Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

. .

...

 %45 %95 .

: -1

-2

: : -1

CnHm

nC + m/2H2

%70

2200-2300

: : -2

CH4 C + 2H2 C + 1/2O2 CO C + O2 CO2 500 c %40-%50

H298 = 75 KJ/mol H298 = -111KJ/mol H298 = -283KJ/mol

:
Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)-1 Autothermal Reforming (ATR) Precess-2 Partial Oxidation (Pox)-3

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

SMR
.

(syngas) 2 SMR (1989)

Froment

Xu

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

CH4 + H2O CO + H2O Overal : CH4 + O2

CO + 3H2 CO2 + H2 CO2 + 4H2

H298 = 206 KJ/mol (1) H298 = -41 KJ/mol (2) H298 = 165 KJ/mol (3)
Reaction Steam Reforming

Water Gas Shift Reaction (WGS)

Carbon Dioxide Reforming

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

Ni/MgAl2O4 . Froment Xu Langmuir-Hineshlwood

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

:
: Reforming of Natural Gas-1
steam (850-950 C) synthesis (syngas) SMR Steam Reforming (35 atm) (3-5) CO H2

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

:
: Shift Reaction -2
Water Gas Shift Reaction (WGS) Steam High Temperature Low Temperature Shift 350 C (190-210 C) . SMR . . Shift (HTS) (LTS)

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

:
. . SMR . . %75 %65 SMR

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

:
0.3-0.4 . . SMR

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

:
.

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

:
: (carbon formation) . . .

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

:
. 2.5 . .

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

: Steam Reforming
-1

-2

-3

-4

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

CH4 0.25 y 0.25-y

H2O 0.75 y 0.75-y

CO 0 0 Y y/(1+2y)

H2 0 0 3y 3y/(1+2y) 1 2y 1+2y 1

( .25-y)/(1+2y) ( .7 -y)/(1+2y)

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

-2

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

-3

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

-3

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

-3

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

-3
:
Hin = nCH4 Cp Cp T1  + nH2O =0 Molar specific heat of CH4 Molar specific heat of H2O Temperature of entering stream = Reference temperature

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

-3
:

Hout = nH2 (1 XCH4) nCH4

+ nC

+ (J)

(nH2O nCH4 XCH4)

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

-3
C C

Cp


M lar specific hea

fC

Tempera re f leavi g s ream

Cp

M lar specific hea







=3

+ +

:

+

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

-3
:


:
ut

)('

)('

)('

10(

(n

/n

- X

)('

&%$

#"!

) (J/


l )

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

-3
:
7
r( )

Cp 3Cp Cp Cp Cp Cp
CH4+ H2O+ H2+ CO+

654

32

r( 98)


Cp

Cp
CH4

Cp
CH4

+ +

H2O

H2O

H2

+ +

H2

CO

CO

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

-3

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

-3
:

In ut

ut ut

H4

b nH2 /n

H4

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

-3
:

In ut

ut ut

H4

b nH2 /n

H4

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

-3
:
850 950 . . . . 2 (Stage) b

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

-3

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

-4

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

:

S1 = 2.1 10-2

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

:

S2 = 4.44 10-2

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

:

S3 9 85

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

:

S4

.57

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

:

S5

32

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

:

S6 2.79

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

:

S7 = 5.36 10-1

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

:

S8 6.07 0-

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

:

S9 =1

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

3 Kgr

molCH4/h 1

Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

References [1] J.Xu,F.G. Froment. AICHE J. 35 (1989) 88-96. [2] F.A.N. Fernandes,A.B. Soares JR. Latin American Applied Research. 36 (2006) 155-161. [3] Octave Levenspiel. Chemical reactin engineering. 3rd ed. [4] Fogler, H. Scott. Elements of chemical reaction engineering. 4th ed.