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Ti liu luyn thi H-C

Chuyn : CHIN THUT SUY LUN NHANH DA VO

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V d 1:(D b H -09) a mt hn hp kh N2 v H2 c t l 1: 3 vo thp tng hp, sau phn ng thy th tch kh i ra gim 1/10 so vi ban u. Tnh thnh phn phn trm v th tch ca hn hp kh sau phn ng. A. 20%, 60%, 20% B. 22.22%, 66.67%, 11.11% C. 30%, 60%, 10% D. 33.33%, 50%, 16.67% Hng dn gii: *Phng php thng thng N2 + 3H2 2NH3 Ban u: 1 3 Phn ng: a 3a 2a Cn bng: 1-a 3-3a 2a Th tch kh gim : 2a Theo : 2a/4=1/10 a=0.2 %N2 = *Phn tch + Trong phn ng c hiu sut nh hn 100%, nu t l cc cht tham gia phn ng bng ng h s cn bng phng trnh th sau phn ng phn cht d cng c t l ng bng h s cn bng trong phn ng. C th trng hp ny l 1:3. Do A v B c kh nng l p n ng + Trong phn ng tng hp amoniac, th tch kh gim sau phn ng ng bng th tch kh NH3 sinh ra, do , trong trng hp ny, %NH3 = 10% hn hp u hay l 1/9 = 11.11% hn hp sau.Do B l p n ng. V d 2: t chy hon ton mt axit X thu c 0,6mol CO2 v 0,5 mol H2O.Cng thc cu to ca X: A. (COOH)2 B. HOOC-(CH2 )2 -COOH C. HOOC-CH2-COOH D. HOOC-(CH2)3 -COOH Phn tch: Da vo p n ta thy tt cc cc axit l no hai chc cng thc TQ l: C2H2n-2O4 c 2lk pi ging ankin(ankadien) nn nCO2 nH2O = 0,6 0,5 = 0,1 = naxit pu ; nCO2 0,5 = = 5 =>p n D S nguyn t Cac bon = C = naxit 0,1 V d 3:(H-07) Khi t chy hon ton 4,4 gam cht hu c X n chc thu c sn phm chy ch gm 4,48 lit CO2 (ktc) v 3,6 gam nc. Nu cho 4,4 gam hp cht X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 4,8 gam mui ca axit hu c Y v cht hu c Z. Tn gi ca X l. a. isopropyl axetat b. etyl axetat c. metyl propionat d. etyl propionat Phn tch: Nhn thy khi lng mui > khi lng este => gc ru trong este nh hn Na :23 nn gc ancol l CH3 - (15) < 23 => p n C ng V d 4: Mt este hu c n chc c thnh phn khi lng mC:mO = 9:8. Cho este trn tc dng vi mt lng dd NaOH va thu c mt mui c khi lng bng 41/37 khi lng este. CTCT este l A. HCOOCH=CH2. B. HCOOCCH. C. HCOOC2H5. D. CH3COOCH3 Phn tch: Khng cn gii nhn thy khi lng mui > khi lng este => gc ru trong este nh hn Na : 23 nn gc ancol l CH3 - (15) < 23 => p n D ng V d 5: (C - 07) t chy hon ton mt ru (ancol) X thu c CO2 v H2O c t l s mol tng ng l 3 : 4. Th tch kh oxi cn dng t chy X bng 1,5 ln th tch kh CO2 thu c ( cng iu kin). Cng thc phn t ca X l: A. C3H8O2. B. C3H8O3. C. C3H4O. D. C3H8O. nO2 = 1 => ancol no,n chc, mch h (CnH2n+2O ) => p n D. Suy lun nh ,5 Phn tch: Nhn thy T = nCO2 vy rt nhanh khng cn tnh ton, dnh thi gian gii quyt cc bi ton khc. V d 6:(H-09) Ho tan hon ton 2,9 gam hn hp gm kim loi M v oxit ca n vo nc, thu c 500 ml dung dch cha mt cht tan c nng 0,04M v 0,224 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Kim loi M l A. Na. B. Ca. C. Ba. D. K. Phn tch: Da vo p n ta thy KL l ha tr II hoc ha tr I ,ta ln lt xt hai trng hp: Nu l KL ha tr II: MO + H2O => M(OH)2 M + H2O => M(OH)2 + H2 ; 0,01 0,01 mol 0,01 0,01 0,01mol 2,9 = 0.01(M+16) + M*0,01 =>M =137 =>Ba Bin son GV : Nguyn Cao Chung -1www.VNMATH.com
1 0 .2 *100% = 22.22% 4 0 .2 * 2

chn B

Trng THPT K Thut L Thy www.vnmath.com Ti liu luyn thi H-C V d 7 : (H-10) Hn hp M gm axit cacboxylic X, ancol Y (u n chc, s mol X gp hai ln s mol Y) va este Z c tao ra t X va Y. Cho mt lng M tac dung va u vi dung dich cha 0,2 mol NaOH, tao ra 16,4 gam mui va 8,05 gam ancol. Cng thc cua X va Y la A. HCOOH va CH3OH B. CH3COOH va CH3OH C. HCOOH va C3H7OH D. CH3COOH va C2H5OH Phn tch: : Gi s mol: RCOOH a ; ROH a ; RCOOR b Theo gi thit: nRCOONa = a + b = 0,2 mol. MRCOONa = 82 R = 15. (CH3). X l CH3COOH Loi p n: A v C. (a + b) < nROH = a + b < a + b 0,1 < nROH < 0,2 40,25 < Mancol < 80,5. Loi p n B => p n D

