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Subsea in Sixty Minutes!

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

SUBSEA SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Umbilical PLEM Tree UTA

Jumper Manifold Control Pod

Jumper

Flying Leads

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Drivers for Using Subsea Systems Drivers for Using Subsea Systems
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Why Subsea?

Economics: production may not justify the CAPEX for a platform. Field reservoir areas may not be reached by delineated drilling from surface wells. The water depth may be too great to use a surface well platform. Early Production: fast-track development is required.

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Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

SUBSEA SYSTEMS
Advantages/ Disadvantages Advantages/ Disadvantages
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Advantages - Eliminate or reduce CAPEX of platform - Cost burden transferred from CAPEX to OPEX - Construction cycle is conducive to fast-track projects - Suitable to phased projects

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Disadvantages - Complex hardware - Inaccessible for maintenance and repair. - Intervention is expensive and complex

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Field Configurations
Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

SUBSEA EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATIONS

Satellite Well Systems Satellite Well Systems
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Individual wells are tied directly to a host facility. Tiebacks can be single or multiple wells. Hosts can be SWP, TLP, SPAR, FPS, FPSO, etc.

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Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

SUBSEA EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATIONS

Template Manifold Systems Template Manifold Systems

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Wells are drilled and completed through template manifold. Central drilling center. Well targets reached via directional drilling. May have satellite wells tied back to manifold.

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Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

FIELD CONFIGURATIONS
Well Cluster Systems Well Cluster Systems
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Wells are drilled in Wells are drilled in close proximity and close proximity and produce through a produce through a common manifold. common manifold.

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Batch drilling and Batch drilling and completion are completion are common. common. Components are Components are small easily small easily deployed modular deployed modular units. units.

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Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Subsea Wellheads
Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

What is a Subsea Wellhead?

The subsea wellhead is the interface between subsurface equipment (downhole) and the surface equipment (tree, BOP, flowlines, host, etc.)

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Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

What is the purpose of a Subsea Wellhead?

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Support the BOP (Blowout Support the BOP (Blowout Preventer) and seal the well Preventer) and seal the well during drilling during drilling

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Support and seal the subsea Support and seal the subsea tree during production. tree during production.

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Support the tubing hanger in a Support the tubing hanger in a conventional subsea tree. conventional subsea tree.

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Act as a hanger for the casing Act as a hanger for the casing strings in the well annulus. strings in the well annulus.

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Subsea Wellhead Classification

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Typical Sizes: 13 5/8 in, 16 in, 18 in, 21 in Most Common: 18 inch Pressure Ratings: 10,000 psi or 15,000 psi Common Standard: 18 in x 10,000 psi 18 in x 15,000 psi is quickly becoming the new standard

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Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Wellhead Profiles
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All wellheads have an external profile All wellheads have an external profile for BOP or tree connectors for BOP or tree connectors

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Cameron hub or Vetco mandrel Cameron hub or Vetco mandrel profiles are the most common. profiles are the most common.

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Cooperative license agreements Cooperative license agreements allow competitors to provide profile allow competitors to provide profile selections. selections.

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The wellhead profile must match the The wellhead profile must match the BOP or tree connector. BOP or tree connector.

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BOP connectors can be changed out BOP connectors can be changed out but subsea trees require a but subsea trees require a conversion spool called a tubing conversion spool called a tubing spool. spool.

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Major Subsea Wellhead Suppliers

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ABB Vetco Cooper Cameron Dril-Quip FMC Kvaerner National

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

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Subsea Trees

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

What is a Subsea Tree?

A set of valves and piping to allow the control of a well during production at the mudline and remote to the host facility.

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Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

What Makes Subsea Trees Different from Surface Trees?

Subsea Trees are:
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More complex Larger More robust More expensive Inaccessible

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Types of Subsea Trees

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Horizontal Horizontal Tree Tree Conventional Conventional Tree Tree Mudline Mudline Tree Tree

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Subsea Tree Major Components

Tree Cap Tree Cap Subsea Choke Subsea Choke Valve Block Valve Block Tree Connector Tree Connector Tubing Hanger Tubing Hanger Wellhead Wellhead PGB PGB

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Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Conventional Vs Horizontal Features

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Dual Bore Tree Dual Bore Tree

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Horizontal Tree Horizontal Tree

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Master & swab valves in vertical bore Master & swab valves in vertical bore Tree run after tubing Tree run after tubing Tubing Hanger orients from wellhead Tubing Hanger orients from wellhead External tree cap External tree cap

