7

(Frog Anatomy)
..

rugulosus)

(Hoplobatrachus

10%
1-2
(foramen magnum) (spinal cord)

1.

2.
3.

 1 (External feature) ( 1)
(mucous gland)
(dorsal)
(pigment granules) (head)
(trunk)
sacral hump
(Eyes)
(upper eyelid)
(nictitating membrane)

(Tympanic membrane)

(Nose) (nares nostrils)
external nares internal nares
(Mouth) ( 2)
maxillary teeth vomerine teeth
vomerine teeth internal nares
prominence of eye ball prominence of eye ball
Eustachian tube (pharynx)
(tongue)


glottis

(trachea)
2

 (Esophagus) (vocal sac) 1

(Trunk) sacral hump (abdomen)

cloacal opening
(Appendages) tetrapoda 2 ( 1)
1. (forelimb) (brachium)
(antebrachium) (manus)
(carpus) (metacarpus) (digit) 4 (pollex)

2. (hindlimb) (femur thigh)
(tibia shank) (foot pes)
(tarsus) (metatarsus) (digits toes) 5 (hallux)
4 (web)

 1 (: 2518)

2 (: De luliis and Puler, 2007)

4

 2 (Muscular system) ( 3 4)


musculo-cutaneous
(Somatic muscle)
(Trunk muscle)
(Appendicular muscle)
(1) Mylohyoideus
(2) Temporalis (3) Masseter (4) Depressor
mandibulae tympanic membrane
(Epaxial muscle) (Hypaxial
muscle) (5) Longissimus dorsi (6) Coccygeo-iliacus
(7) Pyriformis (8) Sphinctor ani cloaca
(Hypaxial muscle) (9) Obliquus externus (10) Pectoralis
(11) Rectus abdominis (12) Cutaneous
abdominis
(13) Dorsalis scapulae (14) Latissimus
dorsi (15) Triceps brachii
(16) Deltoideus
(17) Glutaeus (18) Triceps
femoris (19) Bicep femoris
(20) Semi-membranosus (21) Peronaeus (22) Gastrocnemius

(23) Adductor longus (24)

Sartorius (25) Adductor magnus (26) Gracilis major Gracilis
minor
5

Triceps femoris

3 (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus)
(: , 2528)
6

 4 (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus)
(: , 2528)
7

 3 (Internal anatomy) ( 5)


(linea alba)
ventral abdominal vein anterior abdominal vein

linea alba
(xiphoidcartilage)

ventral abdominal vein


3 anterior vena cava
3

(Heart) pericardium
sinus venosus
sinus venosus ventricle
(auricle atrium)
(ventricle) conus arteriosus ventricle atrium
( ) conus arteriosus
aortic arch
(Lung)
(Liver) (lobe)
(gall bladder) ( )

 (Stomach)
(Small intestine)
duodenum

duodenum

(Pancreas) duodenum
jejunum ilium mesentery mesentery
(Spleen) mesentery ileum
ileum (Rectum)
rectum (Urinary bladder)

(Kidney)

2
(Testis)
(Ovary)
(Fat body)

(Oviduct)
(funnel)
(Cloaca)

 5 (: Wodsedalek, 1963)

10

 4 (Urogenital system) ( 6)
(Kidney) 2
(adrenal gland)
(endocrine gland) epinephrine (adrenalin) (ureter)
cloaca
cloaca
( 6A) (testis)

mesochium

(spermatozoa) vasa efferentia

(vesicular seminalis)
cloaca
(vas deferens)
( 6B) (ovary)
mesovarium (eggs)
(oviduct)
cloaca
(ovisac)

11

6 (A) (B)
(: http://www.arthursclipart.org )
12

 5 (Circulatory system) ( 7)
(close-circulatory system)