BI TP RN LUYN
Cu 1a: 0,1 mol axit A tc dng va vi 0,2 mol NaHCO3. t chy 0,1 mol A th khi lng H2O vt qu 3,6 gam. CTCT thu gn ca axit l: A. CH3CH2COOH B. HOOC C C COOH C. HOOC CH = CH COOH D. HOOC CH2 CH2 COOH Cu 1b: (D b H - 09) t chy 1.6 gam mt este E n chc c 3.52 gam CO2 v 1.152 gam H2O. Nu cho 10 gam E tc dng vi 150ml dung dch NaOH 1M , c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 16 gam cht rn khan . Vy cng thc ca axit to nn este trn c th l : A. CH2=CH-COOH B. CH2=C(CH3)-COOH C. HOOC(CH2)3CH2OH D. HOOC-CH2-CH(OH)-CH3 Cu 2a: Cht hu c A cha cc nhm chc c nguyn t H linh ng. A b oxi ho bi CuO un nng to anehit. Ly 13,5 gam A phn ng va vi NaOH c 16,8 gam mui khan. CTCT ca A l: A. HO CH2 CH2 COOH B. CH3 CH(OH) COOH C. CH2(OH) CH(OH) COOH D. HO CH2 CH(COOH)2 Cu 2b:(C -10) Cho 16,4 gam hn hp X gm 2 axit cacboxylic l ng ng k tip nhau phn ng hon ton vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M v KOH 1M, thu c dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y, thu c 31,1 gam hn hp cht rn khan. Cng thc ca 2 axit trong X l A. C3H6O2 v C4H8O2. B. C2H4O2 v C3H6O2. C. C2H4O2 v C3H4O2. D. C3H4O2 v C4H6O2 Cu 3: Thu phn 0,2 mol este X cn 0,6 mol NaOH thu c 0,4 mol CHO 2Na; 0,2 mol C2H3O2Na v 18,4g ancol Y. CTPT ca X l: A. C6H12O6 B. C7H10O6 C. C8H10O6 D. C8H14O6 Cu 4 : t chy hon ton 10,3 g mt cht hu c X c dX/H2 = 51,5 bng oxi ,thu c 8,1 gam H2O v 10,08 lt (kc) hn hp N2 v CO2. ung nng X vi kim c etanol to thnh .Cu to ca X l: A. H2N-CH2-COOC2H5 B. H2N-C6H5-COOC2H5 C. HCOONH3CH2CH3 D. C2H5OOCOC2H5 Cu 5(H 07): Cho 4,48 lt hn hp X ( ktc) gm 2 hirocacbon mch h li t t qua bnh cha 1,4 lt dung dch Br2 0,5M. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, s mol Br2 gim i mt na v khi lng bnh tng thm 6,7 gam. Cng thc phn t ca 2 hirocacbon l A. C2H2 v C4H8. B. C3H4 v C4H8. C. C2H2 v C3H8. D. C2H2 v C4H6. Cu 6(H A-10): Hn hp khi X gm imetylamin va hai hirocacbon ng ng lin tip. t chay hoan toan 100 ml hn hp X bng mt lng oxi va u, thu c 550 ml hn hp Y gm khi va hi nc. Nu cho Y i qua dung dich axit sunfuric c (d) thi con lai 250 ml khi (cac th tich khi va hi o cung iu kin). Cng thc phn t cua hai hirocacbon la A. C2H6 va C3H8 B. C3H6 va C4H8 C. CH4 va C2H6 D. C2H4 va C3H6 Cu 7:(H - 07) Thu phn hon ton 444 gam mt lipit thu c 46 gam glixerol (glixerin) v hai loi axit bo. Hai loi axit bo l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16) A. C15H31COOH v C17H35COOH. B. C17H33COOH v C15H31COOH. C. C17H31COOH v C17H33COOH. D. C17H33COOH v C17H35COOH. Cu 8: (H -10) Hn hp M gm anhit X (no, n chc, mach h) va hircacbon Y, co tng s mol la 0,2 (s mol cua X nho hn cua Y). t chay hoan toan M, thu c 8,96 lit khi CO2 (ktc) va 7,2g H2O. Hircacbon Y la A. CH4 B. C2H2 C. C3H6 D. C2H4 Cu 9: Cng thc n gin nht ca mt axit hu c X l (CHO) n. C 1 mol X tc dng ht vi NaHCO 3 thu c 2 mol CO2. X c ng phn hnh hc. Cng thc cu to ca X l: A. axit lactic B. axit fumaric C. axit oleic D. axit aipic Cu 10:(H-10) Cho 7,1 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim X v mt kim loi kim th Y tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch HCl long, thu c ,56 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi X, Y l A. natri v magie. B. liti v beri. C. kali v canxi. D. kali v bari. Bin son GV : Nguyn Cao Chung -2www.VNMATH.com

Trng THPT K Thut L Thy www.vnmath.com Ti liu luyn thi H-C Cu 11: Hai cht X v Y c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2. Cht X phn ng c vi kim loi Na v thamgia phn ng trng bc. Cht Y phn ng c vi kim loi Na v ho tan c CaCO 3. Cng thc ca X, Y ln lt l: A. HOCH2CHO, CH3COOH. B. HCOOCH3, CH3COOH. C. CH3COOH, HOCH2CHO. D. HCOOCH3, HOCH2CHO. X = 36,4 .t chy hon ton 9,1g X thu Cu 12: Hn hp X gm 2 ancol no c cng s nguyn t C , d H2 c 0,375 mol CO2 .Mt khc 9,1g X phn ng va vi 225 ml dd HCl 1M. Hai ancol no sau y l khng phi ca hh X: A. C3H7OH v C3H6(OH)2 B. C3H7OH v C3H5(OH)3 C. C3H6(OH)2 v C3H5(OH)3 D. C2H4(OH)2 v C3H6(OH)2 Cu 13 : t chy hon ton a mol axit hu c Y c 2a mol CO2. Mt khc, trung ha a mol Y cn va 2a mol NaOH. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca Y l C. CH3-COOH. D. HOOCA. HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH. B. C2H5-COOH. COOH. Cu 14: Khi t 0,1 mol mt cht X (dn xut ca benzen), khi lng CO2 thu c nh hn 35,2 gam. Bit rng, 1 mol X ch tc dng c vi 1 mol NaOH. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. C2H5C6H4OH. B. HOCH2C6H4COOH. C. HOC6H4CH2OH. D. C6H4(OH)2. Cu 15: a) Hp cht hu c X tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH un nng v vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3. Th tch ca 3,7 gam hi cht X bng th tch ca 1,6 gam kh O2 (cng iu kin v nhit v p sut). Khi t chy hon ton 1 gam X th th tch kh CO2 thu c vt qu 0,7 lt ( ktc). Cng thc d. O=CH-CH2-CH2OH. cu to ca X l a. HCOOC2H5. b. HOOC-CHO. c. CH3COOCH3. Cu 16 Cht X cha C, H, O c khi lng phn t bng 74. X tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v dung dch AgNO3 / NH3. Khi t chy 7,4g X thy th tch CO2 thu c vt qu 4,7 lt ( iu kin tiu chun). Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X: A. CH3COOCH3 B. HCOOCH3 C. HCOOC2H5 D. HCOOH Cu 17:(H-09) un nng hn hp hai ancol n chc, mch h vi H2SO4 c, thu c hn hp gm cc ete. Ly 7,2 gam mt trong cc ete em t chy hon ton, thu c 8,96 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) v 7,2 gam H2O. Hai ancol l A. C2H5OH v CH2=CH-CH2-OH. B. C2H5OH v CH3OH. C. CH3OH v C3H7OH. D. CH3OH v CH2=CH-CH2-OH. Cu 18: t chy hon ton 4,02 g hn hp mt ankanol v mt ankanal c cng s nguyn t cc bon thu c 7,92 g CO2. Hai cht trong X l: A. CH3OH v HCHO B. C2H5OH v CH3CHO C. C3H7OH v C2H5CHO D. C2H5OH v C2H5CHO Cu 19 : Hn hp X gm 2 andehit no c s mol bng nhau.Cho 2,04 g X ha hi th thu c 986 ml 136,50C v 1,5 atm. Cng thc ca adehit l: A. HCHO v (CHO)2 B. CH3CHO v (CHO)2 C. HCHO v CH3CHO D. HCHO v C2H3CHO Cu 20: X l hp cht cha C,H,O .Bit X c phn ng trng bc v phn ng vi NaOH.t chy hon ton a mol X thu c 3a mol gm CO2 v H2O. X l: A. HCOOH B. HCOOCH3 C. HOC-COOH D. HOC-CH2- COOH Cu 21: Cng thc n gin nht ca mt axit hu c X l (CHO)n. Khi t chy 1 mol X ta thu c di 6 mol CO2. X c ng phn hnh hc. Cng thc cu to ca X l: A. HOOC-CH=CH-COOH B. CH2=CH(COOH)2 C. CH3CH=CH-COOH D. CH2=CH-COOH Cu 22: Hn hp X gm hai axit hu c no (mi axit cha khng qu 2 nhm -COOH) c khi lng 16g tng ng vi 0,175 mol. t chy hon ton hn hp X ri cho sn phm chy qua nc vi trong d thu c 47,5 g kt ta. Mt khc, nu cho hn hp X tc dng va vi dung dch Na2CO3 thu c 22,6 g mui. Cng thc cu to ca cc axit trong hn hp X l: A. HCOOH v (COOH)2 B. CH3COOH v (COOH)2 C. C2H5COOH v HOOC-CH2-COOH D. CH3COOH v HOOC-CH2-COOH Cu 23 : Hn hp X gm 1 axit hu c no n chc mch h v 1 axit hu c no a chc mch h hn km nhau 1 nguyn t C trong phn t. Ly 14,64 gam X cho bay hi hon ton thu c 4,48 lt hi ktc. Mt khc t chy hon ton 14,64 gam hn hp X ri cho sn phm chy hp th hon ton vo bnh ng dung Bin son GV : Nguyn Cao Chung -3www.VNMATH.com

