METAL BELLOWS EXPANSION JOINT BASICS

4 0 4 2 PAT T O N WAY BAKERSFIELD, CA 93308-5030 PHONE 661.587.2020 FAX 661.587.2022 EMAIL SALES@LORTZ.COM WWW.LORTZ.COM

HISTORY
Charles W. Lortz, Sr. founded the company as Lortz & Son in 1947. The Business Philosophy was simple, be the best that we could be in the metal fabrication business and provide excellent service to our customers. The long-term loyalty of our customers today attests to the soundness of the founding philosophy

LORTZ TODAY
We have never lost sight of the founding philosophy, and today, providing excellence in service to our customers remains a business priority. We have continued to add machinery and expand our facilities to improve our overall capabilities. The emphasis on customer service and capability improvement, coupled with the knowledge, experience and enthusiasm of our employees, has enabled Lortz to maintain a reputation as the preferred metal fabricator for an ever increasing number of customers. Our most important assets are our customers and our employees. All Lortz employees are very aware of the importance of providing customers with the highest quality products and service. Our outstanding reputation with customers attests to the dedicated effort and superior results of all of our employees. We look forward to the next opportunity to serve you.

125,000 square feet of manufacturing area; 14,000 square feet of ofces on 23 acres

Lortz specializes in On-site Problem solving! Metal and Fabric Expansion Joints Experienced Engineers Experienced Welders Experienced Management

24 / 7 /365 Emergency Engineering and Product Support Serving Industry Since 1947

LORTZ PRODUCTS

Pressure Vessels Metal & Fabric Expansion Joints Pipe Spool Fabrication Process Skids Ducting Custom Metal Fabrication

PRESSURE VESSELS

METAL EXPANSION JOINTS

FABRIC EXPANSION JOINTS

PIPE SPOOL FABRICATION

PROCESS SKIDS

DUCTING

CUSTOM METAL FABRICATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS
What is a Metal Bellows........................................................... 8 How Metal Bellows Work......................................................... 9 Pressure Thrust......................................................................... 10 Metal Bellows Pressure Retaining Capability.................. 11 Bellows Pressure Stresses.................................................. 12 Metal Bellows Spring Rate / Force................................ 13 Metal Bellows Cycle Life........................................................ 14 F L E X X C H E C K Bellows Analysis..................................... 15 Bellows Design Variables .......................................................16 Bellows Design Variables....................................................... 17 Common Bellows Materials ..................................................18 What is a Metal Bellows Expansion Joint ?..................... 19 Metal Expansion Joint Components................................. 20 Component Terminology......................................................... 21 Types of Expansion Joints.............................................22... 23 Main Anchors............................................................................... 24 Typical Pipe Guide, Guide Supports.................................. 25 Intermediate Anchors, Pipe Guides and Supports........... 26 Pipe Guide Spacing ......................................................................27 Piping and Ducting System Design Considerations.......... 28 Typical Expansion Joint Applications..............................29... 33 Metal Rectangular Expansion Joints.......................................34 Fabric Expansion Joints................................................................35 Installation Instructions.......................................................36...39 Thermal Expansion................................................................40... 42 Steam Pressure.............................................................................. 43 Dimensions of Welded and seamless pipe............................44 Conversions Table...........................................................................45

WHAT IS A METAL BELLOWS ?

Metal bellows are produced starting with a welded tube (seamless tube use is very rare), and mechanically or hydraulically forming convolutions in the number and shape to meet piping or ducting system application requirements Metal bellows, as a detail part, are rarely provided to customers due to the thin material thickness which requires specialized welding processes to attach the bellows to pipe or flanges.

U - Shaped

S - Shaped

Toroidal

HOW METAL BELLOWS WORK

Movements Metal bellows are designed to absorb thermal and / or mechanical piping or ducting system movements while retaining system operating pressure at the system temperature. Bellows can absorb the following movements.

Compression & Extension

Axial

Lateral

Angular

Whereas metal bellows can be designed to resist torsional loads, metal bellows cannot tolerate torsional movement. Metal bellows must be designed to avoid system resonant vibration frequency (if vibration exists) in order to prevent immediate mechanical bellows failure. Failure to specify one or the o th e r, o r b o th , c an resul t in immediate bellows failure.

Torsion

PRESSURE THRUST
Understanding metal bellows pressure thrust is extremely important. Metal bellows cannot restrain longitudinal pressure loads without integral retraining hardware such as tie rods, hinges, gimbals or external pipe anchors. Longitudinal pressure load on a bellows results in pressure thrust. Pressure thrust force is created by the system and / or test pressure acting on the area of the mean diameter of the bellows. A pressurized, unrestrained metal bellows expansion joint in a piping system without anchors, will elongate (extend) due to pressure thrust which can result in immediate bellows squirm and failure. Pressure thrust forces are typically higher than all other system forces combined.
With rigid pipe installed between two flanges - pressure thrust is restrained by the strength of the pipe

With a thin wall convoluted bellows welded to two flanges, the bellows reaction to pressure thrust results in the bellows growing in length until the bellows squirms and / or the convolutions stretch out to become the tube from which they were formed.

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METAL BELLOWS PRESSURE RETAINING CAPABILITY

Metal bellows are designed to retrain loads imposed by internal and / or external system pressure and / or test pressure. Bellows convolution geometry, numbers of convolutions, material type and material thickness all affect bellows pressure retaining capability.

