LI GII THI I HC NM 2011

Mn: TON Khi: B

I. PHN CHUNG CHO TT C TH SINH (7.0 im)dddddddddddddddddddd

Cu I (2.0 im)
Cho hm s y = x 4 - 2(m + 1)x 2 + m (1), m l tham s.
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 1 .
Li gii.
Khi m = 1 ta c hm s y = x 4 - 4x 2 + 1 .
Tp xc nh l D = .

Chiu bin thin: y ' = 4x 3 - 8x 2 = 4x 2 (x 2 - 2)

y ' = 0 c 3 nghim l x = 0, x = 2 .

y ' > 0 x (- 2;0) U ( 2; +) nn hm s ng bin trn (- 2;0) v

( 2; +).
y ' < 0 x (-; - 2) U (0; 2) nn hm s nghch bin trn (-; - 2) v
(0; 2).
Cc gii hn: lim y = + .
x

Bng bin thin :

x - - 2
y/
0

-3

th :

0
0
1

2
0
-3

+
+

2. Tm m th ca hm s (1) c ba im cc tr A, B,C sao cho

OA = BC , trong O l gc ta , A l im cc tr thuc trc tung, B v
C l hai im cc tr cn li.

Li gii.

Ta c y ' = 4x (x - m -1) .
2

x=0
Suy ra y ' = 0 2

x = m + 1
Nu m + 1 0 th y ' = 0 x = 0 , khi y hm s ch c mt cc tr

(khng tha mn).

x = 0

Nu m + 1 > 0 th y ' = 0 x = m + 1 .

x = - m + 1

Lp bng bin thin ta thy hm s c ba cc tr.

Gi ba im cc tr ca th hm s l
A(0; m ) , B

) (

m + 1; -(m + 1) + m ,C - m + 1; -(m + 1) + m .
2

Theo gi thit ta c

m = 2 + 2 2
OA = BC m = 2 m + 1 m 2 = 4m + 4
.
m = 2 - 2 2
2

Th li ta thy gi tr m = 2 + 2 2 v m = 2 - 2 2 tha mn v l cc
gi tr cn tm.

Cu II (2.0 im)
1. Gii phng trnh: sin 2x cos x + sin x cos x = cos 2x + sin x + cos x .
Li gii.
Ta vit li phng trnh thnh

2 sin x cos2 x + sin x cos x = 2 cos2 x - 1 + sin x + cos x

sin x (2 cos2 x + cos x - 1) = 2 cos2 x + cos x - 1
(sin x - 1)(2 cos x - 1)(cos x + 1) = 0.

TH 1. sin x = 1 x =
TH 2. cos x =

p
+ k 2p.
2

1
p
x = + k 2p.
2
3

TH 3. cos x = -1 x = p + k 2p.
Vy phng trnh cho c 4 h nghim x =
x =-

p
+ k 2p , x = p + k 2p vi k .
3

p
p
+ k 2p , x = + k 2p ,
2
3

2. Gii phng trnh: 3 2 + x - 6 2 - x + 4 4 - x 2 = 10 - 3x (x ).

Li gii.
iu kin: -2 x 2.
t t = 2 + x - 2 2 - x th ta c
t 2 = (2 + x ) + 4(2 - x ) - 4 4 - x 2 = 10 - 3x - 4 4 - x 2 .

Do , phng trnh cho c th vit li thnh 3t = t 2 . T y, ta tm c

t = 0 hoc t = 3. Tuy nhin t khng th nhn gi tr l 3 c, v

t = 2 + x - 2 2 - x 2 + x 2 + 2 = 2 < 3.
Vy ta c t = 0. Khi

2 + x = 2 2 - x . Bnh phng hai v, ta c

2 + x = 4(2 - x ).

T y d dng suy ra x =

6
(nhn).
5

Kt lun: Phng trnh cho c duy nht mt nghim l x =

6
.
5

Cu III (1.0 im)

Tnh tch phn: I =

p
3

1 + x . sin x
dx
cos2 x

Li gii.
S dng cng thc tch phn tng phn ta c
I =

p
3

(1 + x sin x )d ( tan x )
0

p
3
= ( 1 + x sin x ) tan x 3 - tan x ( sin x + x cos x )dx
0
0
=
=
=
=
=

3+

p
3

p
2 0
p
3

- cos x + x sin x dx
cos x

p
3

d ( sin x )

p
+
+ ( x cos x ) dx
2
2
sin x - 1
0
0
p
p
p 1 1 - sin x
3 + + ln
3 + ( x cos x ) 3
2 2 1 + sin x 0
0
p 1 2 - 3 p
+
3 + + ln
2 2 2 + 3 6
2p
3+
+ ln 2 - 3 .
3
3+

Cu IV (1.0 im)

Cho lng tr c y ABCD.A1B1C 1D1 c y ABCD l hnh ch nht,

AB = a, AD = a 3 . Hnh chiu vung gc ca im AC trn mt phng

(ABCD )

trng vi giao im ca AC v BD . Gc gia hai mt phng

4

(ADD A )
1

v (ABCD ) bng

. Tnh th tch khi lng tr cho v

khong cch t im B1 n mt phng (A1BD ) theo a .

