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Cim pdf1129
Cim pdf1129
trtnelmi
zszlk
Kiadja / Editat de / Edited by: Hargita Megye Tancsa / Consiliul Judeean Harghita / Harghita County Council, Cskszereda, 2010.
Szerkeszt / Redactor / Redaction: Mihly Jnos, Tros Eszter Kpek / Foto / Photo: dm Gyula Graka s nyomtats / Concepia grac i tipar / Design and print: Gutenberg Grakai Mhely s Nyomda, Cskszereda, www.gutenberg-art.ro
Hargita Megye Tancsa Hargita Megye Tancsnak Memlkvdelmi Kzszolglata Szkely Cmer-, Pecst- s Zszltrtneti Munkacsoport
Ksznetet mondunk a Hargita Megyei Hagyomnyrzsi Forrskzpontnak a szkely trtnelmi zszlk felkutatsban nyjtott segtsgrt, valamint Cskszereda Polgrmesteri Hivatalnak, a Hargita Nemzeti Szkely Npi Egyttesnek, az Ezer Szkely Leny Alaptvnynak s a cskszentkirlyi Vadrzsa Nptnccsoportnak a zszlk nneplyes bemutatsban vllalt szerepkrt.
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Legjabb tettk pedig a jelen kiadvnyban felsorakoztatott szkely trtneti zszlsor. Tizenht gynyr lobog, amelyet valamennyien a magunknak rezhetnk, amelyet nnepeinket felvonhatunk, amelyek al felsorakozhatunk. Mint mr emltettem, az gyzelem, aki a zszl. Ennek fnyben kijelenthetem: gyztnk. Elssorban nem msokat gyztnk le, hanem magunkat, a mltunk irnti kzmbssget, legyztk a mese, a legenda s a vals mlt ismerete kztti klnbsget. Mindkett fontos, csak klnbsget kell tenni a mese s a valsg kztt. De gyztnk azok fltt is, akik mltunkat, kultrnkat letagadnk, jelentsgt cskkentenk, tudvn, hogy ezzel jvnket is megpecstelnk. Ez a zszlsor jabb gyzelmnk jelkpe. Els zszl gyzelmnk a szkely zszlnak megyezszlknt val elfogadsa volt. Trtnelmi szimblumaink minket jelkpeznek. Ezeket a zszlkat is magunknak reznk, lttukra megdobban a szvnk, s ha lobogni ltjuk ket, bszkesg tlti el keblnket. Kosztolnyi Dezs versnek felidzsvel kezdtem, azzal, hogy a bot s a vszon csak akkor vlik lobogv, ha rzelem is trsul hozz: Lelkem, te is, te is / ne bot s vszon / lgy zszl. Fogadjuk meg a klt intelmt, ne hagyjuk kihunyni bellnk a llek lobogst. Borboly Csaba Hargita Megye Tancsnak elnke
Bevezet
A szkely trtnelmi zszlsor fellltsnak tlete 2009 tavaszn pattant ki, miutn elodzhatatlann vlt a szkely szimblumok tisztzsa, trtnetk vizsglata, a felmerl krdsek tudomnyos kutatsa s az eredmnyek kzzttele. E cl rdekben Hargita Megye Tancsnak tmogatsval ltrejtt a Szkely Cmer-, Pecst- s Zszltrtneti Munkacsoport, amelyben olyan szakemberek vllaltak munkt, akik tbb ve vagy vtizede szakmai megalapozottsggal kutatjk a szkely jelkpeket, s arra trekednek, hogy azok eredett s trtnett tisztzzk. A munkacsoport tagjai dr. Pl-Antal Sndor akadmikus, Zepeczaner Jen muzeolgus, trtnsz, Szekeres Attila Istvn heraldikus, a cmertudomny doktorandusza, s e sorok rja. Munkjuk eredmnyeirl 2009 szn Sepsiszentgyrgyn szakmai konferencin szmoltak be, az ott bemutatott eladsok mr nyomtatsban is megjelentek a Szkely szimblumok nyomban cm tanulmnyktetben. A munkacsoport ltal sszegyjttt cmerekbl s pecstekbl 2010. mrciusprilisban Cmer s pecst a Szkelyfldn cmmel vndorkillts nylt a cskszeredai megyehza galrijban, valamint Sepsiszentgyrgyn a Szkely Nemzeti Mzeum Lovagtermben. A szakemberek nemcsak a szkelysg kpviseleti, helyhatsgi s egyhzi szervezeteinek cmert s cmeres pecstjeit igyekeznek felkutatni, hanem rgi zszlait is. Elssorban olyan zszlkat, amelyek klnbz korokban a szkelysgnek, avagy intzmnyeinek hadi vagy polgri zszli lehettek vagy voltak, s mint ilyenek, a szkely szimblumokat tbbnyire magukon viseltk. A szkely zszlkollekci fellltshoz a mintt a magyarorszgi Hadtrtneti Intzetben rztt magyar trtnelmi zszlsor jelentette. Az a trtnelmi zszlsor, amely mr negyedszzada rszese a magyar katonai s llami nnepsgeknek, ahol felvonultatsuk mindig felemel ltvny. A szkely trtnelmi zszlsor, amelyet a XVXX. szzadban hasznlt zszlk rekonstrukcii alkotjk, jelenleg 17 zszlbl ll, spedig: 1. A szkely ispn zszlaja a XV. szzadbl; 2. Marosvsrhelynek a Mtys kirly korabeli zszlaja; 3. A szkely nemzet zszlaja a XVI. szzad elejrl; 4. Szkelyudvarhely zszlaja a XVII. szzad elejrl; 5. Szkely Mzes lovassgi korntja; 6. Szkely gyalogsgi zszl 1601-bl; 7. Szkely lovassgi zszl a XVII. szzad elejrl; 8. Gyalogsgi zszl szkely jelkpekkel XVII. szzad elejrl; 9. Cskszk zszlaja a XVII. szzad elejrl; 10. Udvarhelyszk zszlaja 1601-bl; 11. Sepsiszentgyrgy zszlja 1848-bl; 12. 1848-as vrosfalvi