Squirm

Over pressurization and / or improper guiding of an metal bellows expansion joint can cause the bellows to squirm. Squirm can lead to immediate failure of the bellows.

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BELLOWS PRESSURE STRESSES

Pressure applied to a bellows is limited by Hoop Stress (EJMA S2) and Bulge Stress (EJMA S4). Hoop Stress runs circumferentually around the bellows resulting from pressure differential between the inside and outside diameter of the bellows. Hoop stress is what holds a bellows together similar to hoop rings on a barrel. Hoop stress must be held to code allowable levels. Bulge Stress runs longitudinal to the bellows centerline acting on the sidewall of the bellows convolutions. Bulge Stress is also calculated to code.

Hoop Stress EJMA S2

Bulging Stress EJMA S4

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METAL BELLOWS SPRING RATE / FORCE

In addition to longitudinal pressure thrust loads, movement within a bellows requires a force to cause the bellows to compress, extend or angulate. Bellows Spring rate is a design consideration. To calculate the load (force) imposed on equipment adjacent to the expansion joint.

F = K X
F The load (force) imposed on equipment on either side of the bellows. The bellows spring rate (expressed as pounds / inch of movement for axial and lateral movements, and inch / pound per degree for angular movement) The anticipated or specified movement

K -

X -

The result is referred to as spring force For a bellows expansion joint without integral longitudinal pressure restraining hardware, one must add the bellows spring force to the pressure thrust force to determine the total force imposed on adjacent equipment or pipe anchors. Other loads that must be considered are dead weight, frictional, wind, etc.

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METAL BELLOWS CYCLE LIFE

When a bellows compresses, extends or angulates, the movement is absorbed by deformation of the side walls of the bellows convolutions. The stress caused by the movement is referred to as the bellows deflection bending stress (EJMA S6). This stress is highest at the crest and root of the bellows convolution. Metal bellows are designed to function with a deflection bending stress value that far exceeds the yield strength of the bellows material. Therefore, most metal bellows expansion joints are designed to deflate in the plastic range of materials and the b e l l o w s w i l l ta k e a permanent set at the rated bel l ow s movements. Bellows are rarely designed to operate in the elastic range of materials. Bellows operating in the plastics material range will eventually fatigue after a finite number of movement cycles. Realistic cycle life should be specified for bellows design. As the chart on page 16 shows, the higher the cycle life, the weaker the bellows d e s i g n p r e s s u r e e c a p a b i l i t y. The safest bellows design results from real-world cycle life, pressure, movement and temperature date.

Deection Stress EJMA S6

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EJMA STANDARDS - EIGHTH EDITION

Customer: Lortz Manufacturing Reference: 4/15/08 Tag Number: 20 BELLOWS PROPERTIES Bellows Material SA240-316/316L Inside Diameter 20.000 in Outside Diameter 22.375 in Nominal Thickness 0.036 in Number of Convolutions 10 Number of Plies 1 COLLAR PROPERTIES Collar Material N/A Thickness N/A Allowable Stress N/A Width N/A Modulus of Elasticity N/A Weld Joint Efficiency N/A DESIGN PARAMETERS Design Pressure 100 psig Design Movements (Concurrent) Axial Compression 1.50 in Lateral (1) 0.13 in Angular (1) 0.00 Design Cycle Life 2,000 cycles Date: 15-Apr-08 Lortz Job/Quote: 821000 Approved By: WLW

SINGLE BELLOWS DESIGN INPUT

Bellows Length Allowable Stress Mod. of Elasticity Weld Joint Efficiency

8.750 in 18,000 psi 25,800,000 psi 100%

Design Temperature Axial Extension Lateral (2) Angular (2)

500 F 0.00 in 0.000 in 0.000

ANALYSIS RESULTS
Tangent Circ. Membrane Stress due to Pressure (S1) Circumferential Membrane Stress due to Pressure (S2) Meridional Membrane Stress due to Pressure (S3) Meridional Bending Stress due to Pressure (S4) Meridional Membrane Stress due to Deflection (S5) Meridional Bending Stress due to Deflection (S6) Total Stress Range (St) Calculated Cycle Life EJMA (Nc) Axial Spring Rate Lateral Spring Rate Angular Spring Rate Bellows Effective Area Bellows Maximum Design Pressure based upon Squirm STRESS 21,864 psi 9,463 psi 1,645 psi 39,849 psi 1,955 psi 211,386 psi 242,387 psi 2,405 cycles ALLOWABLE 18,000 psi 18,000 psi N/A 47,688 psi N/A N/A N/A 2,000 cycles 1,100 lbs/in 9,709 lbs/in 1,081 in-lb/deg 353.77 in^2 148 psi

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BELL OWS DESIGN VARIABLES & THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO BELLOWS DYNAMICS

Bellows Design Variables
Thicker Material
- (1) + (1) - (1) + (1) + + + (1) - (1) S S S + + S S S + + S S + S S + + S S + S S + + + S S S S S S + + S S S S + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - (2) + (2) + (3) + (3) + (3) + (2) - (2) - (3) + + + + + - (3) - (3) - (3) + (3) + + + + + (2) - (1) - (3) + + + + - (3) - (3) - (3) - (2) + (1) + (3) + + (3) + (3) + (3) S S + S S S S + S S

