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2011/4/18

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2008

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2011/2/23

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CONTENTS
1

10

15

29

41

41

47

50

55

62

69

69

78

88

100

105

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113

116

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2002

129

138

151

159

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163

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193

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195

207

213

214

218

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CONTENTS
20

1-1

44

2-1

72

3-110

178

5-1

185

5-2

217

222

224

232

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CONTENTS
9

1-1

17

1-2

26

1-3

28

1-4

32

1-5

34

1-6

54

2-1

83

3-1

118

4-1

133

4-2

160

5-1 1 9 9 8
2007

161

5-21999
2007

169

5-3

170

5-4

176

5-5

182

5-5

229

230

234

236

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1997
windows of opportunity
1

1997912
20001
19592241

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1990

5
6

2005
2006
2007
Andrew J.
Nathan, Chinese Democracy (New York: Distributed by Random House, 1985), pp. 67-86; Chihyu Shih, Collective Democracy: Political and Legal Reform in China (Hong Kong: Chinese
University Press, 1999); David L. Hall, and Roger T. Ames, The Democracy of the Dead: Dewey,
Confucius, and the Hope for Democracy in China (Chicago: Open Court, 1999), p. 166; Shaohua
Hu, Confucianism and Western Democracy, in Suisheng Zhao ed., China and Democracy: The
Prospect for a Democratic China (New York: Routledge, 2000), pp. 66-67; Baogang He, The
Democratization of China (New York: Routledge, 1996), p. 46.
John L. Thornton, Long Time Coming: The Prospects for Democracy in China, Foreign Affairs,
vol. 87, no. 1 (January/February 2008), pp. 2-22.

91
2008175-118

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8
9

Z12008227

2006316C20
2008
447

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institutional change
new institutionalism
rational choice theoryhistorical institutionalism
individual maximization
11

10
11

Yasheng Huang, Central-Local Relations in China during the Reform Era: the Economic and
Institutional Dimensions, World Development, vol. 24, no 4 (April 1996), pp. 655-672.
B. Guy Peters, Institutional Theory in Political Science: The New Institutionalism (London; New
York: Pinter, 1999), pp. 43-77.

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Vivienne ShueThe Reach of the State

honeycomb
12

Susan H. Whiting
principal agent

13

14

moral hazard

Vivienne Shue, The Reach of the State: Sketches of the Chinese Body Politic (Stanford, Calif.:
Stanford University Press, 1988).
13
Susan Whiting, The Cadre Evaluation System at the Grass Roots: The Paradox of Party Rule, in
Barry Naughton and Dali L. Yang eds., Holding China Together: Diversity and National Integration
in the Post-Deng Era (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004), pp. 101-119.
14
Susan H. Whiting, Power and Wealth in Rural China: the Political Economy of Institutional
Change (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001).
12

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preference
endogenous
15

dual
developmental state

two-tired structure
transition costs

16

famine
effectspatial effectincome effect

Kathleen Thelen, Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Politics, Annual Review of Political

Science, vol. 2 (June 1999), p. 375.
16
Ming Xia, The Dual Developmental State: Development Strategy and Institutional Arrangements
for Chinas China (Aldershot; Brookeld: Ashgate, 2000), pp.196-206.
15

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17

18

19

Dali L. Yang, Calamity and Reform in China: State, Rural Society and Institutional Change Since
the Great Leap Famine (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1996), pp. 134-135.
18
Thelen, Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Politics, p. 373.
19
John Gerring, Causation: A Unied Framework for the Social Science, Journal of Theoretical
Politics, vol. 17, no. 2 (April 2005), pp. 185-186.
17

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20

21

22

1980
23

24

20

2007
73A3
21

199714-19
22

Nordlinger
Eric
A. Nordlinger, On the Autonomy of the Democratic State (Cambridge: Harvard University Press,
1981), p. 9.
23
199430-91
24
Huang, Central-Local Relations in China during the Reform Era, pp. 665-668.

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25

26

1-1

1-1

25

26

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formal politics
informal politics

27

28

27

200673
2007191
28

194

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29

1980

30

19501960

31

1993

32

33

1990

1998

34

2006

35

36

Maria Edin

29

1959519
2
30
19832221
31
King W. Chow, The Management of Cadre Resources in Mainland China: The Problems of Job
Evaluation and Position Classication, 1949-1987, Issues & Studies, vol. 24, no. 8 (August 1988),
p. 18.
32
2002465
33
1993
931978-1996
1996372-373
34
1998526
1996-20002001
218
35

205
36
Maria Edin, Local State Structure and Developmental Incentives in China, in Richard Boyd and

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11

12

37

38

high-powered
incentives

39

initial
condition

Tak-Wing Ngo eds., Asian States: Beyond the Developmental Perspective (London; New York:
RoutledgeCurzon, 2005), pp. 122-123.
37
Maria Edin, State Capacity and Local Agent Control in China: CCP Cadre Management from a
Township Perspective, The China Quarterly, no. 173 (2003), pp. 38-40.
38
2006610
2007
177
39
Whiting, The Cadre Evaluation System at the Grass Roots, pp. 109-115.

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Andrew J. Nathan
clientelist tie
40

informal groups

41

Frederick C.
Teiwes
42

Andrew J. Nathan, A Factionalism Model for CCP Politics, The China Quarterly, no. 53 (January
March 1973), p. 37.
41
Tang Tsou, Prolegomenon to the Study of Informal Groups in CCP Politics, The China Quarterly,
no. 65 (January/ March 1976), pp. 98-114.
42
Frederick C. Teiwes, Provincial Party Personnel in Mainland China, 1956-1966 (New York:
Columbia University, 1967), p. 3.
40

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13

14

43

2002-20072007-2011-?

2002-2006

44

multiple causality

North
45

43

vs.
842007 1072-75
44
2008416A22
45
Douglass C. North, Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1991), p. 3.

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King
46

1980
47

48

Gary King, Robert O. Keohane and Sidney Verba, Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in
Qualitative Research (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994), p. 109.
47
1980818
2002320-343
48

200526-30
46

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15

16

49

election
50

selection

51

1-2

49

Joseph A. Schumpeter
post-Schumpeterian
Michael Saward, Democracy (Malden, Mass.: Distributed in the USA by Blackwell Publishing Inc.,
2003), pp. 38-43.
50

200316
51
2004196

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1-2

1970new public
administration
52

1980

53

H. George Frederickson, New Public Administration (University, Ala.: University of Alabama Press,
1980).
53
220084
98-104
52

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18

1.

2.

3.

54

1.

54

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2.

3.

trivial

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20

1-1

1-1

32
26-28

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, 2011.06

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574.1

100008544

1PZ7

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