Trng THPT K Thut L Thy www.vnmath.com Ti liu luyn thi H-C dch Ca(OH)2 d th thu c 46 gam kt ta.Vy CTCT ca hai axit l: A. CH3COOH v HOOC -CH2 -COOH B. HCOOH v HOOC -COOH C. C2H5COOH v HOOC -C2H4- COOH D. C2H5COOH v HOOC -COOH Cu 25: Cng thc n gin nht ca X l (C3H3O)n. Cho 5,5 gam X tc dng ht vi dd NaOH thu c 7,7 gam mui Y c s nguyn t C bng ca X. Khi lng mol phn t ca Y hn ca X l 44 gam. CTPT ng ca X l: A. C6H5COOH B. C6H6(OH)2 C. C9H9(OH)3 D. C6H4(OH)2 Cu 26: Ly 12,2 gam hp cht A (ng ng ca phenol) phn ng vi dd Br2 thu c 35,9 gam hp cht B cha 3 nguyn t Br2. CTPT ca A l: A. C6H5OH B. C7H7OH C. C8H9OH D. C9H11OH Cu 27: ancol A tc dng vi Na d c th tch H 2 bng th tch hi ancol A dng. Mt khc t chy ht 1 th tch ancol A thu c cha n 3 th tch CO2 (cc th tch o cng iu kin). Vy A l: A. ancol etylic B. etilen glycol C. propaniol D. ancol metylic Cu 28a: Cho 0,1 mol anehit X mch thng (Mx < 100) tc dng va vi 0,3 mol H 2 (Ni,t0) thu c hp cht hu c Y. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi Na d to thnh 0,1 mol H2. CTCT ca X l: A. OHC CH2CHO B. OHC CH2 CH2 CHO C. OHC CH = CHCHO D. OHC C C CHO Cu 28 b: Mt th tch hi anehit mch h X cng hp ti a c hai th tch hidro(cc kh o cng iu kin).Sn phm sinh ra tc dng vi Na d sinh ra th tch bng th tch hi anhit X dng ban u (cc kh o cng k).X l: A. CH3 CHO B. OHC CH2 CH2 CHO C. OHC CH = CHCHO D. OHC C C CHO Cu 29: Mt cht hu c X (CxHyOz) c t khi so vi metan l 4,25. Bit 0,2 mol X tc dng va vi 0,3 mol Ag2O/NH3 (0,6 mol AgNHO3/NH3) thu c 43,2 gam Ag. CTCT ca X l: A. HC C CH2 CHO B. H3C C C CHO C. H2C = C = CH- CHOD. HCOO CH2 C CH Cu 30: trung ho 0,58 gam mt axit cacboxlic X cn dng 100 ml dd KOH 0,1M. Bit MX < 150. CTCT thu gn ca axit X l: A. C2H5COOH B. C2H2(COOH)2 C. CH2(COOH)2 D. CH3COOH Cu 31: un 1 triglixerit X vi dung dch KOH n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 0,92g glixeron v m g hn hp Y gm mui ca axit oleic v 3,18g mui ca axit linoleic. CTCT ca X l: A. C17H33COOC3H5(OOCC17H31)2 B. (C17H33COO)2C3H5OOCC17H31 C. C17H35COOC3H5(OOCC15H31)2 D. (C17H33COO)2C3H5OOCC15H31 Cu 32: un 0,1 mol X vi lng va dung dch NaOH, thu c 14,8g mui ca axit hu c Y v 0,2 mol ancol n chc c khi lng 9,2 gam. X c CTCT l: A. (COOCH3)2 B. CH2(COOC2H5)2 C. (COOC2H5)2 D. CH2(COOCH3)2 Cu 33: Este n chc X c d x/o2 = 2,75. Khi un nng X vi dung dch NaOH to ra mui c khi lng ln hn lng este phn ng. CTCT thu gn ca este ny l: A. C2H5COOCH3 B. CH3COOC2H5 C. HCOOC3H7 D. CH3COOCH3 Cu 34: (K) l hp cht hu c c CTPT l: C5H11NO2. un (K) vi dd NaOH thu c hp cht c CTPT l C2H4O2NNa v hp cht hu c (L). Cho hi (L) qua CuO/t o thu c mt cht hu c (M) c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc. CTCT ca (K) l A. CH2=CH-COONH3-C2H5. B. NH2-CH2-COO-CH2-CH2-CH3. C. NH2-CH2-COO-CH(CH3)2. D. H2N-CH2-CH2-COO-C2H5. Cu 35: Trung ho 1 mol -amino axit X cn 1 mol HCl to ra mui Y c hm lng clo l 28,286% v khi lng. CTCT ca X l A. H2N-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH. B. H2N-CH2-COOH. C. CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH. D. H2N-CH2-CH2-COOH. Cu 36: Cho 8,9 g mt hp cht hu c X c CTPT C 3H7O2N phn ng vi 100 ml dd NaOH 1,5M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dd thu c 11,7 g cht rn. CTCT thu gn ca X l A. H2NCH2CH2COOH. B. H2NCH2COOCH3. C. CH2=CHCOONH4. D. HCOOH3NCH=CH2. Cu 37:(H-07) t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c X thu c 3,36 lt kh CO 2, 0,56 lt kh N2 (cc kh o ktc) v 3,15 g H2O. Khi X tc dng vi dd NaOH thu c sn phm c mui H2N-CH2COONa. CTCT thu gn ca X l