Thinner Material Higher Convolution Lower Convolution Smaller Pitch Larger Pitch More Plies Fewer Plies Larger Diameter Smaller Diameter More Convolutions Fewer Convolutions

LEGEND + = Increase: - = Decrease: S = Same : (1) = No Affect: (2) Value Squared: (3) Value Cubed

Ho o E p JM St A res S2 s Bu l EJ ge S MA tr es De S4 s fle E S c JMtres tion A s S4 S Pr qu e ir Ex ssu m re t e Pr rna es l B su uc Cy re k. Li cle fe R Axated ia l R La ate te d r R al An ate gu d la r Sp A ri x ng ial Ra La te te r a Ra l Sp te rin An g gu la Ra r S te pri ng Pr e Th ssu ru re st

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BELLOW DESIGN VARIABLES

Refer to the chart on page 16. This chart shows the complexity of bellows design with the relationship of bellows geometry, material thickness, pressure and movement. Optimum bellows design requires actual pressure and temperature to be specified along with actual calculated thermal movement to be absorbed by the bellows. Overstating system data will result in a less safe bellows design. Most system designers think that specifying an extended bellows cycle life increases system reliability, whereas a longer than necessary specified bellows cycle life in most cases has the opposite result. As the chart on page 16 shows, the relationship between cycle life and pressure stability is a balancing act. The longer the cycle life, the lower the pressure retraining capability of a given bellows design. The Standards of the Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association (EJMA) covers the subject of bellows cycle life very well and Lortz recommends that s y s t e m designers refer to the latest edition of the EJMA Standards.

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COMMON BELLOWS MATERIALS

Bellows material selection is determined through knowledge of the system process and media. Responsibility for the selection of bellows materials is that of the system process designer or end user.

Material Designation
ASME SA 304 Stainless SA 304L Stainless SA 316 Stainless SA 316L Stainless SA 317 Stainless SA 317L Stainless SA 321 Stainless SA 904L Stainless SB 463 Alloy 200 SB 162 Alloy 200 SB 162 Alloy 201 SB 167 Alloy 400 SB 168 Alloy 600 SB 443 Alloy 625 LCF SB 409 Alloy 800 SB 409 Alloy 800 H SB 424 Alloy 825 ASTM A 304 Stainless A 304L Stainless A 316 Stainless A 316L Stainless A 317 Stainless A 317L Stainless A 321 Stainless A 904L Stainless B 463 Alloy 200 B 162 Alloy 200 B 162 Alloy 201 B 167 Alloy 400 B 168 Alloy 600 B 443 Alloy 625 LCF B 409 Alloy 800 B 409 Alloy 800 H B 424 Alloy 825

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WHAT IS A METAL BELLOWS EXPANSION JOINT ?

A convoluted metal bellows is one component of a metal bellows expansion joint. When the metal bellows is welded to pipe, flanges or other parts, the welded part becomes a metal bellows expansion joint. There are many types of metal bellows expansion joints which are shown in pages that follow

Vanstone ange / weld end expansion joint

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METAL EXPANSION JOINT COMPONENTS

T BAR / ROOT RING TUBULAR ROOT RING ROUND BAR ROOT RING LOWS TANGENT REINFORCING RING COVER TIE ROD LUG FLANGE COVER CLIP LINER WELD END BELLOWS

TIE ROD RING TIE ROD LIMIT ROD CONTROL ROD

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COMPONENT TERMINOLOGY
Bellows A metal tube with concentric convolutions Liner / Telescoping Liner installed to prevent media ow on bellows convolution, prevent erosion, flow induced vibration and minimize solids buildup in convolutions. Cover Installed to prevent damage to convolutions or for external ow; to act as a liner above. Can be installed with cover clips or solid cover ring. Flange normally standard ANSI anges. Van Stone Flange - Bellows is formed around ange face and trimmed. Result is a oating ange with bellows material protecting ange I.D.. Required gasket. Weld End normally standard pipe. Tie Rod Lug A lug to hold tie rod welded to ange or weld end. Tie Rod Ring A solid ring welded to weld end to hold tie rod. Tie Rod Rods installed to restrain pressure thrust. Lateral movement only. Control Rods Control rods are not designed to restrain bellows pressure thrust. Control rods are used to distribute the applied movement between two bellows or a universal expansion joint. Collar Collars are used to reinforce the bellows tangent (cuff). Root Rings Root rings are used to reinforce bellows to achieve higher internal pressures.

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TYPES OF EXPANSION JOINTS

Absorbs all movements in a given piping section. Requires guides and anchors
Single

Tied

A bsorbs l ateral movement, i f control Rod; absorbs axial and lateral movement. Designed to restrain full pressure thrust in the event of anchor failure. Requires guides and anchors. Absorbs large amounts of lateral movement along with specified axial movement. Requires guides and anchors.