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nemzetrzszl; 13. 1848-as oklndi toborzzszl; 14. A Kossuth szabadcsapat szkely cmeres zszlaja; 15. Udvarhely vrmegye zszlja 1907-bl; 16. A Szkely Hadosztly zszlaja 1919-bl; 17. Gyergyszentmikls zszlaja 1941-bl. A kzeljvben, a folyamatos kutatsok sorn elkerl jabb adatok fnyben, a zszlsort tovbb szeretnnk bvteni, mindaddig, mg az a szkelysg trtnelmi mltjt lehetleg teljessgben reprezentlni fogja. Mihly Jnos trtnsz, a Szkely Cmer-, Pecst- s Zszltrtneti Munkacsoport koordintora
Introducere
Ideea realizrii coleciei de steaguri istorice secuieti a luat natere n primvara anului 2009, cnd a devenit stringent claricarea originii simbolurilor secuieti i de a rspunde n mod tiinic ntrebrilor ridicate pe aceast tem. Pentru acest scop, cu sprijinul Consiliului Judeean Harghita, s-a constituit Comisia pentru Cercetarea Simbolurilor Secuieti, n care au fost cooptai specialiti, oameni de tiin, ca istoricul, sigilograful Pl-Antal Sndor, doctor n istorie, membru extern al Academiei Ungare, istoricul, muzeologul Zepeczaner Jen, heraldistul Szekeres Attila Istvn, doctorand n heraldic, precum i autorul acestor rnduri, care de ani de zile, sau chiar de mai multe decenii cerceteaz domeniul heraldicii, sigilograei i vexilologiei secuieti. Comisia desfoar o activitate intens pentru corelarea cercetrilor i popularizarea rezultatelor obinute n aceast privin. Astfel, n toamna anului 2009, n cadrul unei conferine tiinice tematice susinute la Sfntu Gheorghe, s-au prezentat rezultatele cercetrilor ntreprinse. A aprut un volum de studii, cuprinznd comunicrile inute n cadrul conferinei amintite, intitulat Pe urmele simbolurilor secuieti. n perioada martie-aprilie 2010, s-a deschis o expoziie itinerant, intitulat Steme i sigilii n inutul Secuiesc, prezentat n galeria Consiliului Judeean Harghita, apoi n Sala Cavalerilor a Muzeului Naional Secuiesc din Sf. Gheorghe. Oamenii de tiin cerceteaz nu numai stemele i sigiliile instituiilor reprezentative administrative locale, eclesiastice secuieti, dar i steagurile strvechi ale comunitii. n primul rnd acele
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steaguri, care n diferite perioade istorice au fost simbolurile militare sau civile ale secuimii, ale instituiilor comunitii. Ca model pentru realizarea acestei colecii a stat Colecia de Steaguri Istorice a Muzeului de Istorie Militar a Ungariei. Aceast colecie, care timp de douzeciicinci de ani este parte a ceremoniilor militare i naionale, care poate admirat de ctre marele public. Colecia de Steaguri Istorice Secuieti, n care sunt cuprinse steaguri folosite ntre secolele XV.- XX., se compune din aptesprezece steaguri, dup cum urmeaz: 1. steagul comitelui secuilor din secolul XV; 2. steagul oraului Trgu Mure din timpul domniei lui Matia Corvinul; 3. steagul naiunii secuieti de la nceputul sec. XVI; 4. steagul oraului Odorheiu Secuiesc de la nceputul sec. XVII; 5. corneta de cavalerie a lui Moise Szkely; 6. steag de infanterie din 1601; steag de cavalerie de la nceputul sec. XVII ;7. steag de infanterie cu simboluri secuieti de la nceputul sec. XVII; 8. steagul Scaunului Ciuc de la nceputul sec. XVII; 9. steagul Scaunului Odorhei din 1601; 10. steagul oraului Sfntu Gheorghe din 1848; 11. steagul grzilor naionale a satului Oreni din 1848; 12. steagul de recrutare a satului Ocland din 1848; 13. steagul purtnd stema secuiasc a grzilor de voluntari Kossuth; 14. steagul comitatului Odorhei din 1907; 15. steagul Diviziei Secuieti din 1919; 16. steagul oraului Gheorgheni din 1941. n viitorul apropiat, n urma muncii de cercetare a colectivului, se dorete completarea coleciei pn la momentul n care va reprezenta n mod del i complet istoria secuimii. Mihly Jnos Istoric, coordonatorul Comisiei pentru Cercetrea Simbolurilor Secuieti
