1.

Some Basic Phrases

God morgon Good Morning God kvll Good Evening Hej d / Adj (more formal) Goodbye Tack (s mycket) Thank you (very much) Ja / Nej Yes / No Hur r det? / Hur har du det? How are you? Bra Good / Fine Vad heter du? What's your name? Jag heter... I am called... Trevligt att trffas! Pleased to meet you! Varifrn kommer du? Where are you from? Var bor du? Where do you live? Hur gammal r du? How old are you? Hej / Goddag Hello / Good Day God natt Good Night Var snll Please Ingen orsak / Var s god Don't mention it / You're welcome Herr / Fru / Frken Mister / Misses / Miss Hur mr du? How are you? (How are you feeling?) Inte s bra. Not so good Vad r ditt namn? What's your name? Mitt namn r... My name is... Vlkommen! Welcome! Jag kommer frn... I'm from... Jag bor i... I live in... Jag r ___ r (gammal). I am ____ years old.

Talar du svenska? Do you speak Swedish?

Jag talar englska. I speak English.

danska, norska, franska, italienska, spanska, tyska, hollndska, ryska, japanska Danish, Norwegian, French, Italian, Spanish, German, Dutch, Russian, Japanese Ja, lite grann. Yes, a little bit. Jag frstr [inte.] I [don't] understand. Urskta / Frlt Excuse me / Pardon me Vi ses senare / snart See you later / soon Jag lskar dig. I love you. Nej, inte alls. No, not at all. Jag vet [inte.] I [don't] know. Ha det s bra! Take care! Hej / Hej d Hi / Bye Jag saknar dig. I miss you.

2. Pronunciation
Swedish letter(s) ch ck g g g gj k q sch ti(on) tj v, w x z English sound sh k g before a, o, u, , or unstressed e j before e, i, y, , and after l or r k before t j soft ch sound, before e, i, y, , k sh sh soft ch sound v ks s

3. Alphabet

ah

k l

kaw el

u ooh v x y z vay eks ew say-tah aw (with lips rounded) eh (as in bed)

b bay c say

m em n o p q r s t en oh pay koo air ess tay

d day e f ay ef

g gay h haw i j ee yee

er (with lips rounded)

4. Nouns and Cases

Nouns in Swedish have two genders, common and neuter, which adjectives must agree with when modifying nouns. These genders are signified by the indefinite articles: en and ett. In the vocabulary lists, a noun followed by (n) means that it is a neuter noun and it takes the indefinite article ett. The majority of nouns in Swedish are common gender, so they take the indefinite article en. The only case of nouns that is used in Swedish is the genitive (showing possession), and it is easily formed by adding an -s to the noun. This is comparable to adding -'s in English to show posession.

5. Articles and Demonstratives

There are two indefinite articles (corresponding to a and an) in Swedish: en and ett. En is used with most of the nouns (words denoting people almost always use en), but you will just have to learn which article goes with which noun. The definite article (the) is not a separate word like in most other languages. It is simply a form of the indefinite article attached to the end of the noun. En words Ett words

Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite en banan a banana bananen the banana ett bord a table bordet the table en stol stolen ett kk a kitchen kket the kitchen a chair the chair en gata a street gaten the street ett pple an apple pplet the apple This, that, these and those are expressed in Swedish by using den, det or de plus the word hr (here) and dr (there). The noun is always in the definite form after these demonstratives. And if any adjectives follow the demonstrative, they must add an -a to the ending. with en words with ett words with plural words

this / these that / those

den hr biljetten - this ticket den dr biljetten - that ticket

det hr tget - this train det dr tget - that train

de hr biljetterna these tickets de dr tgen - those trains

6. Subject (Nominative) Pronouns

Subject Pronouns jag du han hon den det yah doo hahn hohn den deh I you (singular) he she it (with en words) it (with ett words) one vi ni de vee nee we you (plural)

dahm they

man mahn

Note: Man can be translated as one, we, they or the people in general. When referring to nouns as it, you use den for en nouns, and det for ett nouns. Formerly, du was the informal you and ni was the formal, but these distinctions are rarely used anymore.