Universal

Large amounts of lateral movement, and w i thi n the ti e rods axi al movement. Designed to retrain bellows pressure thrust.
Tied Universal

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TYPES OF EXPANSION JOINTS

Designed to absorb angular movement in one plane only. Hinged expansion joints are normally used in sets of 2 or 3 to function properly
Hinge

Designed to absorb angular movement in any plane. Similar to a Universal joint on an automobile
Gimbal

Pressure Balanced

Designed to absorb axial and lateral movement when a change of direction occurs in a piping system. Designed to restrain bellows pressure thrust. Externally pressurized expansion joints can absorb long axial movements and the bellows cover is pipe

XXpress

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MAIN ANCHORS
Main anchors must be designed to withstand all of the forces and movements imposed on them in the piping system section in which they are installed. This includes bellows pressure thrust, media flow, bellows spring force and frictional forces of pipe guides, pipe supports, and directional anchors. The weight of the pipe, including contents and forces and / or movements resulting from wind loads may also have to be considered in the main anchor design. In systems containing expansion joints, main anchors are installed at any of the following locations
(A) At a change of direction of flow:

(B) Between Two expansion jo i nts of di fferent si zes installed in the same straight run: (C) At the entrance of a side branch containing an expansion joint into the main line:

(D) Where a shut-off or pressure reducing valve is installed in a pipe run between two expansion joints:

(E) At a blind end of pipe

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TYPICAL PIPE GUIDE

Standard Pipe Alignment Guide

Tee Guide

Strap Guide

PIPE SUPPORTS
Pipe rings, U-bolts, roller supports and spring hangars are typical pipe supports devices. A properly designed pipe support permits free movement of piping while supporting the dead and live weight of piping, valves and other components of a piping system.

Proper guiding and supporting of piping systems containing expansion joints is critical.

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INTERMEDIATE ANCHORS
Intermediate anchors are not designed to withstand bellows pressure thrust force. When unrestrained metal bellows expansion joints are installed in a pipe section, intermediate anchors must be designed to withstand all of the non-pressure forces acting upon it which consists of bellows spring force and other frictional forces such as pipe guides.

PIPE GUIDES AND SUPPORTS

1st Guide

2nd Guide

All Other Guides

Piping or ducting systems in which metal bellows expansion joints are installed must be properly guided and supported in order for the expansion joint to function properly. It is generally recommended that the expansion joint be installed near a pipe anchor and that the first guide be installed a maximum of four (4) pipe diameters away from the expansion joint. The distance between the rst and second guide should not be greater than 14 pipe diameters. Refer to the recommended pipe guide spacing chart on the next page.

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PIPE GUIDE SPACING CHART

The first guide must be located a maximum of 4 pipe diameters from the end of the bellows; the second guide a maximum of 14 pipe diameters. Chart is for all bellows with inside diameter the same as piping.
Recommended Maximum Spacing of Intermediate Pipe Guides for Applications Involving Axial Movements
400.00

350.00

Intermediate Guide Spacing [ft]

300.00

250.00

200.00

150.00

100.00

50.00

0.00 25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

275

300

325

350

375

400

Pressure [psi]

This chart is general reference only. Piping ducting systems should be designed by qualied engineers and consider all system requirements

Legend
4" 20" 48" 8" 24" 60" 12" 30" 72" 16" 36"

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PIPING AND DUCTING SYSTEM DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

When the use of expansion joints have been determined necessary due to the thermal growth in a piping or duct system, it is very important to attempt to keep the system as simple as possible. The first step is to analyze the system for the location of main anchors. A complex system can be simplified by dividing the system into several sections isolated with main anchors. Once divided, the thermal growth pattern in each section can be analyzed and the simplest expansion joint can be designed to accommodate the required mountings.

Straight Run

L - Bend

Z - Bend

Pump

Tank

Tank

Typical Piping Layout

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TYPICAL EXPANSION JOINT APPLICATIONS

Axial Movement Only

Single Expansion Joint

Universal Expansion Joint with Integral Intermediate Anchors

Pressure Balanced Elbow Expansion Joint

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TYPICAL EXPANSION JOINT APPLICATIONS

Combined Movements

Single Expansion Joint Combined Axial and Lateral Movement

Single - Tied Application For Lateral and Axial Movement

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TYPICAL EXPANSION JOINT APPLICATIONS

Combined Movements - Tied Universal

Two - Plane Tied Universal Application

Three - Plane Tied Universal Application

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TYPICAL EXPANSION JOINT APPLICATIONS

Angular Movements - Hinge

Two - Hinge Application

Three - Hinge Application

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TYPICAL EXPANSION JOINT APPLICATIONS

Angular Movements - Gimbal

Two - Gimbal Application

Three - Gimbal Application

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METAL RECTANGULAR EXPANSION JOINTS

Single Miter Corner

LORTZ can fabricate metal rectangular expansion joints from 2 to any larger size. Straight sections can be formed in 20 foot lengths without additional welds.

