Information: Switching Network Switching Network (SN)

Information
Switching Network Switching Network (SN)

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Switching Network (SN)
Information Switching Network
Copyright (C) Siemens AG 1999.

Issued by the Public Communication Network Group Hofmannstrae 51 D-81359 Mnchen Technical modifications possible. Technical specifications and features are binding only insofar as they are specifically and expressly agreed upon in a written contract.
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This document consists of a total of 26 pages. All pages are issue 1.
Contents
1 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 4 5 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Path Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Path Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Traffic Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Link Interface Module between TSM and LTG (LIL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Time Stage Module (TSM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Link Interface Module between TSG and SSG (LIS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Space Stage Module (SSM8|15). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Space Stage Module (SSM16|16). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Switch Group Control (SGC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Link Interface Module between SGC and MBU:SGC (LIM) . . . . . . . . . . . . Switch Group Control (SGCI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 19 19 20 21 21 22 22 22
Safeguarding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
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1 Introduction
The Digital Electronic Switching System (EWSD) is equipped with a very powerful switching network (SN). By virtue of its high data transmission quality, the switching network can switch connections for various types of service (for example telephony, facsimile, teletext, data transmission). In a network node, switching network is the link between the following: Line trunk groups (LTGs) for speech and data connections LTGs and coordination processor (CP) for message exchange LTGs and common channel signaling network control (CCNC) for common channel signaling system no. 7 (CCS7) message exchange SN ensures full accessibility of each LTG by each LTG of the CP or CCNC by each LTG and vice versa of each LTG by the CP or CCNC Besides switching calls between line/trunk groups on the basis of information input by the subscriber, the switching network also switches the connections between the line/trunk groups and the coordination processor (CP). These connections, for the exchange of control data, are set up once only and then remain constantly available. They are therefore referred to as semipermanent connections. The line/trunk groups use these same connection paths for exchange of messages without imposing any load on the processing unit in the coordination processor. Semipermanent connections can also be set up for private lines or for common channel signaling. Position in the System The digital electronic switching system EWSD is devided into a number of functional areas that are largely independent in their operation. The Switching Network (SN) is part of the functional area Switching (Fig. 1.1).
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Access Analog, ISDN, V5.1
Switching
DLU
LTG
SN
Trunks, V5.2, PABX
LTG
Signaling SS7 links, high speed SS7 links CCNC/ SSNC
Control MB
CT
CP
CCG
Fig. 1.1 Features
EWSD functional areas and subsystems
The most significant features of the SN are: low space requirement negligible internal blocking high degree of functional integrity provided by duplication modular hardware ease of expansion use of the latest technology (NMOS and TTLLS) easy expansion one switching format for both speech and data signals (octets) single-channel connections broadcast connections (for application of signal sources) self-supervision
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Structure The switching network, to which up to 504 line/trunk groups (LTG) can be connected (SN:504LTG), can be employed in a number of optimized capacity stages (Tab. 5.1). A uniform switching network concept with modular expansion capabilities is available for all types and sizes of exchange. The capacity stages SN:126LTG, SN:252LTG and SN:504LTG are equipped with time stage groups TSGB and space stage groups SSGB The capacity stage SN:63LTG is only equipped with a combined time and space stage group. Like the rest of the EWSD hardware, the SN is housed in modules, frames and racks. For details of the mechanical design of the SN hardware, see Maintenance Manual Construction. external interfaces of the SN LTG1 SDC:LTG
Switching network (SN) Time stage group (TSGB) Space stage group (SSGB)
internal interfaces of the SN SDC:SSG
LTGn
SDC:LTG
CCNC
SDC:CCNC
SDC:SSG
MBU:LTG
SDC:TSG
Switching network control SGC
MBU:SGC
SDC:SGC
Switching network control SGC
Fig. 1.2 Interfaces
Functional units of the SN
There are uniform interfaces for external interfaces between: SN and LTG SN and CCNC SN and CP for internal interfaces between: time stage group and space stage group
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The interfaces comprise digital information lines (secondary digital carrier = SDC) for both directions of transmission, each accompanied by an exchange clock line and a frame mark bit line. The transmission formats on these lines are: information line 8192 kbit/s equal to 128 channel time slots exchange clock line 8192 kHz frame mark bit line 2 kHz External Interfaces External interfaces. to the line/trunk groups SDC:LTG between a time stage group (TSG) and a line/trunk group (LTG). Channel time slot 0 for communication between the LTG and the CP Channel time slots 1...127 for the subscriber connections to the common channel signaling network control SDC:CCNC between the switching network and a common channel signaling network control (CCNC). Common channel signaling (CCS) information is exchanged via the SDC:CCNC. to the coordination processor SDC:TSG between a message buffer unit for LTG (MBU:LTG) and a time stage group (TSG). Items of information are transferred via the SDC:TSG: between the LTG and the CP from LTG to LTG without involving the processing unit in the CP to the coordination processor SDC:SGC between a message buffer unit (MBU) and a switch group control (SGC). Commands from the CP to an SGC and messages from an SGC to the CP are transferred via the SDC:SGC.