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Trng THPT K Thut L Thy www.vnmath.com Ti liu luyn thi H-C A. H2N-CH2-COO-C3H7. B. H2N-CH2-COO-C2H5. C. H2N-CH2-CH2-COOH. D. H2N-CH2-COO-CH3 Cu 38: Mt hp cht hu c A c cng thc C3H9O2N. Cho A phn ng vi dd NaOH, un nh, thu c mui B v kh C lm xanh qu m. Nung B vi NaOH rn thu c mt hidrocacbon n gin nht. Xc nh CTCT ca A. A. CH3COONH3CH3. B. CH3CH2COONH4. C. HCOONH3CH2CH3. D. HCOONH2(CH3)2. Cu 39: Cho 1 mol amino axit X phn ng vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c m1 gam mui Y. Cng 1 mol amino axit X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c m2 gam mui Z. Bit m2 - m1 = 7,5. Cng thc A. C5H9O4N. B. C4H10O2N2. C. C5H11O2N. D. C4H8O4N2. phn t ca X l Cu 40: Hai hp cht hu c X v Y l ng ng k tip, u tc dng vi Na v c phn ng trng bc. Bit phn trm khi lng oxi trong X, Y ln lt l 53,33% v 43,24%. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y tng ng l B. HOCH2CH2CHO v HOCH2CH2CH2CHO. A. HOCH2CHO v HOCH2CH2CHO. C. HOCH(CH3)CHO v HOOCCH2CHO. D. HCOOCH3 v HCOOCH2CH3 Cu 41: Hai hp cht hu c X v Y l ng ng k tip, u khng tc dng vi Na v c phn ng trng bc. Bit phn trm khi lng oxi trong X, Y ln lt l 53,33% v 43,24%. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y tng ng l B. HOCH2CH2CHO v HOCH2CH2CH2CHO. A. HOCH2CHO v HOCH2CH2CHO. C. HOCH(CH3)CHO v HOOCCH2CHO. D. HCOOCH3 v HCOOCH2CH3 Cu 42: Cho hn hp X gm hai hp cht hu c no, n chc tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch KOH 0,4M, thu c mt mui v 336 ml hi mt ancol ( ktc). Nu t chy hon ton lng hn hp X trn, sau hp th ht sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d) th khi lng bnh tng 6,82 gam. Cng thc ca hai hp cht hu c trong X l a. HCOOH v HCOOC2H5. b. HCOOH v HCOOC3H7. c. C2H5COOH v C2H5COOCH3. d. CH3COOH v CH3COOC2H5. Cu 43: Cho hn hp M gm 2 cht hu c no, n chc cha cc nguyn t C, H, O tc dng va vi 20ml dung dch NaOH 2M thu c 1 mui v mt ru. un nng lng ru thu c trn vi H 2SO4 c 1700C to ra 369,6ml olefin kh 27,30C v 1atm. Nu t chy hon ton lng hn hp M trn ri cho sn phm qua bnh ng CaO d th khi lng bnh tng 7,75 gam. Hy chn cu tr li ng? a. HCOOH v HCOOC2H5. b. HCOOH v HCOOC3H7. c. C2H5COOH v C2H5COOCH3. d. CH3COOH v CH3COOC3H7. Phn tch: i vi 2 cu 42,43 trc y nu gii theo kiu t lun ,v phn ng to ra 1 mui v mt ancol th cc em phi xt 3 trng hp 1 este v 1 ancol c gc hidrocacbon ging gc ancol trong este ROH v R''COOR 1ancol v 1 axit ROH v R''COOH 1este v 1 axit c gc hidrocacbon ging gc axit trong este. RCOOH v RCOOR' Nhng da vo p n cc em thy ngay l hh X bao gm : 1este v 1 axit c gc hidrocacbon ( R- ) ging gc axit trong este. RCOOH v RCOOR' Cu 44a:(C -07) Hp cht X c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht, va tc dng c vi axit va tc dng c vi kim trong iu kin thch hp. Trong phn t X, thnh phn phn trm khi lng ca cc nguyn t C, H, N ln lt bng 40,449%; 7,865% v 15,73%; cn li l oxi. Khi cho 4,45 gam X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH (un nng) thu c 4,85 gam mui khan. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. CH2=CHCOONH4. B. H2NCOO-CH2CH3. C. H2NCH2COO-CH3. D. H2NC2H4COOH. Cu 44b: Hp cht X c thnh phn phn trm khi lng ca cc nguyn t C, H ln lt bng 40% ; 6,66% cn li l oxi. Khi cho 0,9 gam X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH (un nng) thu c 9,8 gam mui khan. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. HOCOOCH2CH3. B. CH3COOCH2OH C. HO-CH2COO-CH3. D. HO-CH2COOC2H3. Cu 45: t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c X thu c 3,36 lt kh CO2, 0,56 lt kh N2 (cc kh o ktc) v 3,15 gam H2O. Khi X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c sn phm c mui H2N-CH2-COONa. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. H2N-CH2-COO-C3H7. B. H2N-CH2-COO-C2H5. C. H2N-CH2-COO-CH3. D. H2N-CH2-CH2-COOH.

Bin son GV : Nguyn Cao Chung

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Trng THPT K Thut L Thy www.vnmath.com Ti liu luyn thi H-C Cu 46: (H A07) Khi tch nc t mt cht X c cng thc phn t C4H10O to thnh ba anken l ng phn ca nhau (tnh c ng phn hnh hc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. (CH3)3COH. B. CH3OCH2CH2CH3. C. CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3. D. CH3CH(CH3)CH2OH. Cu 47: (C B 07) Cho cc cht c cng thc cu to nh sau: HOCH2-CH2OH (X); HOCH2-CH2-CH2OH (Y); HOCH2-CHOH-CH2OH (Z); CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3 (R); CH3-CHOH-CH2OH (T). Nhng cht tc dng c vi Cu(OH)2 to thnh dung dch mu xanh lam l A. X, Y, Z, T. B. X, Z, T. C. X, Y, R, T. D. Z, R, T. Cu 48: (C 08) Cho s chuyn ha sau (mi mi tn l mt phng trnh phn ng): Tinh bt X Y Z metyl axetat. Cc cht Y, Z trong s trn ln lt l: A. CH3COOH, CH3OH. B. C2H4, CH3COOH. C. C2H5OH, CH3COOH. D. CH3COOH, C2H5OH. Cu 49: (C 08) Oxi ho ancol n chc X bng CuO (un nng), sinh ra mt sn phm hu c duy nht l xeton Y (t khi hi ca Y so vi kh hiro bng 29). Cng thc cu to ca X l .D. CH3-CO-CH3. A. CH3-CHOH-CH3. B. CH3-CH2-CH2-OH. C. CH3-CH2-CHOH-CH3 Cu 50: (H A 09) Cho hn hp X gm hai ancol a chc, mch h, thuc cng dy ng ng. t chy hon ton hn hp X, thu c CO2 v H2O c t l mol tng ng l 3 : 4. Hai ancol l A. C3H5(OH)3 v C4H7(OH)3. B. C2H5OH v C4H9OH. C. C2H4(OH)2 v C4H8(OH)2. D. C2H4(OH)2 v C3H6(OH)2. Cu 51: (H A 09) t chy hon ton 0,2 mol mt ancol X no, mch h cn va 17,92 lt kh O2 ( ktc). Mt khc, nu cho 0,1 mol X tc dng va vi m gam Cu(OH)2 th to thnh dung dch c mu xanh lam. Gi tr ca m v tn gi ca X tng ng l A. 9,8 v propan-1,2-iol. B. 4,9 v propan-1,2-iol. C. 4,9 v propan-1,3-iol. D. 4,9 v glixerol. Cu 52 (D b 09) : Ru X, anehit Y, axit cacboxylic Z c cng s nguyn t H trong phn t, thuc cc dy ng ng no n chc mch h. t hon ton hn hp 3 cht ny (c s mol bng nhau) thu c t l mol CO2:H2O=11:12 . Vy cng thc phn t ca X, Y, Z l: A. CH4O, C2H4O, C2H4O2 B. C2H6O, C3H6O, C3H6O2 C. C3H8O, C4H8O, C4H8O2 D. C4H10O, C5H10O, C5H10O2 Cu 53: Cho s chuyn ha: dung dich Br2 O2 , xt NaOH CH 3OH ,t 0 , xt CuO ,t 0 C3H6 X Y Z T E (Este a chc). Tn gi ca Y l A. propan-1,3-iol. B. propan-1,2-iol. C. propan-2-ol. D. glixerol. Cu 54: Tch nc hn hp gm ancol etylic v ancol Y ch to ra 2 anken. t chy cng s mol mi ancol th lng nc sinh ra t ancol ny bng 5/3 ln lng nc sinh ra t ancol kia. Ancol Y l A. CH3-CH2-CH(OH)-CH3. B. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH. C. CH3-CH2-CH2-OH. D. CH3-CH(OH)-CH3. Cu 55: Kh nng phn ng th nguyn t clo bng nhm -OH ca cc cht c xp theo chiu tng dn t tri sang phi l: A. anlyl clorua, phenyl clorua, propyl clorua. B. phenyl clorua, anlyl clorua, propyl clorua. C. anlyl clorua, propyl clorua, phenyl clorua. D. phenyl clorua, propyl clorua, anlyl clorua. Cu 56: Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng vi lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3, un nng thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Hiro ho X thu c Y, bit 0,1 mol Y phn ng va vi 4,6 gam Na. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l (cho Na = 23, Ag = 108) A. HCHO. B. OHC-CHO. C. CH3CHO. D. CH3CH(OH)CHO Cu 57: t chy hon ton a mol mt anehit X (mch h) to ra b mol CO2 v c mol H 2O (bit b = a + c). Trong phn ng trng gng, mt phn t X ch cho 2 electron. Anehit X l: A. CH2 = CHCHO B. OHC CH2 CH2 CHO C. OHC CH = CHCHO D. CH3 CH2-CH2 CHO Cu 58a:un nng V lt hi anehit X vi 3V lt kh H 2 (xc tc Ni) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton ch thu c mt hn hp kh Y c th tch 2V lt (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Ngng t Y thu c cht Z; cho Z tc dng vi Na sinh ra H2 c s mol bng s mol Z phn ng. Cht X l anehit l: Bin son GV : Nguyn Cao Chung -6www.VNMATH.com