Double Miter Corner

Rounded Corner

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FABRIC EXPANSION JOINTS

Lortz Manufacturing has the experience and manufacturing capability to provide complete framed fabric expansion joints. Our designs are in accordance with recognized standards suchas those published by the Fluid Sealing Association (FSA). Lortz offers multiple frame styles and fabric materials specifically engineered for each application requirement. Factors such as temperature, media, movements, orientation and pressure affect the selection process. The illustration below shows a typical framed expansion joint system.
4 6 7 1 2 3

LEGEND
1: Fabric Belt Material 2: Encased Accumulation Pillow with Attachment Tabs 3: Outboard Standoff Frame 4: Radius Corners 5: Telescoping Liners 6: Belt Attachment Bolting, 1/2 Diameter on 4 Centers 7: Clamping Bars

LEGEND
A: Outer Cover Fabric B: Fiberglass Insulation
F E D C B G A

Option A

C: Teflon Gas Seal Membrane D: Fiberglass Insulation E: Woven Fiberglass Cloth F: 316 S/S Wire Mesh G: Edge Seal
D E B C A

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Option B

INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
Receiving Inspection
Visual inspection upon receipt should be performed. The container should be opened and if the contents have been damaged, they should be photographed along with the container. Large expansion joint assemblies may be shipped without a pallet or container of any kind. Under all circumstances, any shipping damage must be immediately reported to Cu s t o me r Se rv ic e a t L ortz Manufacturing, 661-587-2020 and the photographs emailed to customerservice@lortz.com. Lortz will analyze the damage and provide further instructions.

Storage
Expansion Joints should be stored in a clean and dry environment. However, as a minimum, expansion joints must be stored so that water does not penetrate any closed container. Expansion joints shipped on pallets or shipped without a pallet may be stored out of doors, however it is extremely important that flow liners be in a downward position. Expansion joints with overlapping flow liners, regardless of liner weep holes, should be covered to prevent water from accumulating in the liner and potentially clogging the weep holes.

Shipping Bars and / or Internal Shipping Restraints

Shipping bars and / or Internal shipping restraints will be painted yellow and marked Remove after Installation. DO NOT REMOVE THE SHIPPING BARS OR INTERNAL RESTRAINTS UNTIL THE EXPANSION JOINT HAS BEEN COMPLETELY INSTALLED. Do not use the expansion joint to correct for installation misalignment. Do not torque the expansion joint to correct for bolt hole misalignment. Tie Rods, Limit Rods or Control Rods are NOT shipping bars, do not remove nuts or rods. Be very careful removing shipping bars so as not to cause weld spatter or arc strikes or grinding damage to the bellows element. Position a chloride free fire blanket as required to prevent bellows damage. All expansion joints are shipped to specified Pre-set installation dimensions and it is important that the expansion joints are installed accordingly. The Pre-set can be Axial (compression or extension), or Lateral, or Angular, or any combination thereof. Expansion Joints will be shipped Pre-set in accordance with approved drawing requirements. If the shipping bars are removed prior to completion of installation by bolting or welding, the expansion joint may move to a neutral position and will not function as designed and can cause premature or immediate expansion joint failure.

36

INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS (continued)

Installation
Prio r t o in s t a llin g the expansion joint, the opening into which the expansion joint will be installed must be inspected to verify that the opening is in accordance with design tolerances. As stated above, the expansion joint is not designed to accommodate installation misalignment, u n le s s c le a rly s p e cified as a design requirement. A ll pipe guides and anchoring must be in accordance with the guidelines of the Standards of the Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association for expansion joints to function properly in a piping or ducting system. DO NOT USE THE SHIPPING BARS TO LIFT THE EXPANSION JOINT. FOR EXPANSION JOINTS WEIGHING LESS THAN 500 POUNDS WITH OUT LIFTING LUGS, USE THE MOST APPROPRIATE HANDLING METHOD TO MOVE INTO INSTALLATION POSITION. EXPANSION JOINTS WEIGHING MORE THAN 500 POUNDS WILL BE FURNISHED WITH LIFTING LUGS AND REQUIRE THE USE OF A SPREADER BAR TO LIFT TO PREVENT DAMAGE TO THE EXPANSION JOINT WHEN STANDARD LIFTING PRACTICES ARE EMPLOYED. SPREADER BARS MUST BE USED SO THAT THE LIFTING FORCES ARE STRAIGHT UP FROM THE LIFTING LUGS. IT IS SUGGESTED THAT LIFTING OF LARGE EXPANSION JOINTS BE DOCUMENTED BY PHOTOGRAPHS. NEVER USE A CHAIN OR CABLE OVER THE BELLOWS ELEMENT OR COVER, THEY ARE NOT DESIGNED TO SUPPORT LIFTING AND THE BELLOWS CAN BE SEVERELY DAMAGED.

Weld End Expansion Joints

1. Make certain that the attachment edges of the piping or ducting are smooth, clean and parallel. 2. Be cautious of any adjacent objects with sharp edges or protrusions so that when positioning the expansion joint the thin gage bellows will not be damaged. 3. When the expansion joint has a liner, make certain that the flow arrow of the expansion joint is in the system flow direction. 4. Prior to welding, protect the expansion joint with a chloride free fire blanket to prevent weld spatter or arc strikes on the bellows surface. 5. Remove the shipping bars and / or internal restraints prior to any testing or operation of the system.

37

INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS (continued)

Fl anged Expansi on J o i n t s
1 . M a k e c e rt a in t h a t the pipe or duct flange opening is in a c c o rd a n c e wit h specified dimensions. 2 . Wh e n t h e e x p a n s ion joint has a liner, make certain that t h e f lo w a rro w o f the expansion joint is in the system f lo w d ire c t io n . 3 . Pro p e rly in s t a ll t he required gaskets and bolt the expansion jo in t in p la c e b e ing careful not to cause any damage to the b e llo ws e le me n t . 4 . Ag a in , d o n o t in t roduce torque into the expansion joint by t ry in g t o ro t a t e t he expansion joint to accommodate an imp ro p e rly p o s it ioned flange on the pipe or duct end. 5 . M a n y f la n g e d e x pansion joints are designed with a floating f la n g e ( Va n s t o n e) so that the final flange to be bolted can b e ro t a t e d . 6 . Re mo v e t h e s h ip ping bars and / or internal restraints prior t o a n y t e s t in g o r operation of the system.