No valves in the vertical bore No valves in the vertical bore Tree run before the tubing Tree run before the tubing Tubing hanger orients in tree Tubing hanger orients in tree Internal tree cap Internal tree cap

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Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Horizontal Vs Conventional Trees Configuration

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Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Advantages/Disadvantages Conventional Tree

Advantages Advantages
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Vertical access to annulus Vertical access to annulus Tubing is undisturbed if tree is pulled Tubing is undisturbed if tree is pulled Dual completion designs are available Dual completion designs are available Tubing hanger seals are not exposed to well Tubing hanger seals are not exposed to well fluids fluids

Disadvantages Disadvantages
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The tree must be pulled if tubing must be pulled The tree must be pulled if tubing must be pulled Dual bore Installation/Workover riser required Dual bore Installation/Workover riser required More valves required per tree More valves required per tree More running tools required More running tools required

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Advantages/Disadvantages Horizontal Tree

Advantages Advantages
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Installation/Workover riser not required Installation/Workover riser not required Fewer valves per tree required Fewer valves per tree required Tree is undisturbed if the tubing is pulled Tree is undisturbed if the tubing is pulled A larger vertical bore is available A larger vertical bore is available Fewer running tools required Fewer running tools required

Disadvantages Disadvantages
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The tubing is pulled if the tree fails The tubing is pulled if the tree fails No vertical access No vertical access Tubing hanger seals are exposed to well fluid Tubing hanger seals are exposed to well fluid

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Misc. Tree Hardware Jewelry

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Retrievable subsea chokes Tree mounted pressure and temperature transducers Downhole pressure and temperature transducers Downhole flowmeters Tree mounted flowmeters ROV overrides on tree valves Seal test ports Trawlboard and dropped object protection

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

How Are Subsea Trees Identified?

Type: Conventional or Horizontal l Working Pressure Rating : 5,000 , l 10,000 , or 15,000 psig l Tubing Size: production tubing and l annulus tubing ( 4-in x 2 in) l Any Special Features: integral block, l clad, guideline/ guidelineless, split, TFL, etc. Example: Horizontal 4 X 2- 10,000 psi, Inconel clad, guidelineless subsea tree
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Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Major Subsea Tree Suppliers

FMC Cooper Cameron ABB Vetco Kvaever National

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Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

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Subsea Manifold Systems

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

SUBSEA MANIFOLDS
What is a Subsea Manifold? What is a Subsea Manifold?
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Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

A collection of valves, pipework and connection devices located on the seabed A subsea manifold collects flow from multiple wells before transporting the fluid to the host facility

SUBSEA MANIFOLDS
Why are subsea manifolds necessary? l Collect flow from a number of subsea l wells into a single transportation system l Provide an economical alternative l to individual flowlines l Commingle production from l individual wells l Provide a mechanism for well l testing l Allows first oil to be produced in a l phased well development program
Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

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SUBSEA MANIFOLD TYPES

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Template Manifolds Cluster Manifolds Large Gathering Manifolds Hybrid Manifolds

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

SUBSEA MANIFOLDS
Template Manifolds l Provides drilling base and l manifold in one structure l Provides a multi-well drilling l template l May be small (i.e. 3-slot) or l large (i.e. 24-slot) l Multi-well subsea tieback to a l host facility

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Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

SUBSEA MANIFOLDS
Cluster Manifolds
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Trees are located within 15 to 50 meters

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Generally small (4 or 6-slots) Commingles production or distributes injection

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Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

SUBSEA MANIFOLDS
Modular Manifolds
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Modular Building block arrangement Size may be increases after installation Some designs fold up for smaller installation package Standard design

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Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

SUBSEA MANIFOLDS
Hybrid Manifolds l Template Manifolds that allow l satellite well tie-ins l Generally large structure for l high well count
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Associated production riser system Generally located near the platform facility

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

BASIC MANIFOLD DESIGNS

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Single Header Manifolds

- Water injection - Gas injection

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Dual or Multiple Header Manifolds

- Oil and gas production systems - Dual flowlines - Well test and gas lift capabilities

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

BASIC MANIFOLD DESIGNS

Single Header Manifolds
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Typical of gas or water injection manifolds

Manifold

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All wells connected to the main header