Just as the switching network is duplicated, so is each of the four above-mentioned interfaces (e.g. every LTG is connected to SN0 and SN1). At these interfaces, the two directions of transmission are screened from one another but carried in the same cable. There is one secondary digital carrier for information, one exchange clock line and one frame mark bit line for each direction of transmission. Internal Interfaces SDC:SSG between a time stage group (TSG) and a space stage group (SSG). All types of connection can be carried via an SDC:SSG. Because of the duplicated switching network and because of the changeover-tostandby principle in SN:504LTG, SN:256LTG and SN:126LTG, this type of interface is always present in quadruplicate. At an SDC:SSG interface a separate cable is required for each direction of transmission. Each cable contains 8 secondary digital carriers for information (8x128 channel time slots), one exchange clock line and one frame mark bit line.
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2 Function
The modular structure of the EWSD switching network allows it to be partly equipped and then expanded in small stages if required. The following basic structures are used in EWSD switching networks: In large and very large exchanges the capacity stages of the switching network (SN:504LTG, SN:252LTG and SN:126LTG) include one time stage incoming (TSI) three space stages (SS) one time stage outgoing (TSO) Medium-sized and small exchanges (SN:63LTG and SN:15LTG) contain one time stage incoming (TSI) one space stage (SS) one time stage outgoing (TSO) In a time stage, the 8-bit code words (octets) can change time slots and highways between the input and output. In a space stage, the 8-bit code words can change highways between the input and output but remain in the same time slot. The EWSD switching network has full availability. This means that every 8-bit code word on an incoming highway entering the switching network can be switched to any time slot on an outgoing highway leaving the switching network. Fig. 2.1 shows a simplified diagram of a switching network for 63 LTGs. The grouping parameters shown refer to the number of 8192-kbit/s highways. All 8192-kbit/s highways have 128 channels with a transmission capacity of 64 kbit/s each (12864 = 8192 kbit/s).
