jrefrmht
a&;udpP udkifwG,fr_ jzpfw,fvdk@ rpPwm uif
wm;em;u ajymygw,f? 'gayrJh (UPR)vkyfief;
pOfeJ@ olvkyfief;t=um;rSm jrefrmhta&;eJ@
ywfoufvdk@ wlnDwJh t}uHycsufawG &dSw,fvdk@
ajymygw,f ? txl ; ojzif h a wmh Ed k if iH a &;

wpfv ESpf}udrfxkwfa0onf?

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tusOf;om;awGudk cGif;csufr&dS v$wfay;a&;

udpPudk axmufjyygw,f? 'gayrJhvnf; (UPR)
vkyfief;pOf[m topfjzpfavawmh taumif
txnfazmfa&;ydkif;rSm tm;enf;r_awGawmh &dS
Ekdifw,fvdk rpPwm uifwm;em;u ,lqyg
w,f?
(UPR)vkyfief;pOf qdkwm[m vltcGifh
ta&;aumifpD&J vkyfief;azmfaqmifr_topf
jzpfygw,f? vltcGifhta&; tajctaeawG
wdk;wufaumif;rGefvmzdk@ 'Dvkyfief;[m wpHkw
&mtaxmuftul jzpfr,fvdk@ ar#mfvifh&yg
w,f? (UPR)rSm vHkcHa&;aumifpD tzJG0ifawG
taeeJ@ EdkifiHtvdkuf EdkifiHwGif;jzpfaewJh vlt
cGifhta&;tajctaeawG tm;vHk;udk udkifwG,f
ppfaq;cGifh &vdk@ygyJ? 'gayrJh 'Dvkyfief;pOf awG&dS
csufawGudk taumiftxnfazmfa&; tydkif;
rSmawmh ar;cGe f; xkwf p&mawG &dS ygw,f ?
'ga=umifh (UPR)vkyfief;pOfu awG&dSt}uHy
csufawGudk jrefrmtpdk;&ydkif;u b,favmuf
taumiftxnfazmf vdkufemrvJqdkwmudk t
eD;uyf apmifh=unfh&rSm jzpfygw,f?
(UPR)tpnf;ta0;rSmawmh ukvor*~
vltcGifhta&; aumifpDeJ (UPR)&J t}uHy
csufawGudk b,favmuf taumiftxnf
azmf vdkufemovJ qdkwmudkawmh jrefrmtpdk;&
udk,fpm;vS,fu wkH@jyefoGm;zdk@ &dSygw,f? vlt
cGifhta&; v_yf&Sm;olawGuawmh jrefrmtpdk;
&[m ukvor*~&Jt}uHycsuf/ wdkufwGef;csuf
awG ud k vspf vsLycJh w,f vd k@ ajymygw,f ?
rpPwm uifwm;em;uawmh jrefrmtpdk;&t
aeeJ@ wu,fwrf;tao;pdwf vkyfaqmifp&m
awG trsm;}uD;&dSaew,fvdk@ jrifygw,f?

