4-3: LOGARlTHMlC FUNCTlONS

Objective:

1) Make a table of values for
x
x f 2 ) ( = and reverse the ordered pairs to
obtain a table of values for x x f
2
1
log ) ( =

. Then use both tables to graph

) (x f and ) (
1
x f

on the same set of axes.







Definition: Logarithmic Function






***A logarithm is just _______________________________________.

Properties of Graphs of Logarithmic Functions

Let x x f
b
log ) ( = be a logarithmic function, b>0,
1 b
. Then the graph of ) (x f :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
2) Change each logarithmic form to an equivalent exponential form.
(A) 2 9 log
3
= (B) 4 16 log
2
= (C)
0 1 log
7
=
(D)
1 6 log
6
=










3) Change each exponential form to an equivalent logarithmic form.
(A)
2
8 64 = (B)
2
7 49 = (C)
3
3 27 = (D)
2
13 69 =









4) Find xbor yas indicated.
(A) Find y:
16 log
8
= y
(B) Find x: 3 log
2
= x (C) Find b 2 25 log =
b

Homework: Pg 429 (7-18, 20, 55-71 odds)

Theorem 2: Properties of Logarithmic Functions
f b, M, and N are positive real numbers, 1 b , and p and x are real
numbers, then
1. 5.
2. 6.
3. 7.
4. 8.
***
***

5) Simplify, using the properties in Theorem 2.
(A)
6
log
+ x
e
e
(B)
7 log
3
3
(C) 2 log 8 log
2 2
+ (D)
( )
2
3
6 log
(E)
27
9
log
3








Homework: Pg 429 (23-29 odds, 30-35, 37)

Common and Natural Logarithms
Common Logarithmic Function:
x x y
10
log log = =

Natural Logarithmic Function:
x x y
e
log ln = =


Logarithmic-Exponential Relationships
y x = log
is equivalent to
y x = ln
is equivalent to

7) Find xto three significant digits, given the indicated logarithms.
(A) 255 . 4 log = x (B) 684 . 2 ln = x




8) Evaluate the following logs to three decimal places.
(A)
23 log
4
(B)
31 log
5
(C)
y N
b
= log






The Change-of-Base Formula









Homework: Pg 429-430 (74, 76, 79-90)