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usqHk;cJhaom tmZmenfacgif;aqmifaumif;rsm;tm; tpOf OD;!

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ref;bcdkif(1903-1947)

AkdvfcsKyf atmifqef; (1915 - 1947)

u&ift rsKd;om; tmZmenfacgif; aqmif}uD; ref;bckdifonf


[oFmwrde,f ,kefwvif;GmZmwd jzpfonf? tz ,kefwvif;
Gmol}uD; ref;ayukef;ESihf trd a':yk jzpfonf? arG;ouU&mZfrSm
1903 ckESpf/ atmufwkdbmv (26) &ufjzpfonf?

1915 ck/ azazmf0g&Dv(13)&ufaewGif rauG;wdkif;/ awmif


wGif;}uD; cdkif/ ewfarmufrdY trdefawmf& a&Sae OD;zmESifh
a':pkwkdrS aemifwacwfwGif AkdvfcsKyf atmifqef;[lI jrefrm
EkdifiHorkdif;Y armifuGef;wGifaprnhf om;&wemukd zGm;jrifcJhonf?
ZmwmtrnfrSm armifxdefvif; jzpfaomfvnf; i,fpOfuyif
armifatmifqef;[k wGifonf?

rkdif;yGef apmfbGm;}uD; pyfpHxGef; (1907 - 1947)


rkdif;yGefapmfbGm;}uD; pyfcGefxD;ESihf ajrmufeef;aqmif r[ma'0D eef;
pdefO wkd.om; pyfpHxGef;onf 1907 ckESpf/ arv(31)&ufaezGm;
jzpfonf?
OD;b0if; (1901 - 1947)
ewfarmufrd a&Sae OD;zm/ a':pkwkd. om;orD; (9)a,muf
teuf OD;b0if;onf t}uD;qkH;om; jzpfonf? AkdvfcsKyf atmif
qef;.tpfukd t}uD;qkH; jzpf+yD;/ 1901 ck/ ZGefv(11)&ufaewGif
zGm;jrifonf?
OD;tkef;armif (1913 - 1947)
OD;tkef;armifonf rif;bl;rd rpPwm tdyfcsf'AvsLw&yf(wf)0ef;/
a':a$jrihfwkd. 'kwd,om; jzpfonf? arG;ouU&mZfrSm 1913ck
azazmf0g&Dv(2)&uf jzpfonf?
&Jabmf ukdaxG; (1929 - 1947)
rE Wav;rd awmifjyifody`H&yf yifpifpm; v,f,mpkdufysKd;a&; 0ef
axmuf OD;ukdukdav;/ a':rif;&Dwkd. qrajrmuf om;jzpfonf?

19-07-201

ocif jr (1897 - 1947)


ocifjronf AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; acgif;aqmifaom 0ef}uD;
tzGJwGif jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf?
uG,fvGefol trsKd;om; tmZmenfacgif;aqmif}uD;ocifjronf
jynfrde,f xkH;bkdGmZmwd jzpfonf? tz OD;bkd;c|efESihf trd
a':oufv,fwkdrS 1897ckESpf/ atmufwkdbmv (7)&ufaewGif
zGm;jrifonf? i,femrnf armifba$ jzpfonf?
OD;bcsKd (1893 - 1947)
'D;'kwfOD;bcsKdrSm ajrmif;jrZmwd jzpfonf? tz jrefrmaq;q&m
}uD; OD;bkd;pmESihf trda': jrpfwkdrS 1893 ck/ {+yDv (24)&ufae
wGif zGm;jrifonf?
OD;&mZmwf (1898 - 1947)
trsKd;om; tmZmenfacgif;aqmif}uD; OD;&mZwfonf t+idrf;
pm;wkdufykdif tifpyufawmf rpPwm at&mrefESihf a':ndrf;vS
wkd. om;jzpfonf? q&m}uD;ukd rdwDvmY 1898 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&D
(19)&ufaewGif zGm;jrifonf?

tmZmenfrsKd; aodk;r&Sd

EdkifiHa&;qdkonfrSm u|Ekfyfwdk aepOfESifhtr# vlavmuwGif awG


uHae=uaom udpPyif jzpfa yonf? wenf;tm;jzifhqdka om
EdkifiHa&;qdkonfrSm vludpP[k qdk&ayrnf/ u|Ekfyfwdk pm;r_/ aomufr_/
aer_/ xdkifr_/ oGm;r_/ vmr_ tpkpkwdkonf EdkifiHa&;udk rqifjcif
rawG;awm rdapumrl EdkifiHa&;onf u|EfkyfwdkESifh t+rJwap quf
oG,fae.?
(AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)
(1946 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (20)&ufae tv,fypP,H nDvmcHrdefcGef;)

usqHk;cJhaom tmZmenfacgif;aqmifaumif;rsm;tm; tpOf OD;!$wfvsuf

Zlvdfkif 13/ 1947 u AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; . jynfolodk


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AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;

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