jrefrmEkdifiHwGif; vltcGifhta&; wdk;wuf

vmzdk@/ vltcGifhta&; cHpm;cGifhawG &vmapzdk@
jrefrmtpdk;&taeeJ@ tao;pdwftcdkiftrm
vkyfaqmifp&mawG &dSaeygw,f? 'gayrJhvnf;
vltcGifhta&;eJ@ trsKd;om;&if=um;apha&; udpP
awGudk &nf!$ef; ajymqdkoGm;wJh orRwopf&J
yxrqHk;rdefcGef;ajym+yD; aemufydkif;rSmawmh
tpdk;&tm%mydkifawG taeeJ@ 'Dtajymtwdkif;
vdkufygaqmif&Gufvmr,fvdk@awmh ar#mfvifh
xm;ygw,f?
jrefrmEdkifiHrSm tpdk;&opf zJG+yD;wJhaemuf
EdkifiHa&; tusOf;om;awG v$wfa&;tygt0if
vltcGifhta&; tajctaeawG ydk+yD;wdk;wuf
aumif;rGefvmvdrfhr,fvdk@ EdkifiHwuma&m/
u|rf;usifolawGuyg ar#mfvifhxm;=uwmyg?
'gayrJh vltcGifhta&; v_yf&Sm;olawGuawmh
jrefrmtpdk;&udk vltcGifhta&;eJ@ ywfouf
vm&if EdkifiHwumeJ@ yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_ t
vGeftm;enf;w,fvdk@ ajymygw,f? txl;o
jzifhawmh tck vltcGifhta&; udk,fpm;vS,f
rpPwm uifwm;em;udk jrefrmEdkifiHudk vmcGifh
ray;wJhudpPudk axmufjyygw,f?
tck (UPR)tpnf ;ta0; twG if ; ud k
rpPwm uifwm;em;taeeJ@ udk,fwdkifwuf
a&mufrSm r[kwfayrJh ukvor*~ vl@tcGihft
a&;aumifpDukd olwifjycJhwJh tpD&ifcHpmt}uH
ycsufudk (UPR)aqG;aEG;yGJrSm xnfhoGif; oHk;oyf
zdk@ &dSr,fvdk@ od&ygw,f? 'ga=umifh ukvor*~
vltcGifhta&;udk,fpm;vS,f jrefrmEdkifiHudk
oGm;a&mufppfaq;Edkifa&; udpPudkvnf; oHk;oyf
t}uHycsufrSm xnfhoGif;vdrfhr,fvdk rpPwm
uifwm;em;uawmh ar#mfvifhxm;ygw,f?

wpfv ESpf}udrfxkwfa0onf?

23

a&$
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yJcl; OD;xkyfpufHk qENjy_yD;qHk;

Mizzima,June 8, 2011

vkyif ef;cGiftwGif; wif;usyfonfh pnf; jzpfonf[k pufkHtvkyforrsm;u ajymygw,f?

rsOf;rsm;avsmhcs&ef yJcl;rd&Sd OD;xkyfpufkHrS t
vkyform; (65)OD;u w&uftvkyfrqif;bJ
qENjy+yD;aemuf vkyfief;&Sifbufu vdkuf
avsmI ajyvnfr_ &&SdoGm;ygw,f?
[oFmukef; &yfuGuf&Sd (Cap 1)pufkHwGif
tvkyform;rsm; rudufESpfoufaom t
vkyf=uyf (2)OD;udk wm0efrS z,f&Sm;ypfum vkyf
ief;cGiftwGif; pum;ajymjcif;/ tayghtav;
oGm;jcif;ESifh tcsdefuef@owfI aiGa=u; jzwf
awmufjcif;rsm;udk tvkyf&Sifbufu jyef
vnfkyfodrf;cJhygw,f?
pufkH refae*smxH ZGefv (3)&ufae@wGif
awmif; qd kcsufr sm; wifj yawmif ;qdk cJ h& m
rvdkufavsmojzifh (6)&ufae@rSpI tvkyf
rqif;bJ qENjycJh+yD;/ aemufw&ufwGif pufkH
ydkif&SifxH rde,ftm%mydkifrsm;ESifh aejynf
awmftvkyform; 0ef}uD;Xme wm0ef&Sdolrsm;
vma&mufawG@qHk+yD;aemuf ajyvnfoGm;jcif;
jzpfy gw,f ? (worker)tvk yf orm;rsm;u
usef;rma&; apmifha&SmufcGifh &&ef/ tcsdefydkcdkif;
&mY wduspGm tcsdefowfrSwf&efESifh oef@pif
cef;oGm;csdef ydkay;&ef awmif;qdkcJh=uygw,f?
,cifu oef@pifcef;oGm;csdefrSm reuf
(8)em&DrS (9)em&Dtxd vnf;aumif; / nae
(3)em&DrS (4)em&Dtxd vnf;aumif; owf
rSwfxm;+yD; xdktcsdefrsm;wGif r[kwfbJ taygh
tav;pGef@vdkygu w}udrf usyf (500) jzwf
awmufjcif;ESifh vufiif;jzpfygu (200)usyf