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SN1 128 channel T TSI 4 4 16 16 4 S T TSO 4 SN0
TSM
SSM
TSI 128 channel 4 4 16 16 4
TSO 4
TSM
SSM
Example of a switched digital connection Fig. 2.1 Switching network for 63 LTGs (SN:63LTG), incoming time stages (TSI) and outgoing time stages (TSO) shown separately
The switching network is fully transparent to the 8-bit code words switched from the incoming channels to the outgoing channels that lead to the desired destination. This means that every bit in every 8-bit code word is transmitted to the output of the switching network unchanged, just as it appears at the input (bit integrity). The time slots in the switching network used for one through-connection form a 64-kbit/s connection path. There is no restriction on the possible variations of consecutive binary 0s and 1s on any 64-kbit/s connection path. In other words, there is bit sequence independence on all 64-kbit/s connection paths through the switching network. The time stages incoming (TSI) and time stages outgoing (TSO) are accommodated in pairs on common time stage modules (TSM). The diagram of the switching network in Fig. 2.2 and subsequent figures takes account of this physical pairing of TSI and TSO. Each block in the switching stages T and S represents a time stage module (TSM) or a space stage module (SSM). The figures shown on either side of the functional units in Fig. 2.1 and Fig. 2.2 are grouping parameters. In Fig. 2.2, each of the two grouping parameters 4 of a TSM means: four 8192 kbit/s incoming highways four 8192 kbit/s outgoing highways
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SN1 T+T TSI+ TSO 4 4 16 16 S SN0
TSM
SSM
TSI+ TSO 4 4 16 16
TSM Example of a switched digital connection Fig. 2.2
SSM
Switching network for 63 LTGs (SN:63LTG), incoming time stages (TSI) and outgoing time stages (TSO) shown together
EWSD switching networks are always duplicated: Switching networks for 504, 252 and 126 LTGs consist of two identical switching network planes 0 and 1. Switching networks for 63 and 15 LTGs consist of two identical switching network units 0 and 1 (SN0 and SN1). Switching network planes and switching network units are sometimes referred to as switching network sides. The two switching network planes of a switching network are each divided into time stage groups (TSG) and space stage groups (SSG). Types of Connection The switching network switches single-channel and broadcast connections at a bit rate of 64 kbit/s. Two connection paths are required per single-channel connection (e.g. from calling party A to called party B and from called party B to calling party A, Fig. 2.3). In broadcast connections, information is sent from one signal source to several signal sinks. In every connection through the switching network (single-channel, broadcast or semipermanent connection) the 8-bit code words appear at the output in the same time sequence in which they appeared at the input (digit sequence integrity). Some connections through the switching network are not simply set up as and when required like the subscriber connections but remain established. These are known as semipermanent connections.
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There are three categories of semipermanent connection: for CP/LTG and LTG/LTG communication and for supervision for common channel signaling for services CATEGORY 1 Semipermanent connections for CP/LTG and LTG/LTG communication and for supervision Each time stage group (TSG) of capacity stages SN:504LTG, SN:256LTG, SN:126LTG or switching network unit (SN:63LTG, SN:15LTG) is connected to one message buffer unit for line/trunk groups (MBU:LTG) and up to 63 LTGs. The connecting cables used here contain 8192-kbit/s highways for transmitting information in both directions. On all highways between the LTGs and the switching network, time slot 0 is reserved for communication between the LTGs and the CP and between the LTGs themselves. Items of information sent by an LTG to the CP or another LTG are carried in time slot 0 to the switching network. They are sent through the switching network in an assigned semipermanent channel. They are then sent to an MBU:LTG in the CP during a defined time slot on the highway. Complete items of information for the CP (messages) in the MBU:LTG are written to the input list and complete items of information for other LTGs (reports) are written to transfer lists. The reports place no load on the processing unit (PU) of the CP. The CP writes information for the LTGs (commands) into an output list. Complete commands in the output list and complete reports in the transfer list are transferred to an MBU:LTG. Commands and reports sent to an LTG from an MBU:LTG in the CP are carried in a fixed time slot on highway SDC:TSG to the switching network. They are sent through the switching network on an assigned semipermanent channel. They are then sent to the LTG in time slot 0. The two semipermanent channels used to exchange information between an LTG and an MBU:LTG form a semipermanent connection. Exchange of information between two LTGs takes place over two semipermanent connections. Like any other connection the semipermanent connections are switched through both switching network planes or units. But the actual information transfer takes place through one switching network plane or unit for half of the LTGs and through the other switching network plane or unit for the other LTGs (active semipermanent connections). The CP and the group processors (GP) however supervise all semipermanent connections through both switching network planes or units (active and passive). In this way the functions of the following units are monitored: modules in the connection path SDC:LTG interfaces line/trunk groups If a fault occurs, all active semipermanent connections are routed via the active switching network plane or unit. The category 1 semipermanent connections required in every exchange are set up before switching operations begin. The setting up is controlled by the coordination processor by means of a collective command for each switch group control (SGC). In other words, one collective command is used to set up each of the following: up to 64 semipermanent connection sections in a TSG up to 128 semipermanent connection sections in an SSG up to 64 semipermanent connections in a switching network unit for 63 LTGs up to 16 semipermanent connections in a switching network unit for 15 LTGs
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The data required for setting up the channels are stored in the SGC program memories. When the channels have been set up, the switching network is ready to operate.