7. To Be and to Have
The present and past tenses of verbs in Swedish are very simple to conjugate. All the forms are the same for each personal pronoun. The infinitive of the verb to be in Swedish is vara, and the conjugated present tense form is r and the past tense is var. The infinitive of the verb to have is ha, and the conjugated present tense form is har and the past tense is hade. vara - to be jag r I am I was you are du r you were han r he was he is hon r she was she is den r it was it is det r it was it is man r one was one is vi r we are we were you are ni r you were they are de r they were ha - to have jag var I have jag har I had du var you have du har you had han var he has han har he had hon var she has hon har she had den var it has den har it had det var it has det har it had man var one has man har one had vi var we have vi har we had ni var you have ni har you had de var they have de har they had

jag hade du hade han hade hon hade den hade det hade man hade vi hade ni hade de hade

To form the future tense of verbs, just add ska before the infinitive. Jag ska vara = I will be; hon ska ha = she will have; etc.

8. Useful Words
sometimes ibland always never often usually now and but or very here there also another alltid aldrig ofta vanligen nu och men eller mycket hr dr med already redan perhaps kanske bda both ngon, ngot, some ngra igen, ter again between mellan a lot, mnga many of naturligtvis course a little lite gran not at all inte alls almost nstan really? there det r is/are too bad

9. Question Words
Who What Why When Where vem vad varfr nr var Whose Which Where to Where from How vems vilken, vilket, vilka vart varifrn hur

Which has three different forms depending on the gender and number of the noun that follows it. Vilken is used with en words, vilket is used with ett words and vilka is used with plural words.

10. Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 noll en, ett tv tre fyra fem sex 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th frsta andra tredje fjrde femte sjtte

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1,000

sju tta nio tio elva tolv tretton fjorton femton sexton sjutton arton nitton tjugo tjugoen, tjugoett tjugotv trettio fyrtio femtio sextio sjuttio ttio nittio hundra tusen

7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 30th 40th 50th 60th 70th 80th 90th 100th 1,000th

sjunde ttonde nionde tionde elfte tolfte trettonde fjortonde femtonde sextonde sjuttonde artonde nittonde tjugonde tjugofrsta tjugoandra trettionde fyrtionde femtionde sextionde sjuttionde ttionde nittionde hundrade tusende

million en miljon billion en miljard trillion en biljon

11. Days of the Week / Veckans dagar

Monday Tuesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday day morning afternoon evening mndag tisdag torsdag fredag lrdag sndag dag morgon eftermiddag afton (before 6 pm) / kvll

Wednesday onsdag

night today tomorrow tonight yesterday last night week weekend daily weekly

natt idag imorgon ikvll igr igr natt vecka helg daglig veckotalig or var/varje vecka

Note: To say "on" a certain day, use p before the day.

12. Months of the Year / rets mnader

January February March April May June July August October januari februari mars april maj juni juli augusti oktober

September september November november December december month year monthly yearly mnad r mnatalig or var/varje mnad rlig

Note: To say "in" a certain month, use i before the month.

13. Seasons
Winter Spring Summer Fall vinter vr sommar hst in (the) winter in (the) spring in (the) summer in (the) fall p vintern p vren p sommaren p hsten

Note: You can also use i before the names of the months to express this: i vinter = this winter

14. Directions
North South East West norr sder ster vster

15. Colors
orange pink purple blue yellow red black brown gray white green orange skr, skrt, skra lila bl, bltt, bla gul, gult, gula rd, rtt, rda svart, svart, svarta brun, brunt, bruna gr, grtt, gra vit, vitta, vita grn, grnt, grna

Note: Since colors are adjectives, most of them decline according to which words they are used with. The first word above is used with en words, the second with ett words and the third with plural words. Some words remain the same for all three. Another color is rosa (also indeclinable) which means pink or rose-colored.

16. Time / Tid

What time is it? (It is) 2 AM 2 PM 6:20 half past 3 quarter past 4 quarter to 5 10 past 11 20 to 7 noon midnight in the morning in the evening It's exactly... Vad r klockan? Klockan r tv p natten 14.00 (but said as tv) tjugo ver sex halv fyra kvart ver fyra kvart i fem tio ver elva tjugo i sju mitt p dagen midnatt p morgonen p kvllen den r precis

At 8. early late(r)

omkring tta tidigt sent (senare)

17. Weather / Vder

How's the weather today? Hur r vdret idag? It's cold beautiful hot clear icy warm windy cloudy hazy muggy humid foggy It's snowing It's raining It's freezing det r kallt vackert hett klart isig varm vindigt molnigt disigt rtt fuktigt dimmigt det snar det regnar det r kallt/kyligt