24

xdk@jyif tvkyfcsdefwGif; pum;ajymonfudk awG@&Sdyg

uvnf; xkduJhodk@yif aiGjzwfonf[k qdkygw,f?
rlvwGif tvkyform; (19)OD;om vufrSwf
xdk; wdkifwef;cJh+yD; aemufxyf (40)ausmf yl;aygif;
yg0ifvma=umif; tvkyform;rsm;. qENt&
yJcl;rd tvkyform;kH;odk@ ulnDwdkif=um;ay;cJh
onfh yJcl;wdkif; trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tiftm;pk
ygwDrS wd kif;OuUOD;atmifrsKd;0if;u ajymygw,f?
tvkyform;rsm; qENjyr_udk &JESifh t&yf0wf
&Jowif;wyfzGJ@ (15)OD;ausmfu qdkifu,frsm;jzifh
(2)&ufqufwdkuf vdkufvHapmifh=unfhcJh+yD; qENjyr_
ydk}uD;rvm&ef rde,ftkyfcsKyfa&;r; OD;atmifaqG
jrifh tygt0if tvkyform;kH; wm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifh
&Jt&m&Sdrsm;u pufkHwm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;
wdkifyifcJh=uonf[k qdkygw,f?
awmifudk&D;,m;EdkifiHom;ydkif pufkHwGif t
vkyform; (260)ausmf&Sdum yJcl;ESifh oeyifrd
e,frsm;rS jzpf=u+yD;/ trsKd;orD;trsm;pk jzpfum
trsKd;om; (20)cef@om &Sdygw,f?

vk y f o if hv k y fx d ku f w Jh u d p P u dk vky f a y;zdk
awmif;qdkw meJbJ rvkyfwmqdka wmif; qdk
wJ h o l t rS m ;vm; rvk y f w J h o l t rS m ;vm;
qd k x mpOf ; pm;=unf h, H k e J bJ tajzay:yg
w,f ?
(a':atmifq ef; pk= unf)

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EdkifiHa&; tusOf;om; vGwfajrmufa&; rdom;pkawG aqG;aEG;

Voa,June 12, 2011

r=umcifu vGwfajrmufvmwJh EdkifiHa&; csuft&qkd&if tpkd;&ukd,fwkdifu 0efcHxm; wm

tusOf;om;awGeJ@ tusOf;uscHae&qJ jzpfwJh

EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG&J rdom;pk0ifawG
awGqkH=u+yD; w&m;Oya'a=umif;t& EkdifiHa&;
tusOf;om;awG vGwfajrmufa&;ukd enf;vrf;
&SmcJh=uygw,f? vwfwavm vGwfajrmufvm
wJh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGeJ@vnf; axmif
wGif;tajctaeudk ar;jref;+yD; axmifwGif;u
EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGudk tultnDay;Ekdif
zdk@twGuf aqG;aEG;cJh=uygw,f?
EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om; rdom;pk0ifawGeJ@
vGwfa jrmuf vmwJh Ek difiH a&;tusOf; om;
(100)ausmf EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om; udkydwf
xGef;&JaetdrfrSm pkaygif;awGqHkyGJav; vkyf=u
ygw,f? 'DawGqHkyGJrSm vuf&SdtusOf;usaewJh
EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG vGwfajrmufa&;t
wG uf w&m;Oya'a=umif; uae b,fvd k
aqmif&GufEdkifrvJqdkwmudk aqG;aEG;cJh=uyg
w,f? tpdk;&opftaeeJ@ EdkifiHa&; tusOf;
om;awGtygt0if rw&m;rSm;,Gif;zrf;qD;
tusOf;csxm; cH&olawGudk Oya'a=umif;t&
jyefvnfppfaq;+yD; vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifhay;
a&; vkyfukdifEkdifr,fh enf;vrf;awGudk quf+yD;
vkyfaqmifoGm;r,fvdk@vnf; EdkifiHa&;tusOf;
om;a[mif;wOD;jzpfwJh udk[ef0if;atmifu
ajymygw,f? w&m;a&;qkdif&mt& ravsmf
ruefr_awG &SdEkdifw,f/ EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;
awG tay:ukd &Sdaew,fqkdwmvnf; usaemf
wkd @ ,k H=unfw,f ? bma=umifhvJ qkda wmh
(2004)ckESpf Ekd0ifbmv (18)&ufae@u t