LTG1
1b 1a
SN
LTG 63
63b 63a
CP
MBU: LTG
1a 63b
63a 1b
Fig. 2.3
Semipermanent connections for CP/LTG and LTG/LTG communication and for supervision in an SN:63LTG (category 1)
CATEGORY 2 Semipermanent connections for common channel signaling Semipermanent connections are also set up via MML commands for common channel signaling in the switching network. These carry the signaling information from the appropriate time slots on the line/trunk group (LTG) highways via the switching network to the common channel signaling network control (CCNC) and vice versa. The CCNC acts in the following main capacities: signaling transfer point (STP) Receiving incoming signaling information and sending it over the common channel signaling links to its destination. signaling end point (SEP) Forwarding incoming signaling information from common channel signaling links via the coordination processor (CP), the message buffer (MB) and category 1 semipermanent connections to specic LTGs. Receiving signaling information to be sent out from the LTGs via MB and CP and sending it over the common channel signaling links to its destination.
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LTG
1b 1a
SN
LTG
nb na
CCNC
1a nb
na 1b
CP
Fig. 2.4
Semipermanent connections for signaling transfer point traffic (category 2)
CATEGORY 3 Semipermanent connections for services MML commands can also be used to set up semipermanent connections through the switching network for various services such as private lines (Fig. 2.5). If category 2 and 3 semipermanent connections are required, these are set up by means of a separate command from the CP to the SGC for each connection. B A SN
LTG Subscriber
LTG Subscriber
A B
Fig. 2.5
Semipermanent connection for a private line (category 3)
2.1
Path Switching
The search for free paths through the switching network is conducted by the coordination processor (CP) using the seizure states for the connection paths in the switching
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network which are stored in memory at the time. The path selection procedure is always the same regardless of the capacity stage. The basic path search procedure involves selecting the two paths for a connection so that they are both switched via the same space stage part. When path selection is completed the coordination processor causes the same connection paths to be switched through both switching network planes or switching network units. A connection path is switched by the switch group controls (SGC). The throughconnection of a connection path in an SN:504LTG, SN:252LTG and SN:126LTG usually involves three (but at least two) switch group controls in both switching network planes, but only one SGC in the two switching network units of an SN:63LTG or SN:15LTG. All switch group controls involved receive a command necessary for switching from the CP. This setting command always has the same data format. In addition to the path selection data determined by the CP and the calling party and called party data, each setting command contains a different job code 2 which determines the task to be performed in the appropriate SGC (e.g. job code 2 = 145 means: the switch group control has to set the connection path in a time stage group with the data of a calling party). An SGC receives the setting command from the CP via the message buffer (MB), the secondary digital carrier between MBU:SGC and SGC (SDC:SGC) and its permanently allocated LIM in the SN. It determines the type of task to be performed on the basis of the job code 2. The SGC uses call processing programs and service routines to calculate the corresponding setting data. The setting data are used via the LIM to access the relevant TSM and/or SSM and switch the required connections (Fig. 2.6). On request from the CP a check can be made to see whether the connection has been made correctly. To do this the SGC calculates the setting and interrogating data from the data contained in the setting commands. The interrogating data are used to read out the addresses stored via the LIM in the TSM and/or SSM involved for the relevant connection and compare them with the setting address calculated in the SGC. If the addresses are the same the processing of the command is completed. On the rare occasions when there is a difference between the calculated and interrogated address the CP receives an appropriate message. When the connection request is complete the connection set is retained in the switching network. The setting addresses however are recognized by the CP as free in the next path selection operation. They can therefore be used for a further, new connection request.