Li gii.
Gi I l giao im ca AC v BD , M l trung im ca AD .
A1I ^ (ABCD ) A1I ^ AD ,

Do

thm

na

AD ^ (A1IM ) A1MI = 60o .

IM ^ AD

Theo h thc lng trong tam gic vung cng vi MI =

A1I = MI tan 60o =

nn

a
nn ta c
2

a 3
.
2

Khi y th tch khi lng tr l V = A1I .S ABCD =

a 3
3a 3
.a.a 3 =
.
2
2

A1

D1

C1

B1

M
D

A
I
B

Li c B1D1 || BD nn khong cch t B1 n mt phng (A1BD ) bng khong

cch t D1 n mt phng (A1BD ) .

Gi D1H l khong cch cn tnh v ta c

D1H =

3VD .A DB
1

S A DB

1 1

S A DB
1

Thm na S A BD =
1

3VB .D A D

3VB .AA D

S A DB

3VA .ABD

S A DB

2.S A DB

( )

1
1 a 3
A1I .BD = .
. a2 + a 3
2
2 2

Vlangtru

a2 3
.
2

Suy ra
D1H =

Vlangtru

2.S A DB
1

3a 3
1
a 3
=
.
=
.
2
2 a 3
2

Cu V (1.0 im)
Cho a, b l hai s dng tha mn 2(a 2 + b 2 ) + ab = (a + b )(ab + 2). Tm
a 3 b 3
a 2 b 2
gi tr nh nht ca biu thc: P = 4 3 + 3 - 9 2 + 2 .
b
b
a
a

Li gii.
S dng bt ng thc AM-GM, ta c ab + 2 2 2ab . T suy ra
2(a 2 + b 2 ) + ab 8ab(a + b)2 .

Bt ng thc ny c th vit li thnh

2

a b

2 + + 1 8 a + b + 2 .

b a

b a

a b
+ th ta c (2t + 1)2 8(t + 2). Gii bt phng trnh ny vi ch
b a
5
rng t 2, ta tm c t . By gi, bin i biu thc P theo t, ta c
2
t t =

P = 4(t 3 - 3t ) - 9(t 2 - 2) = 4t 3 - 9t 2 - 12t + 18 = f (t ).

Xt hm f (t ) trn , + , ta c
2

f (t ) = 12t 2 - 18t - 12 = 6(2t 2 - 3t - 2) > 0,

v 2t 2 - 3t - 2 = t(2t - 5) + 2(t - 1) > 0.

Vy f (t ) ng bin trn , + , suy ra

2

5
23
P = f (t ) f = - .
2
4
6

Mt khc, d thy ng thc xy ra khi a = 2 v b = 1. Do vy, ta i n kt

lun min P = -

23
.
4

II. PHN RING (3.0 im)ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd

iA. Theo chng trnh Chuni
Cu VI.a (2.0 im)
1. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hai ng thng D : x - y - 4 = 0 v

d : 2x - y - 2 = 0. Tm im N thuc ng thng d sao cho ng

thng ON ct ng thng D ti im M sao cho OM .ON = 8.
Li gii.
V im N thuc ng thng d nn N (n; 2n - 2). Phng trnh ng
x = nt
thng ON l
, do giao im ca ON vi D tha mn
y = (2n - 2)t

4
nt - (2n - 2)t - 4 = 0 hay t =
, n 2.
2-n
4n
4(2n - 2) uuuur 4n
4(2n - 2)
Do M
;
;
, OM
.
2 - n
2 - n
2 - n
2 - n
Ta c OM .ON = 8 nn
Hay

(
2-n
4

4n

+ 4(2n - 2) . (n )2 + (2n - 2)2 = 8.

2 - n
2 - n
2

(n )2 + (2n - 2)2

) = 8, nn 5n
2

- 8n + 4 = 2 2 - n .

+) Vi n < 2 ta c 5n 2 - 6n = 0 nn n = 0 hoc n =

6 2
N (0; - 2) hoc N ; .
5 5
+) Vi n > 2 ta c 5n 2 - 10n + 8 = 0 (v nghim).
6 2
Vy cc im cn tm l N (0; - 2) hoc N ; .
5 5

6
, do
5

x -2 y +1
z
=
=
1
-2
-1
I l giao im ca D v

2. Trong khng gian ta Oxyz, cho ng thng D :

v mt phng (P ) : x + y + z - 3 = 0. Gi

mp(P ) . Tm im M (P ) sao cho MI ^ D MI = 4 14.