&Sdw,f? ravsmfruefvkyfcJh&wJhtwGuf jyefv$wf

ay;cJ h & wJ h (14318)a,muf &S d cJ h z l ; w,f ?
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vnfqef;ppfay;zkd@qdkwJh[m Oya'a=umif;t&
awmif ;zdk@qkdwJh &nf&G,fcsufawG &Sdw,f? tusOf;
us rdom;pkawGudk,fwkdif qkdif&mqkdif&m Oya'
abmifxJuae+yD;awmh Oya't& jyefvnf
qef;ppfokH;oyfay;zkd@qkdwmukd oufqkdif&m
Oya'vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;awGeJ@tnD 0kdif;0ef;+yD;
wydifwnf; vkyfaqmifzkd@? tajctae ay;w,f
qkd&ifayghav/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&; tajctae
ay;w,fqkdwJh EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om; rdom;pk
rsm;u OD;aqmif+yD;vkyfzdk@twGuf usaemfwkd@t
aeeJ@ wkdufwGef;csifygw,f?
'ghtjyif r=umcifu vGwfajrmufvmwJh
EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGqDuae axmifwGif;
tajctaeawGudkvnf; aqG;aEG;cJh=uygao;
w,fvdk@ EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om; udkydwfxGef;&J
rdcifjzpfol a':!Gef@!Gef@OD;u ajymygw,f? EkdifiH
a&; rdom;pkawGuvnf; axmifusESpf wESpf
av#mhvdkufwJhtay:rSm trsm;}uD;yJ cHpm;csuf
awG jzpfw,f? tJ'Dusawmh wa,mufeJ@ w
a,muf tm;ay;=uwmyg? usrwkd@ tcsif;csif;
u wa,mufcHpm;csufudk wa,mufu em;
vnfw,f? wa,muftcuftcJ/ wa,muf
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w,f? aemuf vGwfvmwJholawGudkvnf; usr
wkd@u awGcsifw,fav? bmjzpfvdk@vJqkdawmh
usrwkd@om;awG rvGwfayrJh olwkd@vGwfvm

wpfv ESpf}udrfxkwfa0onf?

25

a&$
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wmudk usrwkd@u t&rf;0rf;omw,f?

rdom;pkeJ@a0;wJh tusOf;axmifawGudk
ydk@aqmifwmrsKd;awGudk tm%mydkifawGu vkyf
aqmifaewJhtwGuf rdom;pkeJ@ axmif0ifpm
awGzdk@ cufcJ+yD; vHkavmufwJh usef;rma&;apmifh
a&Smufr_ r&wmrsKd;awG EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;
awG &ifqdkifae=u&ygw,f? 'ga=umifh tm%m
ydkifawGbufu 'Duefowfr_awGudk av#mhay;
r,fqdk&if EkdifiHa&; tusOf;om;awGtwGuf
ydk+yD;ulnDapmifha&Smufr_ ay;EdkifrSm jzpfw,fvdk@
vnf ; ud k [ ef 0 if ; atmif u ajymygw,f ?
usaemfwkd@bufu tck vkyfay;Ekdifw,fqkdwJh
tcsufawGu tck&SdaewJh tcuftcJ/ twm;
tqD;awGuae+yD;awmhyJ azmufxGuf+yD; vkyf
ae&wm jzpfwJhtwGuf xda&mufr_ odyfr&Sdbl;?
xda&mufr_ ykdrkd&Sdvmzkd@qkd&if tpkd;&buf tykdif;
uydwfqkd@xm;wJh tcsuftvufwcsKd/ qD
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usKd;jzpfxGef;r_ r&SdawmhwJh[mawG jyifqif+yD;
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pepfawG/ w&m;pD&ifa&; pepfawGuae vkyfr,f