Ti ed Rods, Cont r ol R o d s a n d L i mi t R o d s
1 . If t h e e x p a n s io n j oint is designed with Tie R ods to restrain p re s s u re t h ru s t , t he tie rods will be set to the proper d ime n s io n s p rio r to shipment. D o not adjust the tie rods. 2 . If t h e e x p a n s io n j oint is shipped with C ontrol R ods, t o c o n t ro l t h e a mount of movement between two expansion jo in t s , f in a l a d ju stment of the rod nuts may be required d u rin g in s t a lla t io n of the expansion joints. R efer to the e x p a n s io n jo in t d rawings. 3 . If t h e e x p a n s io n j oint is designed with Limit R ods, to limit t h e a mo u n t o f movement absorbed by the expansion joint, t h e limit ro d s will be finally adjusted prior to shipment. D o n o t a d ju s t t h e limit rods. Limit R ods are not designed to re s t ra in e x p a n s io n joint pressure thrust, during n o rma l o p e ra t io n .

38

INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS (continued)

Hin g e Ex p a n s io n Joints 1 . CAUTION - Proper orientation of hinged expansion joints in pipe runs is critical. Refer to piping schematic prior to installation.

Proper lifting technic for expansion joints

Shipping bars are not to removed until expansion joints are installed

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Thermal Expansion of Pipe in Inches for 100 Feet

Temperature Degrees F Carbon Steel C-Mo 3Cr-Mo -2.37 -2.24 -2.11 -1.98 -1.85 -1.71 -1.58 -1.45 -1.30 -1.15 -1.00 -0.84 -0.68 -0.49 -0.32 -0.14 0.00 0.23 0.42 0.61 0.80 0.99 1.21 1.40 1.61 1.82 5CR-Mo through 9Cr-Mo Steel -2.22 -2.10 -1.98 -1.86 -1.74 -1.62 -1.50 -1.37 -1.23 -1.08 -0.94 -0.79 -0.63 -0.46 -0.30 -0.13 0.00 0.22 0.40 0.58 0.76 0.94 1.13 1.33 1.52 1.71 Austenitic Stainless Steel 18Cr-8NI -3.85 -3.63 -3.41 -3.19 -2.96 -2.73 -2.50 -2.27 -2.01 -1.75 -1.50 -1.24 -0.98 -0.72 -0.46 -0.21 0.00 0.34 0.62 0.90 1.18 1.46 1.75 2.03 2.32 2.61 Alloys 600 625 -2.30 -2.17 -2.04 -1.87 -1.70 -1.54 -1.37 -1.17 -0.97 -0.76 -0.56 -0.36 -0.16 0.00 0.26 0.48 0.70 0.92 1.15 1.38 1.61 1.85 2.09

-325 -300 -275 -250 -225 -200 -175 -150 -125 -100 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300

40

Thermal Expansion of Pipe in Inches for 100 Feet

Temperature Degrees F Carbon Steel C-Mo 3Cr-Mo 2.04 2.26 2.48 2.70 2.93 3.16 3.39 3.62 3.86 4.11 4.35 4.60 4.86 5.11 5.37 5.63 5.90 6.16 6.43 6.70 6.97 7.25 7.53 7.81 8.08 8.35 8.62 8.89 9.17 5CR-Mo through 9Cr-Mo Steel 1.90 2.10 2.30 2.50 2.72 2.93 3.14 3.35 3.58 3.80 4.02 4.24 4.47 4.69 4.92 5.14 5.38 5.62 5.86 6.10 6.34 6.59 6.83 7.07 7.31 7.56 7.81 8.06 8.30 Austenitic Stainless Steel 18Cr-8NI 2.90 3.20 3.50 3.80 4.10 4.41 4.71 5.01 5.31 5.62 5.93 6.24 6.55 6.87 7.18 7.50 7.82 8.15 8.47 8.80 9.13 9.46 9.79 10.12 10.46 10.80 11.14 11.46 11.82 Alloys 600 625 2.32 2.56 2.80 3.05 3.29 3.53 3.78 4.02 4.27 4.52 4.77 5.02 5.27 5.53 5.79 6.05 6.31 6.57 6.84 7.10 7.38 7.67 7.95 8.23 8/.52 8.80 9.09 9.37 9.66

325 350 375 400 425 450 475 500 525 550 575 600 625 650 675 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900 925 950 975 1000 1025