Flowlines

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Non-piggable

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

BASIC MANIFOLD DESIGNS

Dual Header With Selective Branch Valves
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Selective routing of wells to headers Allows round trip Flowlines pigging Accommodates well test via isolation Allows dual pressure regime production

Manifold

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

BASIC MANIFOLD DESIGNS

Multi-Header With Selective Branch Valves
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Selective routing of wells to production header or test line Allows round trip pigging Allows dual pressure regime production

Flowline Test Line Flowline Manifold

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Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

MANIFOLD ASSEMBLY EXAMPLES

Cluster Manifold Cluster Manifold BP Foinhaven Field BP Foinhaven Field West of Shetlands West of Shetlands

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Template Manifold Template Manifold Texaco Captain Field Texaco Captain Field North Sea North Sea

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

MANIFOLD ASSEMBLY EXAMPLES

Cluster Manifold Cluster Manifold Shell Popeye Field Shell Popeye Field Gulf of Mexico Gulf of Mexico

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Cluster Manifold Cluster Manifold Texaco Gemini Field Texaco Gemini Field Gulf of Mexico Gulf of Mexico
Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

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Subsea Jumper Systems

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

SUBSEA JUMPER SYSTEMS

What is a Subsea Jumper?
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A means of connecting subsea equipment together

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Consists of connection devices either end of a jumper spool piece (pipe)

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

SUBSEA JUMPER SYSTEMS Subsea Jumper Basic Types

Rigid Pipe Spool
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Flexible Pipe Spool

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Equipment is connected using a jumper fabricated from rigid pipe Can be fabricated on site or onshore

Flexible pipe spool (e.g. Coflexip) Equipment is connected using flexible pipe Manufactured on shore and shipped complete

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Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

SUBSEA JUMPER SYSTEMS

Rigid Jumpers Rigid Jumpers

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Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

SUBSEA JUMPER SYSTEMS

Flexible Jumpers Flexible Jumpers

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Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

HORIZONTAL CONNECTION SYSTEM

Horizontal Arrangement l Stab and Hinge-Over l Design (SHO) l Mating hubs are positioned l together horizontally l Connection made by l running tool or integrated hydraulics l Hubs are pulled (Running l tool) or stoked (integrated hydraulics) together before connection is made

Vertical Connection System

Collet Connector

Receiver Structure

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Subsea Production Control Systems

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Subsea Control Systems

Why do we need them?
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To enable remote control of subsea production wells by: To enable remote control of subsea production wells by:
- Operation of subsea valves - Operation of subsea valves - Adjusting subsea chokes - Adjusting subsea chokes

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To enable the safe operation of subsea wells by: To enable the safe operation of subsea wells by:
- Closing valves on command - Closing valves on command - Performing shutdown operations - Performing shutdown operations - Enabling interlock functions - Enabling interlock functions

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To monitor conditions during production by: To monitor conditions during production by:
- Readback of produced fluid conditions - Readback of produced fluid conditions - Warning of unstable/ undesirable conditions - Warning of unstable/ undesirable conditions - Continually updating all system information - Continually updating all system information

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Subsea Control System Types

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1. Direct Hydraulic - Up to 3 miles - Single wells 2. Piloted Hydraulic - Up to 7 miles - Low well count 3. Electro Hydraulic - 65 miles + to date - Multiple wells

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Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

What Can Subsea Control Systems Do?

FUNCTION FUNCTION Tree Valves Tree Valves SCSSVS SCSSVS Chokes Chokes Manifold Valves Manifold Valves Pipeline Valves Pipeline Valves Throttle Valves Throttle Valves PREVENT PREVENT Operator Error Operator Error Overpressure Overpressure Incorrect Valve Operation Incorrect Valve Operation MONITOR MONITOR Pressure Pressure Temperature Temperature Flow Rate Flow Rate Choke Position Choke Position Valve Position Valve Position Erosion Rates Erosion Rates Corrosion Rates Corrosion Rates RESPOND RESPOND Automatic Well Shut in Automatic Well Shut in Automatic Choke Control Automatic Choke Control Automatic System Shut in Automatic System Shut in

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Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Electro/Hydraulic Control System Major Components

Hydraulic Power Unit (HPU) Master Control Station (MCS)

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Electrical Power Unit (EPU) Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) Topside Umbilical Termination Assembly (TUTA) Subsea Umbilical Umbilical Termination Unit (UTA) Subsea Distribution Unit (SDU) Flying Leads Subsea Control Module (SCM or Pod)
Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Hydraulic Power Unit (HPU)