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LTG of the calling party A
TSO SSM TSI TSM SSM
SN
SSM
LTG of the calling party B TSM CP MBU: SGC
TSO SSM TSI
Setting command
SGC/LIM
Fig. 2.6
Switching a connection in an SN:63LTG (duplication not shown)
2.2
Path Options
Fig. 2.7 shows the options available for setting up a connection path between two subscribers connected to different line/trunk groups (LTG). The highway from LTGx to the switching network has 128 time slots so there are 128 possible different paths. The group switch (GS) in LTGx switches the 8-bit code words arriving from the calling party's line circuit to one of these time slots. In the switching network, a time stage incoming (TSI) switches the incoming 8-bit code words to one of 128 time slots on one of 4 highways. Each of the 4 highways leads to a different space stage part (one quarter of the space stage configuration, e.g. in a switching network SN:504LTG this is one space stage group). Each space stage part is connected by one highway to the time stage outgoing (TSO). In other words there are 128x4 = 512 possible transmission paths through the switching network. The code words are transferred in the selected time slot from the time stage incoming via a part of the space stage to the time stage outgoing. The time stage outgoing switches these code words to one of the 128 time slots on the highway leading to LTGy. The group switch in LTGy forwards the code words on the called party's line circuit. In connection with the numbers of channels (time slots) mentioned above, it must be remembered that the semipermanent connections used for communication between the group processors in the LTGs and between the group
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processors and the coordination processor are also switched through the switching network. SN T LTGx 128 GP TSI 128 128 128 128 Space stage part 0
Calling party A
Space stage part 2
T Calling party B TSO LTGy 128 GP
Space stage part 2
Space stage part 3 Fig. 2.7 Connection path options from the calling party A to the calling party B
2.3
Trafc Capacity
The average traffic handling capacity is a feature which is of primary importance for exchange design. This, in addition to the capacity stage of the exchange, affects the occurrence of internal blocking in the switching network. Thanks to the high capacity of the EWSD switching network, the loss due to internal blocking under full load conditions is well below 10- 5 for the applications normally occurring in local and transit exchanges. Fig. 2.8 shows the loss due to internal blocking when setting up connections between specific channel time slots (lines) as a function of the mean traffic carried per channel and per highway. The curves shown refer to full-capacity switching networks. In partially-equipped switching networks or when partially-equipped line/trunk groups are connected, the point-to-point loss is even lower.
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Point-to-point loss *)
10-1 8 5 3 2 10-2 8 5 3 2 10-3 8 5 3 2 10- 4 8 5 3 2 10- 5 0,79 0,80 100 101 0,81 102 103 0,82 0,83 0,84 104 105 0,85 108 0,86 109 0,87 110 0,88 0,89 111 112 113 0,90 114 (=0,01%) (=0,1%) (=1%)
SN:504LTG SN:63LTG SN:15LTG
Mean traffic carried per channel (Erl.)
106 107
Mean traffic carried per highway (Erl.) Fig. 2.8 Point-to-point loss for mean traffic carried per channel or per highway
*) The loss for connections to outgoing trunk groups (point-to-trunk group loss) is only some 30% of the point-to-point loss.
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3 Hardware
3.1 Link Interface Module between TSM and LTG (LIL)
The switching network contains one LIL (link interface module between TSM and LTG) for every TSM. Four 8192-kbit/s highways lead from each LIL to the inputs of a time stage incoming (TSI) and four 8192-kbit/s highways lead from the outputs of a time stage outgoing (TSO) to an LIL. An LIL therefore contains four identical circuits. Each of these circuits is connected by a cable to a particular LTG or a particular MBU:LTG. Each cable contains an 8192-kbit/s incoming information line and an 8192 kbit/s outgoing information line and associated clock lines. In an exchange, the racks for line/trunk groups (R:LTG), and for message buffer and central clock generator (R:MB/CCG) are set up at varying distances from the switching network (max. 250 m). This gives rise to differences in propagation delay of information sent from the LTG and MBU:LTG to the switching network. The frame alignment buffers of the four circuits of an LIL compensate for these differences, i.e. they establish phase synchronization between the incoming lines. To do this the frame alignment buffers use frame mark bits. Each information signal is transferred via an 8192 kbit/s highway to a TSI. If the synchronization between the switching network and an LTG should fail, switching operations can still continue. At certain intervals, however, the write and read procedures of the frame alignment buffer may overtake each other. Since a frame alignment buffer holds the contents of an entire 125-microsecond period, this overtaking means that the contents of an entire 125-microsecond period are missed or repeated (slip). For a single-channel connection this means that a single 8-bit code word is missed out or repeated. In the opposite direction the information signals are sent from the time stage outgoing (TSO) via the LIL to the LTG and MBU:LTG. The information signals are buffered in the LIL, clock and frame mark bits are added to them and they are converted from TTL signals into balanced push-pull signals.