41

Thermal Expansion of Pipe in Inches for 100 Feet

Temperature Degrees F Carbon Steel C-Mo 3Cr-Mo 9.46 9.75 10.04 10.31 10.57 10.83 11.10 11.38 11.66 11.94 12.22 12.50 12.78 13.06 13.34 5CR-Mo through 9Cr-Mo Steel 8.55 8.80 9.05 9.28 9.52 9.76 10.00 10.26 10.53 10.79 11.06 11.30 11.55 11.80 12.05 Austenitic Stainless Steel 18Cr-8NI 12.16 12.50 12.84 13.18 13.52 13.86 14.20 14.54 14.88 15.22 15.56 15.90 16.24 16.48 16.92 17.30 17.69 18.08 18.47 Alloys 600 625 9.94 10.23 10.51 10.80 11.09 11.37 11.66 11.98 12.29 12.61 12.93 13.25 13.56 13.88 14.250 14.51 14.83 15.14 15.45 15.77 16.08 16.40 16.71

1050 1075 1100 1125 1150 1175 1200 1225 1250 1275 1300 1325 1350 1375 1400 1425 1450 1475 1500 1525 1550 1575 1600

42

Stream Pressure Table

Temperature (F) 212 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 (C) 100 104 116 127 138 149 160 171 182 193 204 216 227 Saturated Steam (psig) 0.0 2.5 10.3 20.7 34.5 52.3 74.9 103.3 138.3 180.9 232.4 293.7 366.1 (barg) 0.000 0.172 0.710 1.428 2.379 3.607 5.166 7.124 9.538 12.476 16.028 20.255 25.248 Temperature (F) 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 (C) 238 249 260 271 282 293 304 316 327 338 349 360 371 Saturated Steam (psig) 451.3 550.3 664.3 795.3 945.3 1115.0 1308.0 1525.0 1768.0 2041.0 2346.0 2705.0 3080.0 (barg) 31.124 37.952 45.814 54.848 65.193 76.897 90.217 105.172 121.931 140.759 161.793 186.552 212.414

Low - Pressure Conversions

1 in. Mercury = 1 in. Mercury = 1 in. Mercury = 1 in. Mercury = 0.4912 psig 13.60 in. of water 0.03386 bar 3.3864 kPa 1 kPa = 1 kPa = 1 bar 1 psig 0.145 psig 0.01 bar 10 N/sq. mm 0.06895 bar

43

DIMENSIONS OF WELDED AND SEAMLESS PIPE

NOMINAL PIPE SIZE 1/8 1/4 3/8 1/2 3/4 1 1 1/4 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 3 1/2 4 4.500 WALL I.D. .120 4.260 .237 4.026 4.000 WALL I.D. .120 3.760 .226 3.548 3.500 WALL I.D. .120 3.260 .216 3.068 .216 3.068 .226 3.548 .237 4.026 2.875 WALL I.D. .120 2.635 .203 2.469 .203 2.469 2.375 WALL I.D. .109 2.157 .154 2.067 .154 2.067 1.900 WALL I.D. .109 1.682 .145 1.610 .145 1.610 .200 1.500 .218 1.939 .276 2.323 .300 2.900 .318 3.364 .337 3.826 1.660 WALL I.D. .109 1.442 .140 1.380 .140 1.380 .191 1.278 .191 1.278 .200 1.500 .218 1.939 .276 2.323 .300 2.900 .318 3.364 .337 3.826 .438 3.624 .531 3.438 1.315 WALL I.D. .109 1.097 .133 1.049 .133 1.049 .179 .957 .179 .957 1.050 WALL I.D. .083 .884 .113 .824 .113 .824 .154 .742 .154 .742 .840 WALL I.D. .109 .622 .109 .622 .147 .546 .147 .546 .675 WALL I.D. .091 .493 .126 .423 .126 .423 .187 .466 .218 .614 .250 .815 .250 1.160 .281 1.338 .343 1.689 .375 2.125 .438 2.624 .294 .252 .308 .434 .358 .599 .382 .896 .400 1.100 .436 1.503 .552 1.771 .600 2.300 .636 2.728 .674 3.152 .540 WALL I.D. .088 .364 .088 .364 .126 .423 .126 .423 .405 WALL I.D. .068 .269 .068 .269 .095 .215 .095 .215 OUTSIDE DIAMETER SCH 10 SCH 20 SCH 30 STANDARD WEIGHT SCH 40 SCH 60 EXTRA STRONG SCH 80 SCH 100 SCH 120 SCH 140 SCH 160 DBL EX STRONG