18. Family / Familj

Parents Mother Father Son Daughter Brother Sister Grandfather Grandmother Grandson Granddaughter Niece Nephew Cousin Uncle Aunt Boy frldrar mamma / mor / moder pappa / far / fader son dotter bror syster farfar (father's father) / morfar (mother's father) farmor (father's mother) / mormor (mother's mother) sonson (son's son) / dotterson (daughter's son) sondotter (son's daughter) / dotterdotter (daughter's daughter) brorsdotter (brother's daughter) / systerdotter (sister's daughter) brorson (brother's son) / systerson (sister's son) kusin farbror (father's brother) / morbror (mother's brother) faster (father's sister) / moster (mother's sister) pojke

Girl Man Woman Friend (m) Friend (f)

flicka man kvinna vn vninna

19. To Know People and Facts

knna - to know people present knner past knde future ska knna

veta - to know facts vet visste ska veta

20. Formation of Plural Nouns

An en word takes one of the following endings when it is pluralized: or, ar, er. An ett word takes an n or no ending at all. Indefinite Plural drop -a and add -or drop -e and add -ar add -er add -n no ending en klocka klockor en pojke pojkar en kamrat kamrater ett stlle stllen ett rum - rum a watch - (some) watches a boy - (some) boys a friend - (some) friends a place - (some) places a room - (some) rooms

En words that end in -a En words that end in -e En words with stress on last vowel Ett words that end in a vowel Ett words that end in a consonant

To form the definite plural, you must first form the indefinite plural and then add these endings to that word. klockor klockorna (some) watches - the watches

Indef. Plural En words

add -na

stllen Indef. Plural Ett words that end in add -a stllena a vowel Indef. Plural Ett words that end in add -en rum - rumen a consonant

(some) places - the places (some) rooms - the rooms

There are some nouns that change their vowel in the plural. These nouns usually take the -er ending when forming the indefinite plural. en natt - ntter en stad stder en hand hnder en tand tnder en strand strnder en rand rnder ett land lnder a night - nights a town - towns a hand - hands a tooth - teeth a beach beaches en bonde - bnder en ledamot ledamter en fot - ftter en rot - rtter en bok - bcker a farmer - farmers a member members a foot - feet a root - roots a book - books a man - men the man - the men

a stripe - stripes en man - mn a country countries mannen - mnnen

21. Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns

my / mine your / yours his / her / its / their his / his her / hers its / its our / ours your / yours their / theirs

with en words with ett words with plural words min mitt mina din ditt dina sin hans hennes dess vr er deras sitt hans hennes dess vrt ert deras sina hans hennes dess vra era deras

The same forms are used for possessive adjectives that are used directly before nouns and for possessive pronouns that replace a noun. For example, this is my car and this is mine would be translated as det hr r min bil and det hr r min. Sin, sitt and sina can only be used when the third person possessive adjective refers to the subject of the same clause. These words can be translated as his, her, its or their. Generally, if you cannot insert "own" after the possessive adjective in English, you cannot use sin/sitt/sina. Sin/sitt/sina cannot be used with the subject because it is not referring to anything else.

Per besker sin mamma. = Per visits his (own) mother. (Sin refers back to Per.) Eva ringer hans mamma. = Eva calls his mother. (Hans refers to Per, not Eva.)

22. To Do/Make and To Become

present past future

gra - to do/make gr gjorde ska gra

bli - to become blir blev ska bli

23. Work and School

actor actress author baker baker's shop bookseller bookshop businessman butcher butcher's shop pharmacist pharmacy cook customer dentist doctor employee engineer fisherman gardener hairdresser jeweler journalist judge lawyer mechanic skrifstllare musician bagare nurse official bokhandlare optician (eye boklda doctor) painter slaktare photographer policeman apotekare postman apotek (n) priest kokerska publisher kund scientist tandlkare shoemaker lkare shop, store singer ingenir student surgeon trdgrdsmstare tailor hrfrisr teacher juvelerare typist journalist workman skdespelare domare advokat montr musiker sjukskterska mbetsman mlare fotograf polikonstapel brevbrare frlggare skomakare butik sngare kirurg skrddare lrare maskinskriverska arbetare

24. Prepositions
Prepositions of Position/Location vid by, at, next to position next to something with no contact position on something that is seen as line or surface with contact; also used with islands, addresses, and p on, in, at particular places, such as bank, post office, cinema, hospital, library, etc. i in position in something that is seen to have volume

(room, containers, etc.); also used with countries, cities, villages, etc. at the house used when someone is at someone else's house or hos of place of business Prepositions of Direction/Movement till to frn from genom through lngs along ver across, over mot towards, to Three exceptions to using p with particular places include school, work, and the shop: i skolan, i affren, i kyrkan.