3.2
Time Stage Module (TSM)

A time stage module (TSM) contains one time stage incoming (TSI) and one time stage outgoing (TSO, Fig. 3.1). A switching network unit in an SN:63LTG or a time stage group (TSG) in an SN:504LTG, SN:252LTG or SN:126LTG contains a maximum of 16 TSMs. There are a maximum of 4 TSMs in a switching network unit in an SN:15LTG. Four 8192 kbit/s highways lead from a link interface module between TSM and LTG (LIL) to the TSI and four highways lead from the TSO to the same LIL. Each group of four highways connects the TSI outputs and the TSO inputs with: four different interface modules between TSG and SSG (LIS in a TSG) four different space stage modules 16|16 (SSM16I16 in a switching network unit of an SN:63LTG) one space stage module 16|16 (SSM16I16 in a switching network unit of an SN:15LTG) There are 128 channels on each highway. These channels are synchronized with the time slots and the 125-microsecond periods of the switching network.
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The 8-bit code words on each group of four incoming highways are written to the speech memory of a TSI or TSO in cycles (4128 = 512 different time slots). Speech memory areas 0 and 1 are used alternately in consecutive 125-microsecond periods for the writing of the code words. The connections to be switched determine the order in which the 8-bit code words are read out. The stored 8-bit code words are written to one of 512 freely-selectable time slots and passed on over four outgoing highways. TSM TSO 3 0 LIL 3 Fig. 3.1 Time stage module (TSM) TSI 3 3 0 SSM16I16 or LIS
0 LIL
0 SSM16I16 or LIS
3.3
Link Interface Module between TSG and SSG (LIS)

The link interface modules between TSG and SSG (LIS) are contained in both TSGs and SSGs. shows in simplified form the connections between the LISs in duplicated time and space stage groups. Each of these connections represents 8 separate 8192-kbit/s information lines, one exchange clock line and one frame mark bit line (Sect., Internal interfaces). If faults occur in TSGs or SSGs, the extra connection can be used to provide changeover to standby. In the transmit section of an LIS, eight incoming information signals are processed and each is forwarded over a separate 8192-kbit/s highway. The racks for switching network with time stage groups and for space stage groups are installed at varying distances from one another (max. 250 m). The propagation delay times for incoming information signals between the TSGs and the SSGs vary accordingly and are compensated for in the receive section of the LISs, i.e. phase synchronization between the incoming lines is established here. The frame alignment buffers use the frame mark bit for this purpose. The receive section of an LIS contains eight frame alignment buffers. As in the case of the LIL, the frame alignment buffers mentioned here are also designed to accommodate an entire 125 microsecond period of an incoming highway. If synchronization fails, switching operation is still possible. Use in a time stage group One output from each of up to eight time stage modules (TSM) is connected to the transmit section of an LIS over a separate 8192-kbit/s incoming highway. Up to eight 8192-kbit/s outgoing highways connect the receive section of the same LIS to one input each of the same TSM. All highways leading from the outputs and to the inputs of a group of 8 TSMs are connected to four LISs. There are 8 LISs in a TSG that is fully equipped with 16 TSMs. The signals are sent from the transmit section of an LIS in a TSG over two cables to the identically numbered LISs in both SSGs of a duplicated SSG. The signals are
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sent to the receive section of an LIS over two cables from the identically numbered LISs in both SSGs of a duplicated SSG. Use in a space stage group The signals are sent to the receive section of an LIS in an SSG over two cables from the identically numbered LISs in both TSGs of a duplicated TSG. The signals are sent from the transmit section of an LIS over two cables to the identically numbered LISs in both TSGs of a duplicated TSG. Eight 8192 kbit/s highways lead from the receive section of an LIS to a space stage module 8|15 (SSM8|15) and eight highways lead from the SSM8|15 to the transmit section of the same LIS. As there are sixteen SSM8I15s in a fully-equipped SSG, there are also sixteen LISs.