44

NOMINAL PIPE SIZE 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 30 30.000 WALL I.D. .312 29.376 .500 29.000 .625 28.750 .375+ 29.250+ 24.000 WALL I.D. .250 23.500 .375 23.250 .562 22.875 .375 .687 23.250 22.626 20.000 WALL I.D. .250 19.500 .375 19.250 .500 19.000 .375 .593 19.250 18.814 .812 18.376 .968 22.064 18.000 WALL I.D. .250 17.500 .312 15.375 .438 17.124 .375 .562 17.250 16.876 .750 16.500 16.000 WALL I.D. .250 15.500 .312 15.375 .375 15.250 .375 .500 15.250 15.000 .656 14.688 14.000 WALL I.D. .250 13.500 .312 13.375 .375 13.250 .375 .438 13.250 13.124 .593 12.814 .500 .750 13.000 12.500 .500 .843 15.000 14.314 .500 .937 17.000 16.126 .500 1.031 19.000 17.938 .500 1.218 23.000 21.564 .500 29.000 + + 10.750 12.750 WALL I.D. .180 12.390 .250 12.250 .330 12.090 .375 12.000 .406 11.938 .562 11.626 .500 11.750 .687 11.376 .843 11.064 .937 12.126 1.031 13.938 1.156 15.688 1.281 17.438 1.531 20.938 WALL I.D. .165 10.420 .250 10.250 .307 10.136 .365 .365 10.020 10.020 .500 9.750 .500 9.750 .593 9.564 .718 9.314 .843 9.064 8.625 WALL I.D. .149 8.329 .250 8.125 .277 8.071 .322 7.981 .322 7.961 .406 7.813 .500 7.625 .500 7.625 .593 7.439 .718 7.189 .812 7.001 1.000 8.750 6.625 WALL I.D. .134 6.357 .280 6.065 .280 6.065 .432 5.761 .432 5.761 .562 5.501 5.563 WALL I.D. .134 5.295 .258 5.047 .258 5.047 .375 4.813 .375 4.813 .500 4.563 .625 4.313 .718 5.189 .906 6.813 1.125 8.500 1.000 1.125 1.312 10.750 10.500 10.126 1.093 1.25 11.814 11.500 1.406 11.188 1.218 1.438 1.593 13.564 13.124 12.814 1.375 1.562 1.781 15.250 14.876 14.438 1.500 1.750 1.968 17.000 16.500 16.064 1.812 2.062 2.343 20.376 19.876 19.314

OUTSIDE DIAMETER

SCH 10

SCH 20

SCH 30

STANDARD WEIGHT

SCH 40

SCH 60

EXTRA STRONG

SCH 80

SCH 100

SCH 120

SCH 140

SCH 160

DBL EX STRONG .750 4.063 .864 4.897 .875 6.875

45

CONVERSIONS BETWEEN U.S. CUSTOMARY & SI UNITS

Quantity
Area Density (mass) Density (weight) Force

U.S Customary Unit

ft in. slug / ft lb. / ft lb. / in. lb k lb / ft lb / in. k / ft k / in. ft in. mi lb - s / ft psf psi ksf ksi ft / s in. / s ft in. in. gal. gal.

Times Conversion Factor

0.0929 645 515 157 271 4.45 4.45 14.6 175 14.6 175 0.305 25.4 1.61 14.6 47.9 6890 47.9 6.89 0.305 0.0254 0.447 1.61 0.0283 16.4 x 10-6 16.4 3.79 0.00379

Equals SI Unit
m mm kg/m N / m kN / m N kN N/m N/m kN / m kN / m m mm km kg Pa Pa kPa MPa m/s m/s m/s km / h m m cm L m

Force Per Unit Length

Length Mass Pressure (stress)

Velocity (linear)

Volume

To convert from SI to USCS units, divide by the conversion factor

Temperature Conversion Formulas

5 T (C) = [ T (F) - 32] 9 T (K) = T (C) + 273.15

9 T (F) = T (C) + 32 5 T (R) = T (F) + 459.67

46

4042 Patton Way Bakerseld, CA 93308-5030 Phone 661.587.2020 Fax 661.587.2022 Email sales@lortz.com www.lortz.com

METAL EXPANSION JOINT DATA SHEET

Customer Address: Design Codes and Standards Contact Date Phone Email Address Page Fax

EJMA ASME Section VIII ANSI B31.3

EJ# or Tag # Quantity Required Nominal Diameter (Inches) STYLE END DESIGNATION
W - Weld End Matl / Spec. F - Flange Rating / Matl Spec. V - Vanstone Flange Design (PSIG) Operating (PSIG) Test (PSIG) Design ( F) Operating ( F) Installation ( F) Media Internal / External Flow Velocity (Ft / Sec) Flow Direction Axial Extension (in) Axial Compression (in)

END FITTINGS PRESSURE INT. / EXT TEMPERATURE INT. / EXT. FLOW MEDIA SU-VF
M O V E M E N T S & C Y C L E

SU-WW

DESIGN

Lateral (in) Angular (deg) Number of Cycles Axial Extension (in) Axial Compression (in)

SH=HINGE

OPERATING Lateral (in)

Angular (deg) Number of Cycles Axial Extension (in) Axial Compression (in) INSTALLATION Lateral (in) Angular (deg) Number of Cycles Axial (lb / in) Lateral (lb / in) Angular (lb / deg) Overall Length (in) Maximum O.D. (in) Minimum I.D. (in) Bellows

SG=GIMBAL

L I F E

SPRING RATES

DIMENSIONS ST=TIE ROD

Liner MATERIAL SPECIFICATION Cover Tie Rods Bellows Long Seam Weld

UT-WW TIED UNIVERSAL

QUALITY ASSURANCE

Bellows Attachment Weld Piping Spec - NDE ASME U-2 Forms

Copyright Lortz Manufacturing Company 2008

= Mandatory Information

4042 Patton Way Bakerseld, CA 93308-5030 Phone 661.587.2020 Fax 661.587.2022 Email sales@lortz.com www.lortz.com

Notes

4 0 4 2 PAT T O N WAY BAKERSFIELD, CA 93308-5030 PHONE 661.587.2020 FAX 661.587.2022 EMAIL SALES@LORTZ.COM WWW.LORTZ.COM

4042 PATTON WAY BAKERSFIELD, CA 93308-5030 PHONE 661.587.2020 | FAX 661.587.2022 EMAIL SALES@LORTZ.COM WWW.LORTZ.COM