Li gii.
Gi I D I (2 + t; -1 - 2t; -t ) v I (P ) nn
2 + t - 1 - 2t - t - 3 = 0 t = -1 I (1;1;1) .

uur
uur
Do MI ^ D v M (P ) nn MI ^ n P v MI ^ n P .
ur
uur uur

nn ta chn vc t ch phng ca ng thng MI l u = n P , u D = (1; 2; -3) .

x = 1 + t

Suy ra phng trnh ng thng MI l

y = 1 + 2t M (1 + t;1 + 2t;1 - 3t ). .

z = 1 - 3t

Theo gi thit ta c

MI 2 = 224 t 2 + 4t 2 + 9t 2 = 224 14t 2 = 224 t 2 = 16 .

Suy ra t = 4 M (5;9; -11) hoc t = -4 M (-3; -7;13).
Cu VII.a (1.0 im)
Tm s phc z, bit: z -

5+i 3
-1 = 0
z
Li gii.

Vit li phng trnh z .z - z = 5 + i 3 v ly lin hp hai v ta c

z .z - z = 5 - i 3 .

Suy ra z = z + 2i 3 v

z z + 2i 3 - z = 5 + i 3 z 2 + -1 + 2i 3 z = 5 + i 3

4z 2 + 4 -1 + 2i 3 z - 11 - 4i 3 = 9

2z - 1 + 2i 3

=9

D ta c 2z - 1 + 2i 3 = 3 z = 2 - i 3 v
2z - 1 + 2i 3 = -3 z = -1 - i 3 .

iB. Theo chng trnh Nng caoi

Cu VI.b (2.0 im)
Trong
D:

khng

gian

ta

x + 2 y -1 z + 5
=
=
v hai
1
3
-2

Oxyz,

cho

im

ng

thng

im A (-2; 1; 1), B (-3; -1; 2) . Tm im

M D sao cho VABC c din tch bng 3 5 .

Li gii.
Do M D nn gi M (-2 + t; 1 + 3t; -5 - 2t ) v c ngay
uuuur
uuuur
MA (t; 3t; -6 - 2t ), MB (1 + t; 2 + 3t; -7 - 2t ) .
uuuur uuuur

Suy ra MA, MB = (-t - 12; t + 6; t ) v

2
2
1
2
(t + 12) + (t + 6) + t = 45

4
t = 0
3t 2 + 36t = 0
t = -12

S 2VMAB =

Vy c hai im M 1 (-2; 1; -5) v M 2 (-14; -35; 19) .

1
2. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh B ; 1 . ng
2

trn ni tip tam gic ABC tip xc vi cc cnh BC ,CA, AB tng

ng ti cc im D, E, F . Cho D (3; 1) v ng thng EF c phng
trnh y -3 = 0 . Tm ta nh A , bit A c tung dng.
Li gii.
Gi I l tm ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC . t x M , yM l honh v
tung ca mt im M bt k trong mt phng ta .
Trc ht, ta c nhn xt rng cc im A, D khc pha so vi ng thng
EF . Do yA > 3 .

Mt khc, ta cng thy rng A, I khc pha so vi ng thng EF . Do

yI < 3 .

Ta c D BC nn ng thng BC c phng trnh y = 1 .

V I l tm ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC nn A, I cng pha so vi
ng thng BC . Suy ra yI > 1 .

Ta lun c ID ^ BC nn x I = 3 .

V ng thng EF c phng trnh y = 3 nn ta ca F c dng (x F ;3) .

Theo gi thit, ta c BD = BF . Suy ra

2
F (2;3)
x = 2

x F - 1 + 4 = 25 F

2
4
x F = -1 F (-1;3)
Gi X l trung im DF th B, X , I thng hng.

Vi F (-1;3) , ta c X (1;2) . Khi I (3;6) (loi v khng tha mn yI < 3 )

5
Vi F (2;3) , ta c X ;2 . Khi
2

9
I 3; (tha mn 1 < yI < 3 )
4

Ta c EF ^ AI v EF P BC nn AI ^ BC A, I , D thng hng.
Suy ra A l giao im ca BF v ID .
13
T ta tm c A 3; .
3
Cu VII.b (1.0 im)

1 + 3i

Tm phn thc, phn o ca s phc z =

.
1 + i
3

Li gii.

Ta c 1 - 3i

= 1 - 3.( 3i ) + 3.( 3i )2 - ( 3i )3 = -8 ,

V (1 + i )3 = 1 + 3i + 3i 2 + i 3 = -2 + 2i nn
z=

-8
4
4(1 + i )
=
=
= 2 + 2i.
-2 + 2i 1 - i (1 - i )(1 + i )

Vy phn thc ca s phc z l 2 v phn o ca n cng l 2.

10