IV fluid tonicity

0.9% NaCl (normal saline) isotonic 0.25% NaCl hypotonic 0.45% NaCl hypotonic 2.5% dextrose hypotonic Lactated Ringer's solution isotonic D5W (acts as a hypotonic solution isotonic in body) D5 NaCl hypertonic D5 in Lactated Ringer's hypertonic D5 0.45% NaCl hypertonic

D5LR Nonpyrogenic, parenteral fluid, electrolyte and nutrient replenisher

Hypertonic Solutions are those that have an effective osmolarity greater than the body fluids. This pulls the fluid into the vascular by osmosis resulting in an increase vascular volume. It raises intravascular osmotic pressure and provides fluid, electrolytes and calories for energy
1L @ 30 gtts/min.

Do not administer unless solution is clear and container is undamaged. > Caution must be exercised in the administration of parenteral fluids, especially those containing sodium ions to patients receiving corticosteroids or corticotrophin. >Solution containing acetate should be used with caution as excess administration may result in metabolic alkalosis. >Solution containing dextrose should be

used with caution in patients with known subclinical or overt diabetes mellitus. > Discard unused portion. > In very low birth weight infants, excessive or rapid administration of dextrose injection may result in

increased serum osmolality and possible intracerebral hemorrhage.

D5 WATER Contents Indications Precautions Adverse Drug Reactions Drug Interactions

Per 100 mL Dextrose monohydrate 5 g, Na acetate anhydrous 189 mg, KCl 141 mg, Na phosphate monobasic 21.4 mg, MgCl2 hexahydrate 30.5 mg, mono K phosphate 15 mg, sodium metabisulphite (approx 2 mEq/L) 20 mg. Electrolytes in 1000 mL Na 25 meq, K 20 meq, Mg 3 meq,

acetate 23 meq, Cl 22 meq, phosphate 3 meq

Maintenance therapy in dehydration. Fluid & electrolyte maintenance.

Used in the treatment of diarrhea.

Hyperkalemia in anuria or oliguria due to renal impairment or dehydration and increased BUN due to reduced urinary output, surgery & tissue damage. Pregnancy. Na metabisulfite may cause allergic type reactions including anaphylactic symptoms & lifethreatening or less severe asthmatic episodes