S in li

I. Mc tiu ca bi hc 1. Kin thc. Bit c cc khi nim v cht in li, cht khng in li, s in li. Hiu nguyn nhn tnh dn in ca cc dung dch cht in li. Hiu phn t H2O l phn t phn cc, nc l mt dung mi phn cc. Hiu c ch ca qu trnh in li. 2. K nng. Rn luyn cho hc sinh k nng thc hnh th nghim: quan st, so snh. Rn luyn kh nng lp lun logic. Rn luyn cho hc sinh vit phng trnh in li ca axit, baz, mui. 3. Tnh cm thi . Rn luyn c tnh cn thn nghim tc trong nghin cu khoa hc. Tin tng vo phng php nghin cu khoa hc bng thc nghim.

II. Chun b dng dy hc.

1. Phn Microsoft M phng 2. Phiu hc tp. Cng c kin thc cui gi. III. Phng php dy hc ch yu Dy hc nu vn . Power mm. Point

S dng th nghim theo phng php nghin cu.

IV. Thit k cc hot ng dy hc.

Hot ng ca gio vin I. Hin tng in li 1. Th nghim. Hot ng 1: GV cho HS quan st th nghim,

hot ng ca hc sinh Nhn xt: Nc ct khng dn in. Dung dch NaCl, dung dch HCl,

nhn xt, in vo bng v rt ra kt dung dch NaOH dn in. lun. Dung dch ng khng dn in.

Kt in.

lun:

Dung dch mui, axit, baz dn Cc cht rn khan: NaCl, NaOH v mt s dung dch: ru, ng
2. Nguyn nhn tnh dn in ca cc dung dch axit, baz, mui trong Hot ng 2: GV dn dt: iu kin 1 dung dch, 1 vt dn c in? HS vn dng kin thc v dng in c hc mn Vt l tr li: - C phn t mang in tch chuyn ng t do. nc.

khng c kh nng dn in.

- Khi c dng in cc phn t mang in chuyn ng theo mt hng GV dn dt: Kim loi l cht dn nht nh. in, cc phn t mang in trong kim loi l cc electron. Dung dch in li dn c in. Vy trong dung dch in li c phn t mang in no? Nm 1887 Arniut ch ra rng: tnh dn in ca cc dung dch axit, baz, mui l do trong dung dch ca chng c cc tiu phn mang in tch gi l cc ion. Cc phn t axit, baz, mui khi tan trong nc phn li thnh cc ion. 3. nh ngha. Hot ng 3 - HS ln bng vit phng trnh in li ca H2SO4, NaOH, Ca(OH)2, NaCl, Fe(NO3)3 - HS rt ra nhn xt: axit baz mui H+ + ion m gc axit ion dng kim loi + OHion dng kim loi + H+ GV a ra nh ngha cht in li, s in li v phng trnh in li. Sau GV vit phng trnh in li ca HCl. GV lu cho HS: V phn t trung ho v in nn v s tr tng in tch ca cation phi bng tng in tch ca anion. Tn gi cation = cation + tn kim

- HS gi tn cc cation v anion

loi (+ in tch ca nguyn t). axit. II. C ch ca qu trnh in li 1. Cu to ca phn t H2O Hot ng 4: GV cho HS xem th nghim s phn

trong cc phng trnh in li va

Tn gi anion = anion + tn gc vit trn.

cc ca nc, dn dt HS gii thch HS gii thch hin tng quan st hin tng quan st c. ( GV cung c da vo bn cht lin kt v cp cho HS: phn t H2O l phn t cu to phn t nc: c gc) - Lin kt trong phn t H2O l lin kt cng ho tr c cc, cp electron dng chung gia H v O b lch v pha nguyn t O, do H mang 1 phn in tch dng v O mang 1 phn in tch m. - Phn t H2O khng phi l phn t GV kt lun : nc l phn t phn thng hng m l 1 phn t c gc. cc, dung mi nc l dung mi phn cc. 2. Qu trnh in li ca NaCl trong nc. Hot ng 5 GV gi cho HS nh li th nghim v tnh dn in ca cc dung dch v nu vn : Ti sao nc nguyn cht, NaCl khan khng dn in

nhng khi ho tan NaCl trong nc dung dch li dn c in. Chng t gia nc v tinh th NaCl c s tng tc vi nhau sinh ra cc ion. bit nc v tinh th NaCl tng HS xem phn m phng v nhn xt: tc vi nhau nh th no c v cc Khi cho cc tinh th NaCl vo nc, em hy xem phn m phng ho tan ion Na+ v Cl- trn b mt tinh th NaCl trong nc n gin ca NaCl. GV c th trnh by thm: trong dung dch cc ion Na+ v Cl- khng tn ti c lp m b cc phn t nc bao vy, hin tng gi l hin tng hirat ho. 3.Qu trnh in li ca HCl trong nc. Hot ng 6 GV nu vn : trn chng ta thy cc phn t c lin kt ion khi tan trong nc phn li thnh cc ion. Vy khi cc phn t c lin kt cng ho tr khi tan trong nc c phn li thnh ion khng? Nu c th phn li nh th no? Hy xt qu trnh phn li ca HCl trong nc. GV gi cho HS nh li c im ht v chng cc phn t H2O: cation ca phn t H2O. GV vit phng trnh in li ng v ht u m v anion ht u dng

cu to ca phn t HCl. HS nh li c im cu to phn t HCl: Lin kt gia cc nguyn t trong phn t l lin kt cng ho tr c cc. V+ phn t phn cc HCl vy c th biu din bng hnh v: GV cho HS quan st hnh v v gi cho HS gii thch qu trnh in li HS gii thch: khi tan trong nc, cc ca HCl trong nc. phn t HCl ht v pha chng nhng cc ngc du ca cc phn t nc, kt qu l phn t HCl b III. Bi tp cng c in li thnh cc ion H+ v Cl-.