Trng THPT K Thut L Thy www.vnmath.com Ti liu luyn thi H-C A. CH3 CH2 CHO B. OHC CH2 CH2 CHO C. OHC CH = CHCHO D. OHC C C CHO Cu 58b:un nng V lt hi anehit X vi 3V lt kh H2 (xc tc Ni) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton ch thu c mt hn hp kh Y c th tch 2V lt (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Ngng t Y thu c cht Z; cho Z tc dng vi Na sinh ra H 2 c s mol bng s mol Z phn ng. Cht X l anehit l: A. CH3 CH2 CHO B. OHC CH2 CH2 CHO C. CH2 = CHCHO D. OHC CH =CH CHO Cu 59: Cho s phn ng: NH3
+ CH3I + HONO + CuO

X to (t l mol 1:1) Y Z

Bit Z c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng. Hai cht Y v Z ln lt l: A. C2H5OH, CH3CHO. B. CH3OH, HCOOH. C. C2H5OH, HCHO. D. CH3OH, HCHO. Cu 60: Ba cht hu c mch h X, Y, Z c cng cng thc phn t C3H6O v c cc tnh cht: X, Z u phn ng vi nc brom; X, Y, Z u phn ng vi H2 nhng ch c Z khng b thay i nhm chc; cht Y ch tc dng vi brom khi c mt CH3COOH. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l: A. C2H5CHO, CH2=CH-O-CH3, (CH3)2CO. B. (CH3)2CO, C2H5CHO, CH2=CH-CH2OH. C. C2H5CHO, (CH3)2CO, CH2=CH-CH2OH. D. CH2=CH-CH2OH, C2H5CHO, (CH3)2CO. Cu 61: t chy hon ton 1 mol hp cht hu c X, thu c 4 mol CO2. Cht X tc dng c vi Na, tham gia phn ng trng bc v phn ng cng Br2 theo t l mol 1 : 1. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. HO-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-CHO. B. HOOC-CH=CH-COOH. C. HO-CH2-CH=CH-CHO. D. HO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHO. Ch phn ng RCHO + Br2 + H2O => RCOOH + 2HBr khng phi l phn ng cng Cu 62a: Cho 0,25 mol mt anehit mch h X phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, o thu c 54 gam Ag. Mt khc, khi cho X phn ng vi H2 d (xc tc Ni, t ) th 0,125 mol X phn ng ht vi 0,25 mol H2. Cht X c cng thc ng vi cng thc chung l A. CnH2n(CHO)2 (n 0). B. CnH2n+1CHO (n 0). C. CnH2n-1CHO (n 2). D. CnH2n-3CHO (n 2). Cu 62b: Cho 0,25 mol mt anehit mch h X phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, o thu c 54 gam Ag. Mt khc, khi cho X phn ng vi H2 d (xc tc Ni, t ) th 0,125 mol X phn ng ht vi 0,25 mol H2. Cht X c cng thc ng vi cng thc chung l A. CH3 CHO B. OHC CH2 CH2 CHO C. OHC CH = CHCHO D. CH3 - CH = CH CHO Cu 63a: Cho hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, mch khng phn nhnh. t chy hon ton 0,3 mol hn hp X, thu c 11,2 lt kh CO2 ( ktc). Nu trung ha 0,3 mol X th cn dng 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Hai axit l: A. HCOOH, HOOC-COOH. B. HCOOH, HOOC-CH2-COOH. C. HCOOH, C2H5COOH. D. HCOOH, CH3COOH. Cu 63b: Cho hn hp X gm hai andehit no, mch khng phn nhnh. t chy hon ton 0,3 mol hn hp X, thu c 11,2 lt kh CO2 ( ktc). Nu oxi ha hon tn 0,3 mol X ,sau ly sn phm sinh ra trung ha th cn dng 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Hai andehit l: A. HCHO, OHC-CHO. B. HCHO, OHC-CH2-CHO. C. HCHO, C2H5CHO. D. HCHO, CH3CHO. Ch : Nu - C = COOH = x th kt lun nhanh 2 axit l : HCOOH, HOOC-COOH. - hay C = CHO = x th kt lun nhanh 2 andehit l : HCHO, OHC-CHO. Cu 63c: Axit hu c X no sau y tho mn iu kin: Bin son GV : Nguyn Cao Chung -7www.VNMATH.com

Trng THPT K Thut L Thy www.vnmath.com Ti liu luyn thi H-C 0 m (gam) X + NaHCO3 to V lt kh CO2 (P atm, t C) m (gam) X + O2 chy hon ton to V lt kh CO2 (P atm, t0C) A. HCOOH B. (COOH)2 C. CH3COOH D. p n A v B Cu 63d: Cho hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, mch khng phn nhnh. Ly 0,1 mol hn hp X tc dng va vi 150 ml dd Na2SO3 0,5 M .t chy hon ton 0,2 mol X cn 2,24 lit O2 (kc) . Hai axit l: A. HCOOH, HOOC-COOH. B. HCOOH, HOOC-CH2-COOH. C. HCOOH, C2H5COOH. D. HCOOH, CH3COOH. Cu 64: Cho s chuyn ho sau: X + H2SO4 long Z + T C3H4O2 + NaOH X + Y ; Bit Y v Z u c phn ng trng gng. Hai cht Y, Z tng ng l: C. HCHO, HCOOH. D. CH3CHO, HCOOH A. HCOONa, CH3CHO. B. HCHO, CH3CHO. Cu 65: Hai cht hu c X1 v X2 u c khi lng phn t bng 60 vC. X1 c kh nng phn ng vi: Na, NaOH, Na2CO3. X2 phn ng vi NaOH (un nng) nhng khng phn ng Na. Cng thc cu to ca X1, X2 ln lt l: A. CH3-COOH, CH3-COO-CH3. B. (CH3)2CH-OH, H-COO-CH3. C. H-COO-CH3, CH3-COOH. D. CH3-COOH, H-COO-CH3. Cu 66: Hai cht hu c X1 v X2 u c khi lng phn t bng 60 vC. X1 c mch phn nhnh,c kh nng phn ng vi Na nhng khng phn ng NaOH .X2 phn ng trng bc.Cng thc cu to ca X1, X2 ln lt l: A. (CH3)2CH-COOH, CH3-COO-CH3. B. (CH3)2CH-OH, H-COO-CH3. C. CH3-CH2-CH2-OH, H-COO-CH3.. D. (CH3)2CH-OH, CH3-COOH. Cu 67: Khi cho a mol mt hp cht hu c X (cha C, H, O) phn ng hon ton vi Na hoc vi NaHCO3 th u sinh ra a mol kh. Cht X l A. etylen glicol. B. axit aipic. C. ancol o-hiroxibenzylic. D. axit 3-hiroxipropanoic Cu 68: Khi cho a mol mt hp cht hu c X (cha C, H, O) phn ng hon ton vi Na hoc vi NaHCO3 th u sinh ra a mol kh. Cht X l A. etylen glicol. B. axit aipic. C. ancol o-hiroxibenzylic. D. axit lactic Cu 69: Khi cho a mol mt hp cht hu c X (cha C, H, O) phn ng hon ton vi Na sinh ra a mol kh. Mt khc a mol X phn ng va vi a NaOH . Cht X l A. etylen glicol. B. axit malonic. C. ancol o-hiroxibenzylic. D. axit phtalic Cu 70: Khi cho a mol mt hp cht hu c X (cha C, H, O) phn ng hon ton vi Na hoc vi NaHCO3 th u sinh ra 2a mol kh. Cht X l A. etylen glicol. B. axit phtalic. C. ancol o-hiroxibenzylic. D. axit 3-hiroxipropanoic Cu 71: Khi cho a mol mt hp cht hu c X (cha C, H, O) phn ng hon ton vi Na hoc vi CaCO3 th u sinh ra a mol kh. Cht X l A. etylen glicol. B. axit aipic. C. ancol o-hiroxibenzylic. D. axit o- salixilic Cu 72a: Hn hp X gm axit Y n chc v axit Z hai chc (Y, Z c cng s nguyn t cacbon). Chia X thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn mt tc dng ht vi Na, sinh ra 4,48 lt kh H2 ( ktc). t chy hon ton phn hai, sinh ra 26,4 gam CO2. Cng thc cu to thu gn v phn trm v khi lng ca Z trong hn hp X ln lt l A. HOOC-CH2-COOH v 70,87%. B. HOOC-CH2-COOH v 54,88%. C. HOOC-COOH v 60,00%. D. HOOC-COOH v 42,86%. Cu 72b: Hn hp X gm adehit Y n chc v adehit Z hai chc (Y, Z c cng s nguyn t cacbon). Chia X thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn mt oxiha hon ton sau ly sn phm thu c tc dng ht vi Na, sinh ra 4,48 lt kh H2 ( ktc). t chy hon ton phn hai, sinh ra 26,4 gam CO2. Cng thc cu to thu gn v phn trm v khi lng ca Z trong hn hp X ln lt l A. OHC-CH2-CHO v 70,87%. B. OHC-CH2-CHO v 54,88%. C. OHC-CHO v 60,00%. D. OHC-CHO v 39,7%.