25. Countries and Nationalities

Africa African America American Argentina Argentine Asia Asian Australia Australian Austria Austrian Belgium Belgian Brazil Brazilian Canada Canadian China Chinese Denmark Dane Egypt Egyptian England Englishman Europe European Finland Finn France Frenchman German Germany Great Britain British Amerika Greece amerikan Greek Argentina Holland argentinare Dutchman Asien Hungary Hungarian Ireland Irishman sterrike Italy Italian Belgien Japan belgier Japanese Brasilien Norway brasilianare Norwegian Poland Pole Kina Portugal kines Portuguese Danmark Russia dansk Russian Scotland Scotsman England Spain engelsman Spaniard Europe Sweden europ Swede Switzerland Swiss Frankrike Turkey fransman Turk Tyskland United tysk States Afrika Storbritanien Grekland grek Holland hollndare Ungern Irland irlndare Italien italienare Japan japanes Norge norrman Polen polak Portugal portugis Ryssland ryss Skottland skotte Spanien spanior Sverige svensk Schweiz schweizare Turkiet Frenta Staterna

26. Negative Sentences

To make a sentence negative in Swedish, simply add inte after the verb. If there is an auxiliary verb and a main verb, inte goes between the two. In addition, if you answer "yes" to a negative question, you must use jo instead of ja.

27. Short Answers

A yes/no question can be answered with a short phrase, just as in English, except in Swedish the main verb is not usually repeated. Instead, the verb gra (to do/make) is used with the pronoun det and the subject of the question. Some verbs are not replaced by gra and are repeated in the short answer, such as vara and ha. Ja (or Nej) + det + gr (if in present) or gjorde (if in past) + Subject + inte (if the answer is nej) Arbetar hon hr? Does she work here? Ja, det gr hon. Yes, she does. Nej, det gr hon inte. No, she doesn't. r de glad? Are they happy? Ja, det r de. Yes, they are. Nej, det r de inte. No, they are not.

28. To Come and To Go

present past future

komma - to come kommer kom ska komma

g - to go gr gick ska g

29. Common Auxiliary Verbs

kunna - to be able vilja - to want to, can to present kan vill past kunde ville

f - to be allowed to fr fick

--- have to, must mste mste

present past

skola - have to ska skulle

bra- should, ought to br brde

bruka - usually, used to brukar brukade

behva - need to behver behvde

Vi kan tala engelska. We can speak English. Han kunde inte spela. He could not play. Sven vill sova. Sven wants to sleep. Hon vill ha kaffe. She wants coffee. (When vilja is followed by a noun, ha is added before the noun.) Du fr rka. You may smoke. De mste g hem nu. They must go home now. Du fr inte rka. You must not smoke. (Must not is translated with fr inte rather than mste inte.) Jag brukar dricka kaffee efter lunch. I usually drink coffee after lunch. (Brukar in the present tense means usually + main verb.)

30. Conjugating Regular Verbs

Infinitives in Swedish end in -a. To form the present tense of verbs, either add -r or remove the -a and add -er. The same form is used for all subject pronouns. To form the past tense, add -de to the present tense form of -ar verbs and to the stem of -er verbs (infinitive minus -a). But if the stem ends in a voiceless consonant (p, t, k, and s), then add -te instead.

Infinitive tala ppna frga ringa kpa rka

Present to talk talar to open ppnar to ask frgar to ring ringer to buy kper to rker smoke

talk(s) open(s) ask(s) ring(s) buy(s)

Past talade ppnade frgade ringde kpte

talked opened asked rang bought smoked

smoke(s) rkte

31. Reflexive Verbs

Some verbs in Swedish are reflexive verbs, in that the action by the subject is performed by itself. This is comparable to the -self or -selves pronouns used in English with some verbs, such as he behaves himself. Most of the time, verbs that are reflexive in Swedish are not reflexive in English. To conjugate these verbs, simply add these pronouns after the verb: mig (mej) myself oss ourselves dig (dej) yourself er yourselves sig (sej) himself/herself/itself sig (sej) theirselves The forms in parentheses are used in colloquial (spoken and written) Swedish. In fact, mig, dig and sig are pronounced as if they were written mej, dej and sej.

