In electronics, computer science and mathematics, a digital filter is a system that performs mathematical operations on a sampled, discrete-time signal

to reduce or enhance certain aspects of that signal. Analog filter, which is an electronic circuit operating on continuous-time analog signals. An analog signal may be processed by a digital filter by first being digitized and represented as a sequence of numbers, then manipulated mathematically, and then reconstructed as a new analog signal.

A digital filter is characterized by its transfer function, or equivalently, its difference equation. Mathematical analysis of the transfer function can describe how it will respond to any input. As such, designing a filter consists of developing specifications appropriate to the problem (for example, a second-order low pass filter with a specific cut-off frequency), and then producing a transfer function which meets the specifications. The transfer function for a linear, time-invariant, digital filter can be expressed as a transfer function in the Zdomain

Filter design is the process of designing a, that satisfies a set of requirements, some of which are contradictory. The purpose is to find a realization of the filter that meets each of the requirements to a sufficient degree to make it useful. Certain parts of the design process can be automated, but normally an experienced electrical engineer is needed to get a good result.

Two types
 IIR  FIR

Infinite impulse response, or IIR, contains internal state, and the output and the next internal state are determined by a linear combination of the previous inputs and outputs (in other words, they use feedback, which FIR filters normally do not).

Finite impulse response, or FIR, filters express each output sample as a weighted sum of the last N inputs, where N is the order of the filter. Since they do not use feedback, they are inherently stable

The Butterworth filter is a type of signal processing filter designed to have as flat a frequency response as possible in the passband so that it is also termed a maximally flat magnitude filter.

Conversion of discrete time specification to continuous time Application of Filter Formula Find N and Cutoff frequency Find pole pairs with the help of N and Cutoff frequency Find the transfer Function in Laplace Domain Convert the Laplace Transform to Ztransform