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18e H C| d+

53

e]+#e#TqT. H> mH Veuy\qT V\ |<] +


#*. s<eTT, >, X+, ndjT, eT<eTT, XeT,
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<, n|ks+, dT|, $u<, eTs+, neV, >,
eT, y~, H<eTT, eTsDeTT, X, $seTT{
uy\T |<\ qqeTT #d #|+#*. jT
|<\ Ho\qT # > n+~+ u~+q y]
u\dsd (MD <q e eTqTeTs\T), y+|{ d +,
qs seTw, ~ HsjTDH |eTTKT\T.
u\dsd qeTT #dq e<s bby #\
|d< y T q ~. |<e TT +< e&q~.
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$<e TT> q]+ #b*. n> | #sD
ysT ysT
uy\qT q{+#*.)
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(<q eTT, eTse TT, X+, $s , >)
nqT. n~ jTT jTT>eTT ys q $T|&T
(s<eTT, \deTT)
n&e s HHe s z #*jT
(C&eTT, s<eTT)
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=\Te q jT |q =+<sT e\T s |&sT .

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n #|> $q jT qT | |<eTT yd e] |+
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eTT+|
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#j \+f m+ z|, |]XeT nedse TT. eT+ >TsTe\T
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= #T\ |>H +T+~. n+<Te\q =+<sT
M{ HsT =q& w| & s T . jT |<\qT <qeTT
> &<T&T +& b&*. #\ >jT\
e~ e. n+<Te\q M{ b& bTHsT.
$wj \qT |]o*dT+ f jT |<\ u$ wT m
>T+T+< nH X+ \T>TT+~. |uT \T, $X$<
\j\T, bw d+d\
eyT d+^-kV-q
d$T[yT q yD Je+eTT #jT & M\eT+~.

>+<d
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

jT |<e TT\T - d+. $k nbse, +<> q


|]wT , seT+&, 1950
jT |<eTT\T - d+. &T>T y+{ d|, us
|+sY, eT<sdT, 1952
jT |<e TT\T - d+. eT+# >H< se, +< |<X
d+^ H n&$T, V<su<T, 1973
jT |< kVeTT - mdt. >+>|, Xo |#TsD\T,
V<su<T, 1974.
eTV$ jT ` n+ | sY #\qeTT s,
d+^+` ~ HsjTDse <s&T` d.mdt.se,
jT > nH H>Xsse, 1976.
eTTe>b\ |<e[ - s+se, s |_wH,
$jTy&, 1994
jT eTTe>b\ - qs seTw, +< H+
dt, V<su<T, 2002

l CC\ wyVqse H\sT +#sT. euw q&+. eT<dT, sT|,


u+>TSs #<Te. +&jTH Hd{ |t dHdt qT+& &s{ #XsT. \T>T,
+^w \ |< s#q , +|PsY <s+ #+ <dT | Xdj
T $Xw D
\T M] wy T q
yb\T. |&] , yT+& yd+.

\T>T|\T 2011

54

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