32. Present and Past Perfect

The present and past perfect tenses consist of two parts: ha/hade and the supine form of the main verb. This is a compound tense that corresponds to has/have/had and a past participle in English. The main difference between Swedish and English in this tense, however, is that Swedish uses the supine form of the verb instead of the past participle. To form the supine, -ar verbs add -t to the infinitive (or replace -r with -t if using the present tense); while -er verbs replace -a with -t in the infinitive (or drop -er and add -t if using the present tense). Infinitive ppna frga lsa kpa Present tense ppnar frgar lser kper Supine ppnat frgat lst kpt Translation opened asked read bought

Jag ha lst boken. I have read the book. Hon hade ppnat drren. She had opened the door.

33. Irregular Past and Supine Forms

Some -er verbs (and never -ar verbs) have irregular past and supine forms. Sometimes these involve a vowel change and lack of ending. Infinitive Past binda band brinna brann dricka drack finna fann frsvinna hinna rinna sitta slippa spricka springa sticka vinna bita gripa lida rida skina skriva frsvann hann rann satt slapp sprack sprang stack vann bet grep led red sken skrev Translations to bind / bound / bound to burn / burned / burned to drink / drank / drunk to find / found / found to disappear / disappeared / frsvunnit disappeared hunnit to manage / managed / managed to run, flow / ran, flowed / run, runnit flowed suttit to sit / sat / sat to get out of / got out of / gotten sluppit out of spruckit to split / split / split sprungit to run / ran / run stuckit to stick / stuck / stuck vunnit to win / won / won bitit to bite / bit / bitten gripit to grip / gripped / gripped lidit to suffer / suffered / suffered ridit to ride / rode / ridden skinit to shine / shone / shone skrivit to write / wrote / written Supine bundit brunnit druckit funnit

slita stiga tiga vrid bjuda ljuga sjunga skjuta bryta flyga flyta frysa knyta krypa

slet steg teg vred bjd ljg sjng skt brt flg flt frs knt krp

slitit stigit tigit vridit bjudit ljugit sjungit skjutit brutit flugit flutit frusit knutit krupit

to wear out / wore out / worn out to rise / rose / risen to be silent / was silent / been silent to turn / turned / turned to invite / invited / invited to lie / lied / lied (to tell a lie) to sing / sang / sung to shoot / shot / shot to break / broke / broken to fly / flew / flown to float / floated / floated to freeze / froze / frozen to tie up / tied up / tied up to crawl / crawled / crawled

34. Short Verbs

A few infinitives in Swedish do not end in -a. These are short verbs and they end in a long, stressed vowel. The infinitive is the same as the imperative, and the present tense is formed by adding -r. The past tense if formed by adding -dde to the infinitive, and the supine is formed by adding -tt to the infinitive. However, a few of the short verbs have an irregular form in the past. Infinitive / Imperative Present Tense Past Tense

Supine Translation

Short verbs with a regular past tro tror trodde ske sker skedde n nr ndde bo bor bodde m mr mdde kl klr kldde Short verbs with an irregular past fick f fr gick g gr gav ge ger sg se ser dog d dr stod st str bad be ber trott skett ntt bott mtt kltt ftt gtt gett sett dtt sttt bett believe, think happen reach live feel (of health) dress get, receive go, walk give see die stand ask, pray

35. Irregular Verbs

Several verbs in Swedish are considered irregular because they do not follow the rules for the different conjugations. These forms need to be memorized since these verbs are very common.

Infinitive vara ha komma gra ta sga veta lta hlla heta fara bra dra ligga lgga stta sl falla ta sova stjla grta slja vlja vnja svlja skilja

Imperative var ha kom gr ta, tag sg vet lt hll het far br dra, drag ligg lgg stt sl fall t sov stjl grt slj vlj vnj svlj skilj

Present r ha kommer gr tar sger vet lter hller heter far br drar ligger lgger stter slr faller ter sover stjler grter sljer vljer vnjer svljer skiljer

Past var hade kom gjorde tog sa, sade visste lt hll hette for bar drog lg la, lade satte slog fll t sov stal grt slde valde vande svalde skilde

Supine varit haft kommit gjort tagit sagt vetat ltit hllit hetat farit burit dragit legat lagt satt slagit fallit tit sovit stulit grtit slt valt vant svalt skilt

Translation be have come do, make take say know let hold be called go carry pull, drag lie (down) put put hit fall eat sleep steal cry sell choose accustom swallow separate

