CHAPTER 2 : CARBON COMPOUND ESTER

Reactants
Ethanol + Methanoic acid

Ester name
Ethyl methanoate Methyl ethanoate Propyl ethanoate Ethyl propanoate Odour Banana Pineapple Orange Apple

Molecular formula
HCOOC2H5 CH3COOCH3 CH3COOC3H7 C2H5COOC2H5

1. General formula = CnH2n+1 COOCmH2m+1 Where n = 0, 1, 2, 3 and m = 1, 2, 3 RCOOR where R and R represented the same or different alkyl groups 2. Esters are non-hydrocarbons contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms 3. The functional group in ester is carboxylate group, COO -. 4. The name First part: taken from the alcohol (alkyl group) Second part: taken from the carboxylic acid (-oic to -oate)

Methanol + Ethanoic acid Propanol + Ethanoic acid Ethanol + Propanoic acid Ester

5. PHYSICAL

PROPERTIES OF ESTER

a. Esters have sweet pleasant smell b. Esters are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvent. c. The more complex esters have higher boiling points and less volatile d. Esters are covalent compound and less dense than water. e. Simple esters are colourless liquid and are found in fruits and flowers

3-metylbutyl acetate Ethyl butanoate Octyl ethanoate Isoamyl isovalerate

Natural sources: i. Fats are solid esters (milk fat) derived from glycerol and fatty acids ii. Vegetable oils (palm oil) and liquids esters can be found in plants derived from glycerol and fatty acids iii. Waxes (beewax) are solid ester derived from long-chain fatty acids and long-chain alcohols 6. USES

OF ESTER

a. Preparation of cosmetics and perfumes (esters are volatile and have sweet smell). b. Synthetic esters used as food additives (artificial flavour). c. Esters used to produce soap and detergents. d. Natural esters serves as storage reserve of energy in living things.