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xkid ;f ppfAv kd af wG Ekid if aH &;rSm 0ifa&mufpu G zf ufvmwm (74) ESp&f _Sd yD jzpfayr,fh xkid ;f pD;yGm;a&;[m &Sio f ef
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xkid ;f ppf Akv d af wGyg0ifwJh tcef;u¾ukd ok;H oyfzkd‹ vkyd gw,f?
acwfopf xkid ;f ppfwyfukd 19 &mpkaESmif;ykid ;f rSm taemufwikd ;f ykpH eH J‹ zGOJ Epnf;ygw,f? csLvmavmif
uGerf if;u ol‹uq kd ufcrH ,fh tdraf &Sr› if;om;ukd 1887 ckEpS rf mS ppfO;D pD;csKyftjzpf cef‹tyfwJh Oya'jyÏmef;csed rf mS
acwfopfxikd ;f ppfwyfukd wnfaxmifw,fvkd‹ ajymEkid yf gw,f? tdref ;D csi;f Ekid if t H m;vk;H ukv d ekd b D 0 a&mufuek f
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ppfyid zf kd‹r&nf&, G yf gb;l ? csLvmavmifueG rf if;ukd umuG,w f Jh uk, d &f aH wmfwyfzGJ OEtjzpfom &nf&, G yf gw,f?
bk&ifu h kd &efðyr,fjh ynfwiG ;f tiftm;ukd ESrd ef if;zkd‹ zGJ@pnf;wJh ppfwyfjzpfwt Jh wGuf tapmykid ;f rSm rif;aqGrif;rsK;d
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1912 rSm t&m&Sid ,fwpku ppftm%modr;f zkd‹ yxrOD;qk;H }uHpnfygw,f? 'gayr,fh ratmifrjrif jzpfc&Jh yg
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ol[m xkid ;f ppfAv kd ef J‹ t&yfom;0efxrf; jzpfygw,f? tJ'u D wnf;u t&yfom;0efxrf;eJ‹ vufwGJ vkycf w Jh m
[m xkid ;f ppfAv dk &f J@ xif&mS ;wJh toGiv f uQ%myg? ArmppfAv dk u
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xkid ;f ppfAv dk &f J@x;l jcm;wJh 'kw, d toGiv f uQ%m[m Ekid if aH &;tjrifjzpfygw,f? wkid ;f jynfrmS tusyf
twnf;eJ‹ &ifqikd af e&wmukd t&yfom;tzGJ@tpnf;awGu ajz&Si;f Ekid pf rG ;f r&S&d if xkid ;f ppfwyfu 0ifa&muf
pGuzf uf_yD; jy\em&Si;f ay;&r,fvkd‹ xkid ;f ppfAv dk af wGu ,k-H unfygw,f? 'ga-umifh a&&Snt f m%modr;f zkd‹
xkid ;f ppfAv dk u f r&nf&, G w f myg? ArmppfAv kd uf awmh Ekid if aH &;jy\emukd ajz&Si;f zkd‹ pdwrf ul;bJ &moufyef
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xkid ;f ppfAv kd &f J@x;l jcm;wJh wwd,toGiv f uQ%muawmh olwkd‹u, kd o f w l kd‹ 'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pkvkd‹
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1962 rSm tm%modr;f &wJh &nf&, G cf suu f 'Dru kd a&pDpepfukd zsuq f ;D _yD; wygwt D m%m&Sipf epf wnfaxmif
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Ekid af tmif [ef‹wm;zkd‹ jzpfygw,f? 'Dru kd a&pD qef‹usiw f Jh tpOftvm}uD;rm;wJh ArmppfAv dk [ f m 'Dru kd a&pD
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Ekid if jH cm;u ppfvufeufypPn;f 0,f,w l t Jh cgrmS vnf; aumfr&Si&f ygw,f? 1998 pm&if;t& xkid ;f ppfwyfrmS
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[m wkid ;f jynfukd rxdcu kd wf t Jh wGuf xkid ;f pD;yGm;a&;&Sio f ef wk;d wufaewmyg? ArmppfAv dk f awGuawmh
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vkyif ef;rSm ppfwyfyg0ifwmukd oabmusygw,f? jynfov l x l k oufomacsmifcsad &;/ uk, d pf wd Ef pS yf g; csr;f om
a&; twGuf u,fq,fa&;eJ‹ zGH@òzd;a&; pDru H ed ;f awGrmS ppfwyfyg0if&r,fvkd‹ xkid ;f bk&ifu 1995rSm ajymzl;yg
w,f? avmavmq,fraS wmh ppfwyfukd }uD;-uyfEikd w f Jh t&yfom;tzGJ@tpnf; xkid ;f Ekid firH mS r&Sad o;wJt h wGuf
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(18)ESpf ausmv f mwmawmif Ekid if aH &;jy\emukd ajz&Si;f Ekdipf Gr;f r&Sb d J jzpfae&ygw,f?
1932 ckEpS rf mS yxrqk;H t}udrt f m%modr;f wJh xkid ;f ppftpk;d &u p_yD; b,fppftpk;d &urS
wkid ;f jynfukd cGp;D _yD; uk, d u f sK;d &Smzkd‹ pdwrf ul;-u ygb;l ? vkypf &m&Sw d Jh ðyjyifa&;vkyif ef;awG vky_f yD;wmeJ‹
ppfwef;vsm;ukd jyef-uwmcsn;f ygy?J tm%modr;f _yD; (3)&uftwGi;f Oya'ygarmuQwOD;a&;qGw J Jh ,m,D
Oya'ukd a-unm_yD; (6)vtwGi;f tajccHOya'ukd jyÏmef;Ekid cf yJh gw,f? xkid ;f bk&ifukd ðzwfcszkd‹ &nf&, G wf m
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