36. Food and Meals

bacon beef beer beverage biscuit bread breakfast butter cake cheese chicken chop coffee cream dessert dinner egg fried egg softboiled egg fat flour ham honey jam lunch meal meat milk mustard mutton oil omelet pepper pork roast roll

flsk (n) oxktt (n) l (n) dryck brd frukost smr (n) kaka ost kyckling kaffe grdde middag gg (n) stkta gg koktagg fett (n) mjl (n) skinka honing sylt (n) lunch ktt (n) mjlk senap frktt (n) olja peppar flsk (n) bulle

salad salt sandwich sauce sausage soup stew sugar supper tea veal vegetables vinegar wine basin bottle can opener coffee pot colander corkscrew cup dish fork frying pan glass jug kettle knife lid napkin plate saucer saucepan spoon tablecloth teapot

sallad salt (n) smrgs ss korv soppa socker (n) te (n) kalvktt (n) grnsaker ttika vin (n) skl flaska burkpsnarre kaffekanna korkskruv kopp fat (n) gaffel stekpanna glas (n) kruka kittel kniv lock (n) servet tallrik tefat (n) kastrull sked borddukk tekanna

37. Fruits and Vegetables

almond apple apple tree apricot ash bark beech berry birch blackberry branch cherry cherry tree chestnut chestnut tree currant cypress date elm fig fig tree fir fruit grapes hazelnut kernel laurel leaf lemon lime tree melon mulberry tree oak olive olive tree orange orange tree peach pear pear tree pine pineapple plum poplar raspberry root

strawberry tree pple (n) tree trunk ppletrad (n) vine aprikos walnut ask walnut tree bark willow bok artichoke br (n) asparagus bjrk barley bjrnbr (n) bean (broad) gren bean krsbr (n) (kidney) brussel kastanje sprouts cabbage vinbr (n) carrot cauliflower celery alm chives fikon (n) corn cucumber gran eggplant frukt garlic vindruva herb hasselnt horse-radish krn lentil lettuce blad (n) maize citron mint lind mushroom oats onion ek parsley pea potato apelsin pumpkin radish persika rice pron (pl) rye sage tall seed ananas spinach plommon (n) stalk poppel tomato hallon (n) turnip rot wheat

jordgubbe trd (n) stam vinstock valnt pil sparris korn (n) bna brysselkl kl morot blomkl

gurka vitlk pepparrot lins sallad mynta svamp havre lk persilja rta potatis rdisa ris (n) rg

spenat stjlk rova hvete (n)

38. Commands
Verbs that end in -ar in the present tense simply remove the -r to form the command (imperative). Verbs that end in -er in the present tense remove the -er to form the command. You cannot form the imperative if you only know the infinitive and not if the verb takes -ar or -er in the present tense. But if you do know that an infinitive is an -ar verb, you leave the -a in the imperative, and if the infinitive is an -er verb, you remove the -a.

Infinitive ppnar vntar skriver lser

Imperative ppna! vnta! skriv! ls!

Translation open! wait! write! read!

39. Asking

Questions

Yes/No questions: Invert the subject and verb so that the verb begins the question. In English, we use the dummy verb "do" with the main verb, but forming questions in Swedish is much simpler. Arbetar han? Does he work? Regnar det? Is it raining? Question Words: The question word begins the question, and the verb comes next, followed by the subject. In English, the construction would be question word + a form of "do" + subject + main verb. Var bor Sten? Where does Sten live? Vad gr Elsa? What does Elsa do?

40. Holiday Phrases

Merry Christmas! Happy Easter! Happy New Year! Happy Birthday!

The Swedish National Anthem:

Du gamla, du fria, du fjllhga Nord, Du tysta, du gldjerika skna! Jag hlsar dig, vnaste land upp jord, Din sol, din himmel, dina ngder grna. Din sol, din himmel, dina ngder grna. Du tronar p minnen frn fornstora da'r, d rat ditt namn flg ver jorden. Jag vet att du r och du blir, vad du var. Ja, jag vill leva, jag vill d i Norden. Ja, jag vill leva, jag vill d i Norden. You ancient, free and mountainous North, Of quiet, joyful beauty, I greet you, loveliest land on earth,

Your sun, your sky, your green meadows. Your sun, your sky, your green meadows. You are throned on memories of olden days When the honour of your name spread over the earth. I know that you are and will remain what you were. Oh, may I live, may die in the Nordic North! Oh, may I live, may die in the Nordic North!