(ventricle)
(artery) arterial system
(vein) venous system

(ventral) ventral


1. (heart) ( 8) 4
1.1 Sinus venosus
1.2 Auricle Atrium 2
1.3 Ventricle 1
1.4 Conus arteriosus Ventricle atrium conus
arteriosus aortic arch
2. (Venous system) ( 9 10)
sinus venosus ( ventricle ) 2
2 anterior vena cava superior vena cava sinus venosus
1 posterior venacava Inferior
vena cava
13

 anterior venacava
forceps anterior vena cava 3 3

sinus venosus 1 posterior vena cava
sinus venosus

hepatic vein 2 -

(ventral abdominal vein)
hepatic portal vein

Posterior vena cava
posterior vena cava
posterior vena cava 2 renal vein

(fat body) mesentery
2
renal portal vein ()
renal portal vein

14

 7 ()
(: Storer and Usinger, 1961)
15

 8 (A) (B) (C) (Frontral

section) (: , 2528)

16

 9 (Venous system) (: De luliis and Puler, 2007)

17

 10 Sinus venosus (: De luliis and Puler, 2007)

3. (Arterial system) ( 11)

conus arteriosus
aortic arch aortic arch 3
1. Carotid arch ( )
(forceps) aortic arch
aortic arch 3 carotid arch carotid gland

2. Systemic arch ( )
carotid arch
carotid arch systemic arch
dorsal aorta systemic arch

dorsal aorta systemic arch dorsal aorta
18

 coeliaca-mesenteric artery
dorsal aorta
5-6 2 renal artery
dorsal aorta
2 common iliac artery

3. Pulmo-cutaneus arch 3 aortic arch

systemic arch pulmo-cutaneus arch
()
(left auricle) ventricle sinus venosus
(right auricle) ventricle
ventricle ventricle pulmocutaneous
arch
pulmo-cutaneous arch systemic arch
ventricle
carotid arch

19

 11 (: De luliis and Puler, 2007)

20

 7 (nervous system) ( 12, 13)

3
(central nervous system)
(peripheral nervous system) (Autonomic nervous system)
(sympathetic nerve) (parasympathetic nerve)

(cranial nerves) 10
(spinal nerves) 9 spinal cord spinal nerves
sympathetic nerve (9 )
9
(spinal nerve) 1 2
3 brachial plexus 4, 5 6
7, 8 9 sciatic plexus
9 ( 12) (sympathetic nerve) 1
dorsal aorta systemic arch

21

 12 (dorsal view) spinal nerve (: Wodsedalex, 1970)

22

 13 (dorsal view) sympathetic nerve

(: Wodsedalex, 1970)

23

(scissor)

(forceps) (probe) (bone shear) (needle) (scalpel blade)

(scalpel handle)
( 14)

(1) Dissecting scissor

(2) Mayo scissor
(semi-blunt point)
(3) Surgical scissor

(4) Microdissecting scissor

(5) Iris scissor dissecting scissor
( 15)
(1) Dissecting forceps

(2) Curved dissecting forceps

(3) Tissue forceps

(4) Microdissecting forceps

(5) Hemostatic forceps

24

 14 (: , 2551)

15 (: , 2551)
25

 ( 16) 3
(1) Mall probe

(2) Hooked probe
(3) Seeker probe mall probe

(bone shear) (needle)

(scalpel blade)

16
(: , 2551)

. 2518. .

26

 . 2547. 7 (Animal Anatomy).

311 106 .
90-109
. 2515. 2.
. 2550. (Vertebrates Laboratory).
54-79
. 2551. .
124-127
. 2552. (Frog Anatomy).
2.
Bloom, W.W. and Krekeler. 1963. General Biology. London. D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc.
Duellman, W.E. and Trueb, L. 1994. Biology of Amphibians. London. The John Hopkins Press, Ltd.
De luliis, G. and Puler, D. 2007. The Dissection of Vertebrates: A Laboratory Manual. London.
Elsevier, Inc.
Orr, R.T. 1976. Vertebrate Biology. 4th ed. Philadelphia. W.B. Saunders Company.
Storer, T.I. and R. L. Usinger. 1961. Elements of Zoology. London. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.
Wodsedalek, J.E. 1963. General Zoology Laboratory Guide. Lowa. W.M.C. Brown Company, Inc.
Wodsedalek, J.E. 1963. General Zoology. Lowa. W.M.C. Brown Co.
Wodsedalek, J.E. 1970. General Zoology Laboratory Guide. 5thed. Lowa.
W.M.C. Brown Company, Inc.
http://www.arthursclipart.org

27

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