1.

Combustion Products
If fuel burnt fully, then all carbon and hydrogen are changed into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). If any Sulphur and nitrogen are present in the fuel, are converted into sulphur oxides (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). These will all be released as gases. If the fuel/waste consist other elements, such as metals, it will produce a solid residue or ash. It is 10% of by weight of original waste/fuel.

2. Incomplete Combustion
Partial burning of fuel results in the production of large number detrimental organic and went out with exhaust gases. If a fuel consist chlorine, then partial burning can resulted to fabrication of things called dioxins and furans. Once emitted into the environment they get into the food chain, persist for long times and accumulate in the fatty tissue of animals and causes health problems such as liver disease, certain cancers, developmental, immune system problems etc. Incineration of waste substances changes the waste into ash, flue gas, and heat.

Ash:
The solid materials remained after the burning. The ashes are formed by the inorganic wastes components, and may be formed solid lumps or particulates carried by the flue gas.

Flu gases:
Flue gases are gases, which go out to the atmosphere through a flue, which is a pipe or channel for transferring of exhaust gases from a fireplace. The flue gases should be free of contaminants, such as particulate pollutants, and then they are dispersed into the atmosphere.

Heat:
The incineration is a high temperature process, so lot of heat is produced..

Principle of incinerator
An incinerator works on the principle of recovering of energy from waste, which can be clearly depicted by the figure-2