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ulnDEkdifrSmyg? odk@aomfvnf; b,fvdkyif twm;
tqD;awG &Sdaeygap/ txJrSm &SdaewJh EkdifiHa&;
tusOf; om;awGt wGuf usaemfwk d@ txd
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&SmazG+yD;awmh tck vkyfaeygw,f?
EdkifiHa&; tusOf;om;rsm; vGwfajrmufa&;
twGuf tpdk;&opftygt0if EkdifiHwumuyg
xdxda&mufa&muf vkyfaqmifay;a&;twGuf
EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om; rdom;pk0ifawGtygt0if
wufuG v_yf&Sm;olawGu vkyfaqmifae=u
wmyg?
jrefrmEkdifiHudk oGm;a&mufcJhwJh tar&duef
txufv$wfawmftrwf *|efrufudef;uawmh
jrefrmtpdk;&taeeJ@ EdkifiHwum =uufajceDt
oif; (ICRC)udk tusOf;axmifawGrSm 0if
a&mufppfaq;cGifh jyefay;aumif; ay;Edkifw,f
qdk+yD; ajym=um;cJhygw,f?
jrefrmtpdk;&u (2006)ckESpfuwnf;u
(ICRC)udk tusOf;axmifawGrSm 0ifa&mufppf
aq;cGifh ydwfyifcJhwmjzpfwJhtwGuf tusOf;om;
awG[m ykd+yD; tcGifhta&; csKd;azmufcHae&wm
jzpfw,fvdk@vnf; EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om; rdom;pk
0ifawGu ajymqkdae=uygw,f?

xdk;ppf&yf&ef KIO u tpdk;&udk &mZoHay;

xdk;ppfqifr_udk wevFmae@vnf (12)em&D

Voa,June 13, 2011

ZGefv (11-12)&ufae@rsm;wGif (KIO)ESifh

aemufqHk;xm;I &yfwef@&ef ucsifvGwfajrmuf tpdk;&wyfrsm;t=um; vufeuf}uD;rsm;jzifh
a&;tzGJ@ (KIO)u aejynfawmfokd@ &mZoH ay; tjyeftvSef ypfcwfcJht+yD;/ ucsifjynfe,f
vdkufa=umif; (KIO)A[kdaumfrwD0if OD;veef omru &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufykdif;/ r[mrdwf
u ajymygw,f?
vufeufukdiftzGJ@rsm;. e,fajrrsm;wGif wkduf

26

wpfv ESpf}udrfxkwfa0onf?

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bufrS tajrmuftjrm; usqHk;um/ rkd;armuf
ESifh Aef;armf&Sd aq;Hkrsm;Y tenf;qHk;vlem
(100)0ef;usif&Sdonf[k a'ocHrsm;tajymt
& od&a=umif; OD;veefu ajymygw,f? xkd
wkdufyGJteD;&Sd &Gmrsm;om;ESifh vG,f*s,frdteD;
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buf us,facgif/ vm;&if;aus;&Gmbuf xGuf
ajy;wdrf;a&Smifr_rsm; &Sdaeygw,f?
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27

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eefu ajymygw,f?
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t&yfom;rsm;udk wyfvSef@xm;um/ vkdifZm
teD;wGif ppftiftm;rsm; toifhtaetxm;
jzifh wdk;csJcsxm;vmaoma=umifh ppfjzpfyGm;

rnfukd pkd;&drfojzifh vkdifZmrS (6)rkdiftuGm&Sd

v*sm;,ef/ r'D;,ef/ atmif*sm ponfh aus;
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onf[k (KIO)XmecsKyfrS t&m&SdwOD;u ajym
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ucsif ppfajy; 'kuQonf ydkrsm;vmae

Irrawaddy,June 15, 2011

jrefrmhwyfrawmfESifh ucsif vGwfvyfa&; yGm;r_ r&Sdao;a=umif;/ jrefrmhwyfrawmf.

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cJha=umif; od&ygw,f? wdkufyGJ}uD;rsm; xyfrH jzpf

28

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29

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30

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32

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