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Trng THPT K Thut L Thy www.vnmath.com Ti liu luyn thi H-C Cu 73: Hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t C3H6O2. C X v Y u tc dng vi Na; X tc dng c vi NaHCO3 cn Y c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y ln lt l A. C2H5COOH v HCOOC2H5. B. HCOOC2H5 v HOCH2COCH3. C. HCOOC2H5 v HOCH2CH2CHO. D. C2H5COOH v CH3CH(OH)CHO. Cu 74: Mt este c cng thc phn t l C4H6O2, khi thy phn trong mi trng axit thu c anehit axetic (axetan ehit). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca este l. a. CH2=CH-COO-CH3 b. HCOOCH=CH-CH3 c. CH3COOCH=CH2 d. HCOO-C(CH3)2=CH2 Cu 75: Cho cht X tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sau c cn dung dch thu c cht rn Y v cht hu c Z. Cho Z tc dng vi AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3 thu c cht hu c T, Cho T tc dng vi dung dch NaOH li thu c cht Y. Cht X c th l. a. CH3COOCH=CH2 b. HCOOCH=CH2 c. H COOCH3 d. CH3COOCH=CH-CH3 Cu 76: Thy phn este c cng thc phn t C4H8O2 (vi xc tc axit), thu c 2 sn phm hu c X v Y. T X c th iu ch trc tip ra Y. Vy cht X l A. ru metylic. B. etyl axetat. C. ru etylic. D. axit fomic. Cu 77: Cho hn hp X gm 2 cht hu c c cng cng thc phn t C3H10N2O2 tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH v un nng thu c dung dch Y v 4,48 lt hn hp Z ( ktc) gm hai kh (u lm xanh giy qu m). T khi hi ca Z i vi H2 bng 13,75 .C cn dung dch Y thu c khi lng mui khan l: A. 16,5 gam B. 14,3 gam C. 8,9 gam D. 15,7 gam Gi : 2 cht l: NH2CH2CH2COONH4 v NH2CH2COONH3CH3 Cu 78: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t l C4H6O4 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (un nng) theo phng trnh phn ng: C4H6O4 + 2NaOH 2Z + Y. oxi ho ht a mol Y cn va 2a mol CuO nung nng. Sau phn ng to thnh a mol cht T (bit Y, Z, T l cc hp cht hu c). Khi lng ca T l. a. 58 b. 82 c. 44 d. 118 Cu 79: Hp cht hu c no, a chc X c cng thc phn t l C7H12O4. Cho 0,1 mol X tc dng va vi 100 gam dung dch NaOH 8% thu c cht hu c Y v 17,8 gam hn hp mui. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l. a. CH3COO-(CH2)2-OOCC2H5 b. CH3OOC-(CH2)2-COOC2H5 c. CH3OOC-CH2-COO-C3H7 d. CH3COO-(CH2)2-COOC2H5 Cu 80: Mt hn hp X gm hai cht hu c n chc. Cho X phn ng va vi 500 ml dung dch KOH 1M. Sau phn ng thu c hn hp Y gm hai mui ca hai axit cacboxylic v mt ru (ancol). Cho ton b lng ru thu c trn tc dng vi Na (d), sinh ra 3,36 lit H2 (ktc). Hn hp X gm. a. mt este v mt ru b. mt axit v mt este c. mt axit v mt ru d. hai este. Cu 81: X phng ho mt hp cht c cng thc phn t C10H14O6 trong dung dch NaOH (d), thu c glixerol v hn hp gm ba mui (khng c ng phn hnh hc). Cng thc ca ba mui l: a. CH3-COONa, HCOONa v CH3-CH=CH-COONa. b. CH2=CH-COONa, CH3-CH2-COONa v HCOONa. c. HCOONa, CH C-COONa v CH3-CH2-COONa. d. CH2=CH-COONa, HCOONa v CH C-COONa. Cu 82: X phng ho hon ton 1,99 gam hn hp hai este bng dung dch NaOH thu c 2,05 gam mui ca mt axit cacboxylic v 0,94 gam hn hp hai ancol l ng ng k tip nhau. Cng thc ca hai este l a. HCOOCH3 v HCOOC2H5. b.CH3COOC2H5 v CH3COOC3H7. c. C2H5COOCH3 v C2H5COOC2H5. d. CH3COOCH3 v CH3COOC2H5. Cu 83: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C5H8O2. Cho 5 gam X tc dng va ht vi dung dch NaOH, thu c mt hp cht hu c khng lm mt mu nc brom v 3,4 gam mt mui. Cng thc ca X l a. CH3COOC(CH3)=CH2. b. HCOOCH=CHCH2CH3. c. HCOOCH2CH=CHCH3. d. HCOOC(CH3)=CHCH3. Cu 84: Thy phn hon ton 0,1 mol este thun chc cn dng va 100g dd NaOH 12% ,thu c 20,4 gam mui ca mt axit hu c v 9,2 g mt ancol.Cng thc ca este l: A. (CH3COO)3C3H5 B. (HCOO)3C3H5 C. (C2H5COO)3C3H5 D. (HCOO)2C2H4 Cu 85: Cho 21,8 gam cht hu c A ch cha mt loi nhm chc tc dng vi 1 lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M thu c 24,6 gam mui v 0,1 mol ru B. Lng NaOH d c th trung ha ht 0,5 lt dung dch HCl 0,4M. Cho bit cng thc cu to thu gn ca A? Bin son GV : Nguyn Cao Chung -9www.VNMATH.com