Introduction
The idea of establishing a Szekler historical ag collection came in 2009, after formulating the need for clarifying various aspects concerning the origins of the Szekler symbols trough a scientic approach. For this reason, with the support of Harghita County Council, a Szekler Heraldic, Seal and Flags History Workgroup was established, in which various scientists became involved such as Dr. Pl-Antal Sndor, academist, Zepeczaner Jen museologist and historian, Szekeres Attila Istvn, heraldist and Ph.d. student in heraldry and also the author of this writing. These members
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are reserching for a long time such questions based on a strong scientic basis and trying to clarify the origins of these symbols. Regarding the results of their work, based on a report of a scientic conference held in autumn 2009 in Sfntu Gherghe, an anthology of their lectures was published under the title of In search of Szekler symbols. Between March and April 2010 there was a mobile exhibition on the same subject, entitled Coat of arms and Seals in Szeklerland. The exhibition was housed by the gallery of Harghita County Concil in Miercurea Ciuc and by the Knights Hall of the Szekler National Museum in Sfntu Gheorghe. The scientists try to uncover not only the seals and coat of arms belonging to various ecclesiastics, representatives and local authorities of the Szeklers, but also their ancient ags, which in the past could have been - or actually were - the civil and military ensigns of the Szeklers. The idea of the Szekler Historical Flag Collection was inspired by the Hungarian Military Museums Historical Flag Collection. This special collection is part of every military and state celebration of Hungary for over 25 years and it is an inspiring asset of every parade. The Szekler Historical Flag Collection includes dierent ags from the 15th century until the 20th century, reconstructions and copies of the originals as follows: 1. the ag of the Szekler ispan from the 15th century; 2. the ag of Marosvsrhely from the 15th century; 3. the ag of the Szekler Nation from the beginning of the 16th century; 4. the ag of Szkelyudvarhely from the beginning of the 17th century; 5. the cavalry ag of Szkely Mzes; 6. Szekler infantry ag from 1601; 7. Szekler cavalry ag from the beginning of the 17 th century; 8. infantry ag with Szekler symbols from the beginning of the 17th century; 9. the ag of Csk district from the beginning of the 17th century; 10. the ag of Udvarhely district from 1601; 11. the ag of Sepsiszentgyrgy from 1848; 12. the ag of the civil guards of Vrosfalva from 1848; 13. the recruiting ag of Oklnd from 1848; 14. the ag of the Kossuth Free Company with the szekler coat of arms; 15. the ag of Udvarhely county from 1907; 16. the battle ag of the Szekler Division from 1919; 17. the ag of Gyergyszentmikls from 1941. As the research goes forward we hope to expand the collection to a point where it will represent the whole Szekler history in the near future. Mihly Jnos Historian, Workgroup for Szekler Heraldic, Seal and Flags History
Zszlkatalgus
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1907. jnius 14., Budapest: Szkely kldttsg az Orszghza flpcsjn. Zszltart: Br Ferenc mrfalvi br. (A kpet Kovcs Piroska bocstotta a rendelkezsnkre)