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Provides system hydraulic pressure Stores control fluid energy Supplies clean hydraulic fluid Regulates supply pressure Sends status information to the MCS Allows remote or local control

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Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Master Control Station (MCS)

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Operator Control Station Supplies and monitors subsea power Sends and receives signals via the SCM Allows operator intervention Provides interface with platform control system

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Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Subsea Control Pod

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Subsea control center Subsea control center Executes commands from the surface Executes commands from the surface Features Features
- Must be fully retrievable - Must be fully retrievable - Receives and sends signals to MCS - Receives and sends signals to MCS - Tracks internal status and transmits to the MCS - Tracks internal status and transmits to the MCS - Functions subsea valves - Functions subsea valves - Monitors subsea sensors - Monitors subsea sensors - Re-configuration from topside - Re-configuration from topside

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May operate 18 24 hydraulic functions May operate 18 24 hydraulic functions May monitor 8 10 remote sensor inputs May monitor 8 10 remote sensor inputs

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Subsea Umbilicals
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Provides link between surface (operator) and subsea equipment Supplies hydraulic fluid to operate subsea valves and chokes Supplies electrical power to operate subsea electronics Transmits electronic signals to execute operational commands subsea Returns electronic data to the surface from subsea instrumentation

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Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Subsea Umbilicals
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Very many types/sizes/configurations/materials Main factors effecting design:

- Water depth -

- Tie-back type - Internal pressures - Tie-back length - Installation methods

- Chemical compatibility - Flow rates - Size of field - Service life

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Subsea Umbilical Types

Types Types
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Hydraulic Umbilicals Hydraulic Umbilicals Electrical Electric Umbilicals Electrical Electric Umbilicals Electro-Hydraulic Umbilicals Electro-Hydraulic Umbilicals

Construction Construction
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Thermoplastic Tubes Umbilicals Thermoplastic Tubes Umbilicals Steel Tube Umbilicals Steel Tube Umbilicals

New Configurations New Configurations

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Integrated Service Umbilicals (ISU) Integrated Service Umbilicals (ISU) Integrated Production Umbilicals (IPU) Integrated Production Umbilicals (IPU)

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Direct or Piloted Hydraulic Umbilical

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Simple
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- Short tiebacks - Steel tube or hose

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All hydraulic systems

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Electro-Hydraulic Umbilical
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Complex - Electrical power pairs

- Electrical signal pairs - HP hydraulic supply- hose or tube - LP hydraulic supply- hose or tube l Most Common Type l - Deep water applications - Long offsets
Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Subsea Umbilical
Design Considerations: l Water depth l l Tie-back type l l Tie-back length l l Service life l l Installation l l Chemical compatibility l l Flow rates l l Internal pressures l l Size of field l

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Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Umbilical Terminations
Umbilical Termination Unit (UTA)
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Provides the subsea termination for Provides the subsea termination for the umbilical the umbilical

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Can be the subsea distribution point Can be the subsea distribution point for hydraulic fluid, electrical power, for hydraulic fluid, electrical power, electronic signals, and injection electronic signals, and injection chemicals chemicals

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Provides an interface for flying leads Provides an interface for flying leads or SDUs or SDUs

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Can be retrieved for maintenance Can be retrieved for maintenance

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Subsea Distribution
Flying Leads
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Connects UTA or SDU to subsea Connects UTA or SDU to subsea trees and manifolds trees and manifolds

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Provides distribution of hydraulic Provides distribution of hydraulic fluid, electrical power, electronic fluid, electrical power, electronic signals, and injection chemicals to signals, and injection chemicals to subsea equipment subsea equipment

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Can be retrieved for maintenance Can be retrieved for maintenance May be high collapse resistant May be high collapse resistant thermoplastic or steel tube thermoplastic or steel tube configuration configuration

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01

Subsea Distribution
Subsea Distribution Unit (SDU)
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Provides distribution of hydraulic fluid, Provides distribution of hydraulic fluid, electrical power, electronic signals, and electrical power, electronic signals, and injection chemicals injection chemicals

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Provides interface for flying leads Provides interface for flying leads Can be an isolation point for supplies Can be an isolation point for supplies Can be retrieved for maintenance Can be retrieved for maintenance Can be reconfigured subsea Can be reconfigured subsea

Subsea Presentation 6/26/01