Trng THPT K Thut L Thy www.vnmath.com Ti liu luyn thi H-C A. (CH3COO)3C3H5 B. (HCOO)3C3H5 C. (C2H5COO)3C3H5 D.(C2H3COO)3C3H5 Cu 86: Cho X l hp cht thm; a mol X phn ng va ht vi 2a lt dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc, nu cho a mol X phn ng vi Na (d) th sau phn ng thu c a/2 mol kh H2 .Cng thc cu to thu gn a. HO-CH2-C6H4-OH. b. CH3-C6H3(OH)2. ca X l c. HO-C6H4-COOH. d. HO-C6H4-COOCH3. Cu 87: Cho X l hp cht thm; a mol X phn ng va ht vi 2a lt dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc, nu cho a mol X phn ng vi Na (d) th sau phn ng thu c a/2 mol kh H2 .Cng thc cu to thu gn a. HO-CH2-C6H4-OH. b. CH3-C6H3(OH)2. ca X l c. HO-C6H4-COOH. d. HO-C6H4-COOCH3. Cu 88: Cho X l hp cht thm; a mol X phn ng va ht vi 2a lt dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc, nu cho a mol X phn ng vi NaHCO3 (d) th sau phn ng thu c 22,4a lt kh ( ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l a. HO-CH2-C6H4-OH. b. CH3-C6H3(OH)2. c. HO-C6H4-COOH. d. HO-C6H4-COOCH3 Cu 89: Cho cc hp cht hu c: (1) ankan; (2) ancol no, n chc, mch h (3) xicloankan; (4) ete no, n chc, mch h; (5) anken; (6) ancol khng no (c mt lin kt i C=C), mch h; (7) ankin; (8) anehit v este no, n chc, mch h; (9) axit no, n chc, mch h; (10) axit khng no (c mt lin kt i C=C), n chc. Dy gm cc cht khi t chy hon ton u cho s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O l: A. (1), (3), (5), (6), (8). B. (3), (4), (6), (7), (10). C. (3), (5), (6), (8), (9). D. (2), (3), (5), (7), (9). Cu 90: Cht X c cng thc phn t C3H7O2N v lm mt mu dung dch brom. Tn gi ca X l A. metyl aminoaxetat. B. axit -aminopropionic. C. axit -aminopropionic. D. amoni acrylat. Cu 91: Cho 1,82 gam hp cht hu c n chc, mch h X c cng thc phn t C3H9O2N tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, un nng thu c kh Y v dung dch Z. C cn Z thu c 1,64 gam mui khan. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. HCOONH3CH2CH3. B. CH3COONH3CH3. C. CH3CH2COONH4. D. HCOONH2(CH3)2. Cu 92: Thuy phn hoan toan 0,2 mol mt este E cn dung va u 100 gam dung dich NaOH 24%, thu c mt ancol va 43,6 gam hn hp mui cua hai axit cacboxylic. Hai axit o la A. HCOOH va CH3COOH B. CH3COOH va C2H5COOH C. C2H5COOH va C3H7COOH D. HCOOH va C2H5COOH Cu 93 : Hp cht hu c mch h X c cng thc phn t C6H10O4. Thy phn X to ra hai ancol n chc c s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t gp i nhau. Cng thc ca X l A. CH3OCO-CH2-COOC2H5. B. C2H5OCO-COOCH3. C. CH3OCO-COOC3H7. D. CH3OCO-CH2-CH2-COOC2H5. Cu 94: Thuy phn este Z trong mi trng axit thu c hai cht hu c X va Y (MX < MY). Bng mt phan ng co th chuyn hoa X thanh Y. Cht Z khng th la A. metyl propionat B. metyl axetat C. etyl axetat D. vinyl axetat Cu 95: Thu phn cht hu c X trong dung dch NaOH (d), un nng, thu c sn phm gm 2 mui v ancol etylic. Cht X l A. CH3COOCH2CH2Cl. B. CH3COOCH2CH3. C. ClCH2COOC2H5. D. CH3COOCH(Cl)CH3. Cu 96: Hp cht hu c C4H7O2Cl khi thy phn trong mi trng kim c cc sn phm trong c hai cht c kh nng trng gng. Cng thc cu to ng l: A. HCOO-CH2-CHCl-CH3 B. CH3COO-CH2Cl C. C2H5COO-CH2-CH3 D. HCOOCHCl-CH2-CH3 Cu 97: C 2 hp cht hu c (X), (Y) cha cc nguyn t C, H, O, khi lng phn t u bng 74. Bit (X) tc dng c vi Na, c (X), (Y) u tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v dung dch AgNO3 tan trong NH3. Vy X, Y c th l: A. C4H9OH v HCOOC2H5 B. CH3COOCH3 v HOC2H4CHO C. OHC-COOH v C2H5COOH D. OHC-COOH v HCOOC2H5 Cu 98:Hai este A, B l dn xut ca benzen c cng thc phn t l C 9H8O2; A v B u cng hp vi brom theo t l mol l 1 : 1. A tc dng vi xt cho mt mui v mt anehit. B tc ng vi xt d cho 2 mui v Bin son GV : Nguyn Cao Chung - 10 www.VNMATH.com

