COMPARISION OF OPERATIONAL CHARECTERISTICS OF DIESEL ENGINE RUN BY BIO DIESEL (RUBBER SEED OIL) WITH DIESEL FUEL OPERATION

By T. Mohan Raj Lecturer, SASTRA University Thanjavur

Introduction
Biodiesel is a renewable fuel, derived from vegetable oils such as Soybean oil Jatropha oil Corn oil Sunflower oil Cotton Seed oil Rice Bran oil Rubber Seed oil and etc.,

The use of vegetable oils for engine fuels may seem insignificant today. But such oils may become in the course of time as important as petroleum and the coal tar products of the present time. Rudolf Diesel (1912)

Importance of Biodiesel
Renewable Clean burning High Lubricity Fuel Efficiency Very low greenhouse gases Reduces need to import oil Biodegradable Safe: non-toxic, non-hazardous, non-flammable

Properties of Rubber seed oil

properties diesel Kinematic viscosity in 7.956 CS Flash point in 0C 65 Density in g / cc LCV in KJ / kg Pour point 0 C Cetane number 0.892 34589 20 56 Rubber seed oil 6.0 72 0.86 44000 12 45

Transesterification Process
Single phase method Two phase method

Raw vegetable oil<= 4% FFA

Raw vegetable oil> 4% FFA

Methanol + NaOH

Transesterification

Esterification

Sulphuric acid + Methanol

Crude bio-diesel

Washing

Glycerol

Methanol Recovery

Neat bio-diesel

Experimental Setup - Schematic

Diesel 4 6 Biodiesel 5 Data acquisition system 3

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

C.I.ENGINE EDDY CURRENT DYNAMOMETER DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM DIESEL TANK BIODIESEL TANK VALVE COOLING WATER SYSTEM ENGINE SHAFT COUPLING/FLANGE

7 Cooling water in 1 9 8 2

Cooling water out

Experimental Setup - Photograph

Engine Configuration
Make and Model No. of Cylinder Orientation Cycle Ignition System Bore and stroke Arrangement of valves Rated power Cooling Medium Combustion Chamber Compression ratio Displacement volume : : : : : : : : : : : : COMET One Vertical 4 Strokes C.I. 80 x 110 mm Overhead 3.5 kW @ 1500 rpm Water Open 18:1 553 cc

Procedure
The engine is coupled with an eddy current dynamometer. Rubber seed oil was injected in to the engine through the existing conventional injection system. Two separate fuel tanks were used, one for diesel fuel and other for Rubber seed oil. Both the fuels were injected at the room temperature only. A fuel changing arrangement was provided to change one fuel mode to another fuel.

CONT..

The test rig is a computerized engine test rig, all the observations were carried out by the respective sensors.

The engine speed was measured by the crank angle encoder. The cylinder pressure and fuel injection pressure were measured by the piezo electric sensors.

The signals that were obtained from various sensors are fed to the engine indicator for storing the data and interfacing with computer.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Load Vs Brake Thermal Efficiency

40 35 BREAK THERMAL EFFICIENCY (%) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 LOAD (Kgf) DIESEL BIODIESEL

Load Vs Specific Fuel Consumption

SFC(kg/kW-hr)

4 DIESEL BIODIESEL

0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 LOAD (Kgf)

Load Vs Exhaust Gas Temperature

400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 LOAD (Kgf)

EXHAUST GAS TEMPARATURE (

C)

Diesel Biodiesel
DIESEL BIODIESEL

Load Vs Volumetric Efficiency

60

50 VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY(%)

40

30

DIESEL BIODIESEL

20

10

0 0 2 4 6 LOAD (Kgf) 8 10 12 14

Load Vs Delay Period

10 9 8 DELAY PERIOD ( CA) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 LOAD (Kgf) DIESEL BIODIESEL

Load Vs Peak Pressure

90 80 70 PEAK PRESSURE(bar) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 2 4 6 LOAD (Kgf) 8 10 12 14 DIESEL BIODIESEL

Load Vs Rate of Pressure Rise

9 8 ) RATE OF PRESSURE RISE(dp/ d 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 LOAD (Kgf)

DIESEL BIODIESEL

Conclusion
The performance and the combustion characteristics of diesel engine and biodiesel almost match. Biodiesel is very effective and can be used as an alternative fuel without any engine modifications. Rubber seed oil as biodiesel is considered as cost effective when produced in large quantity.

References
Abdul Monyem., Jon, H and Van Gerpen. (2001) The effect of Biodiesel oxidation on Engine Performance and Emissions, International Journal of Biomass and Bio Energy, No.20, pp. 317-325. John Einfalt and Carroll E. Goering (1995) Methyl Soyate as a fuel in a Diesel Tractor Transactions of American society of automotive engineers, Vol.85, pp. 70-74. Kyle W Scholl, and Spencer C Sorenson (1993) Combustion Analysis of Soybean |oil Methyl Ester in a Direct Injection Diesel Engine, Society of Automotive engineers, Paper No. 930934. Larry E. Wagner., Stanley J. Clark and Mark D. Schrock (1984) Effect of Soybean Oil Esters on the Performance, Lubrication Oil and Water of Diesel Engines, Society of Automotive engineers, Paper No. 841385. Nobukazu Takagi, and Koichiro Itow (1984) Low Carbon Flower Buildup Low Smoke and Efficient Diesel Operation with Vegetable Oils by Conversion to Monoesters and Blending with Diesel Oil or alcohols, Society of automotive engineers, Paper No.841161.

Recep Altin., Selim Cetinkaya and Huseyin Serdas Yucesu. (2001) The Potential of Using Vegetable oil Fuels as Fuel for Diesel Engines, International Journal of Energy Conversion management, No.42, pp.529 538. Shaheed, A and Swain, E. (1999) Combustion Analysis of Coconut Oil and Its Methyl Esters in a Diesel Engine, Proceedings of Institute of Mechanical Engineers, Vol 213, Part A, pp. 417-425. Ramesh, A., Nagalingam, B. and Goparakrishnan, K.V. (1989) Performance of Glow Plug Surface Ignition Engine with Methyl ester of Rice Bran Oil as Fuel, Proceedings of XI National Conference on I.C. Engines and Combustion, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu state, India. Varaprasad, C.M., Muralikrishna, M.V.S and Prabhakar reddy, C. (1997) Investigations on Bio diesel (Esterified Jatropha Curcus Oil) in Diesel Engines XV National Conference on I.C. Engines and Combustion, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

RUBBER SEED

Soybean Plantation

Jatropha curcas