3.4
Space Stage Module (SSM8|15)

The space stage module 8|15 (SSM8|15, Fig. 3.2) contains one space stage 8|15 and one space stage 15|8. in one of the two space stages the 8-bit code words on the incoming highways are distributed as required to the outgoing highways. The 8-bit code words remain in the same time slot. Eight 8192-kbit/s incoming highways lead from a link interface module between TSG and SGG (LIS) to one space stage 8|15 (SS8|15) and eight 8192 kbit/s outgoing highways lead from one SS15|8 to the same LIS. Groups of fifteen highways link the outputs of one SS8|15 and the inputs of one SS15|8 with fifteen space stage modules16|16 (SSM16|16). One space stage group contains a maximum of 16 SSM8|15s. SSM16I16 0 0 0 LIS TSM or SSM8I15 TSM or SSM8I15 7 SS8I15 SSM8I15 0 SSM16I16 14
0 LIS SS15I8
0 SSM16I16 14
15 15
Fig. 3.2
Space stage modules (SSM16I16 and SSM8I16)
3.5
Space Stage Module (SSM16|16)

Sixteen 8192 kbit/s incoming highways with 128 channels each carry the code words to a space stage module 16|16 (SSM16|16, Fig. 3.2), from: 16 different space stage modules 8|15 (SSM8|15 in an SSG) or 16 different time stage modules (TSM in a switching network unit of an SN:63LTG) or 4 different time stage modules (TSM in a switching network unit of an SN:15LTG)
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An SSM16|6 switches the received code words in synchronism with the time slots and the 125-microsecond periods. Each consecutive time slot forms part of a different connection. The code words are distributed in space onto the 16 output highways but remain in the same time slot. The code words are sent over the 16 outgoing highways to the space stage modules 8|15 (in an SSG) or to the time stage modules (in a switching network unit of an SN:63LTG or SN:15LTG).
3.6
Switch Group Control (SGC)

The switch group control (SGC) consists of a microprocessor with its associated memory and peripheral chips. These are all interconnected via the address, data and control bus. The switch group control performs the following main functions: handling of commands The SGC determines from the command the function to be performed (e.g. setting of a connection). From the other bytes of the command the SGC calculates suitable information for the hardware controller (HWC) and initiates the execution of the command via the HWC. building messages The SGC evaluates results of interrogations and error reports and forms the appropriate messages for the CP. carrying out a routine test The SGC continuously carries out routine tests if there are no other outstanding requests. it tests such items as its own operability and that of the hardware controller.
3.7
Link Interface Module between SGC and MBU:SGC (LIM)

The link interface module between SGC and MBU:SGC (LIM, and) consists of an interface section, a hardware controller (HWC) and a clock generator. The following main functions can be implemented with these three subunits of the LIM: interface Exchange of messages and commands between the SGC and the CP via the MBU:SGC hardware controller Setting connections interrogating connections Rerouting of connections (only for capacity stages SN:504LTG, SN:252LTG and SN:126LTG Testing of hardware controller operability With all these functions the HWC is controlled by the SGC. clock generator Generating the required switching network clocks Ensuring frame alignment between message buffer and switching network.
3.8
Switch Group Control (SGCI)

A switch group control with link interface to the message buffer (SGCI) only occurs in capacity stage SN:15LTG. It contains a complete SGC and the interface to the hardware controller of an LIM. For the corresponding functions see SGC and LIM.