Trng THPT K Thut L Thy www.vnmath.com Ti liu luyn thi H-C nc, cc mui c khi lng phn t ln hn khi lng phn t ca natri axetat. Cng thc cu to ca A v B c th l: A. HOOC-C6H4-CH=CH2 v CH2=CH-COOC6H5 B. C6H5COOCH=CH2 v C6H5-CH=CH-COOH C. HCOOC6H4CH=CH2 v HCOOCH=CH-C6H5 D. C6H5COOCH=CH2 v CH2=CH-COOC6H5 Cu 99: t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp 2 este, cho sn phm phn ng chy qua bnh ng P 2O5 d, khi lng bnh tng thm 6,21 gam, sau cho qua tip dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d, thu c 34,5 gam kt ta. Cc este trn thuc loi g? (n chc hay a chc, no hay khng no). A. Este thuc loi no B. Este thuc loi khng no C. Este thuc loi no, n chc D. Este thuc loi khng no a chc . Cu 100: Cho hn hp M gm 2 hp cht hu c mch thng X, Y (ch cha C, H, O) tc dng va vi 8 gam NaOH thu c mt ru n chc v hai mui ca hai axit hu c n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Lng ru thu c cho tc dng vi Na d to ra 2,24 lt kh (ktc). X, Y thuc loi hp cht g? A. axit B. 1 axit v 1 este C. 2 este D. 1 ru v 1 axit . Cu 101: X c cng thc phn t C4H6O2, mch h. X c th l: A. axit hay este cha no c 1 lin kt mch cacbon. B. anehit 2 chc no. C. ru 2 chc c 2 lin kt . D. Tt c u ng. Cu 102 : Ba hp cht thm X, Y, Z u c cng thc phn t C7H8O. X tc dng vi Na v NaOH; Y tc dng vi Na, khng tc dng NaOH; Z khng tc dng vi Na v NaOH Cng thc cu to ca X, Y, Z ln lt l: A. C6H4(CH3)OH, C6H5OCH3, C6H5CH2OH B. C6H4(CH3)OH, C6H5CH2OH, C6H5OCH3 C. C6H5OCH3, C6H5CH2OH, C6H4(CH3)OH D. C6H5CH2OH, C6H5OCH3, C6H4(CH3)OH Cu 103: Hai cht hu c X, Y (cha C, H, O) l ng phn nhau; u n chc, cng thc phn t cha 34,78% O v khi lng. Nhit si ca A l 78,3oC; ca B l -23,6oC. Cng thc cu to ca X, Y ln lt l: A. CH3CH2OH v CH3OCH3 B. CH3CH2COOH v CH3COOCH3 C. CH3CH2COOH v HCOOCH2CH3 D. CH3CH2CHO v CH3COCH3 Cu 104: un nng hn hp hai ru mch h vi H2SO4 c c hn hp cc ete. Ly X l mt trong cc ete em t chy hon ton th ta c t l: nX : nO2 : nCO2 : nH2O = 0,25 : 1,375 : 1 : 1 . Tm cng thc cu to thu gn ca hai ru. A. C2H5OH v CH3OH B. C3H7OH v CH2=CH-CH2-OH C. C2H5OH v CH2=CH-OH D. CH3OH v CH2=CH-CH2-OH Cu 105: Mt hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C4H6O2 v ch c mt loi nhm chc. T X v cc cht v c cn thit, bng 3 phn ng lin tip c th iu ch c cao su Buna. Cng thc cu to ca X l: A. HOC-CH2-CH2-CHO B. HO-CH2-C C-CH2-OH C. CH3-CO-CO-CH3 D. C A, B, C u ng Cu 106: Xt cc loi hp cht hu c mch h sau: Ru n chc, no (X); Anehit n chc, no (Y); Ru n chc, khng no 1 ni i (Z); Anehit n chc, khng no 1 ni i (T). ng vi cng thc tng qut CnH2nO ch c 2 cht sau: A. X v Y B. Y v Z C. Z v T D. X v T Cu 107: Hp cht hu c X khi un nh vi dung dch AgNO 3 / NH3 (dng d) thu c sn phm Y; Y tc dng vi dung dch HCl hoc dung dch NaOH u cho 2 kh v c. X l: A. HCHO B. HCOOH C. HCOONH4 D. C A, B, C u ng Cu 108: Cc hp cht hu c mch h ch cha cc nguyn t cacbon, hiro v oxi l X, Y, Z, T u c khi lng phn t bng 60 vC. Cht X khng tc dng c vi Na v dung dch NaOH, khng tham gia phn ng trng gng. Cc cht Y, Z, T tc dng c vi Na gii phng H 2. Khi oxi ho Y (c xc tc) s to thnh sn phm c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng. Cht Z tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH. Cht T c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng. Cng thc cu to ca X, Y, Z, T ln lt l: A. CH3OC2H5, CH3CH2CH2OH, CH3COOH, HOCH2CHO B. CH3OC2H5, CH3CH(CH3)OH, CH3COOH, HOCH2CHO C. CH3CH2CH2OH, CH3OC2H5, HOCH2CHO, CH3COOH D. HOCH2CHO, CH3CH2CH2OH, CH3COOH, CH3OC2H5 Cu 109: Hai cht hu c X v Y c cng cng thc C4H6O2. X c cu to phn nhnh, phn ng c vi Na2CO3 to kh. Y phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, khng tc dng c vi Na. Sn phm thy phn Y cho phn ng trng gng. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y l: A. HOC-CH2-CH2-CHO v CH3COOCH=CH2 B. CH3CH=CH-COOH v HCOOCH2CH=CH2 C. CH2=CH-CH2-COOH v HCOOCH2CH=CH2 D. CH2=C(CH3)-COOH v CH3COOCH=CH2 Bin son GV : Nguyn Cao Chung - 11 www.VNMATH.com

Trng THPT K Thut L Thy www.vnmath.com Ti liu luyn thi H-C Cu 110: X l mt dn xut ca benzen c cng thc phn t l C7H9NO2. Khi cho 1 mol X tc dng va vi NaOH, em c cn thu c mt mui khan c khi lng 144g. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X. A. CH3COOC6H4NH2 B. HOOCC6H4NH2 C. HCOOC6H4NO2 D. C6H5COONH4 Cu 111a: Hp cht hu c X (phn t c vng benzen) c cng thc phn t l C7H8O2, tc dng c vi Na v vi NaOH. Bit rng khi cho X tc dng vi Na d, s mol H2 thu c bng s mol X tham gia phn ng v X ch tc dng c vi NaOH theo t l s mol 1:1. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. C6H5CH(OH)2. B. HOC6H4CH2OH. C. CH3C6H3(OH)2. D. CH3OC6H4OH. Cu 111b: Hp cht hu c X (phn t c vng benzen) c cng thc phn t l C7H8O2 .Cho X tc dng vi Na v vi NaOH th s mol H2 thu c bng s mol X tham gia phn ng v bng s mol NaOH p.C bao nhiu cng thc cu to ca X tha mn bi: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 112a: Hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t C3H6O2. C X v Y u tc dng vi Na; X tc dng c vi NaHCO3 cn Y c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y ln lt l A. C2H5COOH v HCOOC2H5. B. HCOOC2H5 v HOCH2COCH3. C. HCOOC2H5 v HOCH2CH2CHO. D. C2H5COOH v CH3CH(OH)CHO. Cu 112b: Hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t C 3H6O2. Bit X tc dng vi dd NaOH nhng khng tc dng c vi NaHCO3 ,cn Y khng c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y ln lt l A. C2H5COOH v HCOOC2H5. B. HCOOC2H5 v HOCH2COCH3. C. HCOOC2H5 v HOCH2CH2CHO. D. C2H5COOH v CH3CH(OH)CHO. Cu 113: Mt este c cng thc phn t l C4H6O2, khi thu phn trong mi trng axit thu c axetanehit. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca este l A. CH2=CH-COO-CH3. B. HCOO-CH=CH-CH3. C. CH3COO-CH=CH2. D. HCOO-C(CH3)=CH2 Cu 114: Hp cht hu c X tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v dung dch brom nhng khng tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO3. Tn gi ca X l A. anilin. B. phenol. C. axit acrylic. D. metyl axetat. Cu 115: Cho 0,1 mol este A vo 50 gam dd NaOH 10% un nng n khi este phn ng hon ton (cc cht bay hi khng ng k). Dung dch thu c c khi lng 58,6 gam. C cn dung dch thu c 10,4 gam cht rn khan. CTCT ca A l: A. HCOOCH = CH2 B. CH2 = CHCOOCH3 C. HCOOCH2CH = CH2 D. C2H5COOCH3 Cu 116: Cho 13.8 gam axit A tc dng vi 16.8 gam KOH , c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 26.46 gam cht rn. cng thc cu to thu gn ca A l: A. C3H6COOH B. C2H5COOH C. CH3COOH D. HCOOH Cu 117: Cho hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t l C3H7NO2. Khi phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, X to ra H2NCH2COONa v cht hu c Z; cn Y to ra CH2=CHCOONa v kh T. Cc cht Z v T ln lt l A. CH3NH2 v NH3. B. C2H5OH v N2. C. CH3OH v CH3NH2. D. CH3OH v NH3. Cu 118: Cht X c cng thc phn t C4H9O2N Bit: X + NaOH Y + CH4O ; Y + HCl (d) Z + NaCl Cng thc cu to ca X v Z ln lt l A. H2NCH2CH2COOCH3 v CH3CH(NH3Cl)COOH. B. CH3CH(NH2)COOCH3 v CH3CH(NH2)COOH. B. CH3CH(NH2)COOCH3 v CH3CH(NH3Cl)COOH. C. H2NCH2COOC2H5 v ClH3NCH2COOH.

Ti liu c thy bin son da trn c s thi H-C cc nm.Nhm gip cc em c nhn nhn su sc v cc th thut, cc mo tnh ton ,quan h gia cu to v tnh cht ca cc cht qua rt ngn thi gian trong khi gii . Cc em nn nh rng ''Phng php l thy ca cc thy" . Chc cc em c mt ma thi gt hi nhng thnh cng !

Bin son GV : Nguyn Cao Chung

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