Functional Groups

What is the family name?

alkanes
H
Only carbon and hydrogen All single bonds

H C H H

C H

Q: What should you call cyclic hydrocarbons made up o of just single bonds? A: Cycloalkanes

alkenes
Only carbon and hydrogen A carbon to carbon double bond

H C H C

Q: What should you call a molecule with two C=Cs? A: A diene

alcohols
Only one oxygen Has an O-H group Can classify as 1/2/3 H according to position of O-H group on carbon skeleton
H C H H C H O H

Q: Why are short-chain alcohols so soluble in water? A: They can form hydrogen bonds with H2O molecules

phenols
Only one oxygen Has an O-H group The O-H group is directly attached to a benzene ring
O H

Q: The C6H5- group has a special name. What is it? A: Phenyl

aldehydes
Only one oxygen Has a C=O group C=O group is at the end of carbon chain, so is next door to a hydrogen atom

H O H C H C H

Q: Aldehydes can be easily oxidised to form ? A: Carboxylic acids

ketones
Only one oxygen Has a C=O group C=O group is not H at the end of carbon chain, so is next door to 2 carbons

H C H

O C

H C H H

Q: Ketones cannot easily be oxidised. Why not? A: No hydrogen atom attached to the C=O group.

carboxylic acids
Has 2 oxygens Has O-H and C=O groups on the same carbon atom H This -COOH group has to be at the end of a carbon chain (why?)

H O C H C O H

Q: Write an equation showing how ethanoic acid can a act as a (weak) acid. A: CH3COOH(aq) CH3COO(aq) + H+(aq)

esters
Has 2 oxygens One oxygen is part of a C=O bond, the H other is next door, sandwiched between two carbons
H O H C H H C O C H

Q: This ester can be made by reacting ethanoic acid with a an alcohol. Name the alcohol, and name the ester. A: Alcohol = methanol; ester = methyl ethanoate

ethers
Has 1 oxygen No O-H or C=O group H The oxygen is sandwiched between two carbon atoms
H C H H C H O H C H H

Q: Why do ethers have much lower boiling points t than their isomeric alcohols? A: No hydrogen bonds between ether molecules (why?)

What family? quiz

Family names: cycloalkane alkene primary (1) alcohol secondary (2) alcohol tertiary (3) alcohol phenol aldehyde ketone carboxylic acid ester ether are you ready?

5 4 3 2 1 GO!

What family does it belong to? (1)

H C H C H H

What family does it belong to? (2)

H O H C H C H

What family does it belong to? (3)

H H H C H O C H H C H H

What family does it belong to? (4)

H C H O H

What family does it belong to? (5)

H H

What family does it belong to? (6)

H O H H C H H C O C H

What family does it belong to? (7)

H H C H O C H C H H

What family does it belong to? (8)

O H

What family does it belong to? (9)

H H C H H O C H C O H

What family does it belong to? (10)

H H H H C H H C H C O H H C H

What family does it belong to? (11)

H C H H C H H

Answers: What family? quiz (1)

H C H C H H

alkene

Answers: What family? quiz (2)

H O H C H C H

aldehyde

Answers: What family? quiz (3)

H H H C H O C H H C H H

secondary alcohol

Answers: What family? quiz (4)

H C H O H

primary alcohol

Answers: What family? quiz (5)

H H

ether

Answers: What family? quiz (6)

H O H H C H H C O C H

ester

Answers: What family? quiz (7)

H H C H O C H C H H

ketone

Answers: What family? quiz (8)

O H

phenol

Answers: What family? quiz (9)

H H C H H O C H C O H

carboxylic acid

Answers: What family? quiz (10)

H H H H C H H C H C O H H C H

tertiary alcohol

Answers: What family? quiz (11)

H C H H C H H

cycloalkane

Spot the functional groups quiz

Functional groups: alkene primary (1) alcohol secondary (2) alcohol tertiary (3) alcohol phenol arene (NEW!) aldehyde ketone carboxylic acid ester ether are you ready?

5 4 3 2 1 GO!

Spot both the functional groups (1)

OH

phenol
OH

carboxylic acid

Spot all three functional groups (2)

O

ester
O O

carboxylic acid
OH

arene

Spot both the functional groups (3)

OH O

phenol
O

ester

Spot both the functional groups (4)

primary alcohols
HO OH OH

secondary alcohol

Spot all three functional groups (5)

O

ketone

OH

tertiary alcohol

alkene

Spot all three functional groups (6)

aldehyde
H

alkene arene

Spot all three functional groups (7)

OO

ketone arene
OOCH3 CH

ether

Functional groups quiz: results

Maximum score = 18 How did you do?