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4 Safeguarding
Supervision of the Modules in the Connection Path, SDC:LTG Interfaces and Line/Trunk Groups The line/trunk groups (LTG) and the coordination processor (CP) communicate via semipermanent connections in the switching network. The same semipermanent channels are switched through both switching network planes or switching network units. At least one semipermanent channel passes through each module in the connection path. Whenever a module in the connection path, an SDC:LTG interface or a line/trunk group is defective, at least one semipermanent channel becomes unavailable. Since HDLC information transmission is HDLC safeguarded, the CP constantly monitors all semipermanent channels and can therefore: quickly recognize connection path faults independently of switching operations, and simply and quickly isolate connection path faults Supervision of the Switch Group Control When there are no interrupts pending, no commands to be processed and no messages or acknowledgments to be issued, the routine test program (lowest interrupt level) runs in the switch group controls (SGC). The routine test program tests various functional units of the SGC and LIM or SGCI. The SGC informs the CP if it detects any faults. If an interrupt occurs or if there is a message to be issued, the routine test program is interrupted. The CP can call the routine test program with a command for test and diagnosis procedures. In addition the CP checks at regular intervals (e.g. every 2 minutes) whether the SGCs are functioning, using one cycle command per SGC. Among other things, such commands determine whether a microprocessor check has been carried out at least once during the last 2 minutes. The cycle command also resets the phaselocked loop (PLL) supervisory unit or reenables it. Supervision of the SDC:SGC Interface The use of an HDLC procedure ensures that data are transmitted across the interface without error. The interface itself is supervised by a handshaking procedure and by the transmission of flags when no data are being transmitted. In addition, the cycle command mentioned in Sect. covers all components of the interface and checks that they are functioning correctly. Supervision of the Connection Paths Cross office check Before a call is established the two connection paths that have been set up (calling party called party and called party calling party) are checked. A line/trunk group carries out the cross-office check (COC) for a connection. Each LTG always sends the contents of the idle incoming channels from the switching network back to the switching network over outgoing channels with the same number. This feature of the LTG is made use of for the cross office check. Both connection paths can be checked simultaneously by one LTG in a cross-office check. The LTG of the calling party sends a test bit pattern over the connection path set up through the switching network to the LTG of the called party. The LTG of the called party automatically sends the same test bit pattern back over the second connection path to the LTG of the calling party. The LTG of the calling party compares the test bit pattern
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received with that sent. If there is an error in the received bit pattern, the group processor (GP) in the LTG of the calling party transfers a message to report this to the coordination processor. If the bit pattern is received correctly, the connection paths are switched through.
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5 Technical Data
Optimized capacity stages (all functional units duplicated) No. of LTGs that can be connected Structure (T=time stage S=space stage) SN:504LTG SN:252LTG SN:126LTG SN:63LTG SN:15LTG
504
252
126
63
15
TSSST
TSSST
TSSST
TST
TST
Max. traffic which 25 200 can be throughconnected (Erl) Local exchange: No. of subscriber lines *) Transit exchange: No. of subscriber lines *) 240 000
12 600
6 300
3 150
750
120 000
60 000
30 000
7 500
60 000
30 000
15 000
7 500
1 800
*) combined local/transit exchanges are also possible within the above-mentioned capacity limits Tab. 5.1 Optimized capacity stages <10- 4 Bit rate 8192 kbit/s Time slots (connection 128 paths) Connection path bit rate 64 kbit/s (8192 kbit/s:128)
Internal blocking Multiplex lines (between switching network and line/trunk groups and between switching network modules) No. of connection paths
Single-channel connec- 2 tion (64 kbit/s from calling party called party and 64 kbit/s from calling party called party) 512 From a time stage incoming to a time stage outgoing 8192 kHz 2 kHz (frame mark bit)
Clocks
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Operating voltage Supply voltage Technologies used in the modules at the interfaces microprocessors and memory
+5 V 5% -48 V or -60 V Schottky-clamped low-power transistor-transistor logic (TTLLS) Schottky-clamped transistor-transistor logic (TTLS) Silicon-Gate-N-type channel metaloxide semiconductor field-effect transistor
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A30828-X1130-K300-1-7618

Information: Switching Network Switching Network (SN)

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Switching Network Switching Network (SN)

Switching Network (SN)