Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 7 i hc Nng nm 2010

NGHIN CU CH TO B O MMEN XON DNG CM BIN BIN DNG KT HP VI TRC XON

RESEARCH ON MANUFACTURING THE TORQUE MEASURE BY USING STRAIN GAGE COMBINE WITH HELIX AXIS SVTH: L Duy Hng, Hunh Xun Bnh
Lp 08C4LT, Khoa C Kh Giao Thng, Trng i hc Bch khoa

GVHD: PGS. TS. Trn Thanh Hi Tng

Khoa C Kh Giao Thng, Trng i hc Bch khoa

Bo co cp n phng php dng cm bin lc gn trn trc xon o m men xon, thng s quan trng dng tnh ton cng sut truyn trn trc. Kt qu nghin cu cho php ng dng trn bng th o cng sut xe gn my. Nghin cu s dng k thut thu nhn tn hiu khng dy nhn kt qu trn trc xon. ABSTRACT The report refers to method of using force sensors mounted on the twist shaft to measure torque, important parameters used to calculate transmission capacity on the axis. Research result allows application on tape test to measure capacity motorcycles. The research is used technique receiving wireless signals to get results on the torsion axis.

1. t vn Nghin cu nhm tng tnh kinh t nhin liu, gim nhim cho cc loi ng c t trong hin nay ang c cc nh khoa hc trong nc cng nh trn th gii quan tm nghin cu. Vit Nam, xe my l loi phng tin giao thng kh ph bin, y chnh l ngun nhim ln nh hng nhiu n mi trng khng kh. nh gi tnh nng ca ng c xe my cn phi xc nh c cng sut bng cch a ng c ln bng th ng c hoc a xe my ln bng th cng sut xe my. Tuy nhin trang b mt bng th nh th cho cc phng th nghim i hi mt ngun u t ln. Vi mong mun ch to mt bng th c th o c cng sut nhm so snh cng sut ca cc loi xe gn my khc nhau vi gi thnh c th chp nhn c, nhm sinh vin nghin cu b o m men xon trc xon. 2. Phn tch chn phng n thit k 2.1. Chn phng n o m men Theo l thuyt thng thng cng sut c xc nh qua biu thc sau: Ne = Me. Trong : Me - Mmen ca ng c [N.m]
1

= Me.

.n ; [W] 30

(1)

Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 7 i hc Nng nm 2010

- Tc gc ca trc khuu [rad/s] n - Tc ca trc khuu [vg/ph] Mmen ng c: Trong : Mt - Mmen ti (mmen phanh); [N.m] TD - Hiu sut truyn ng Nh vy xc nh cng sut ca ng c t trong ta cn xc nh m men phanh Mt. xc nh Mt ta c hai phng php sau: * Dng phanh th cng sut c c cu cn bng. Nguyn l hot ng ca phanh th Hnh 1. S phanh th c c cu cn bng. ny da vo mmen ma st to ra trong phanh. Thng qua cnh tay n, lc k ch th ta xc nh c mmen phanh: Mmen phanh: Mph = L.P [N.m] Trong : L - Chiu di cnh tay n [m]. P - Lc c c trn lc k [N]. * o m men phanh bng mmen k. Ta cng dng c cu phanh tiu th cng sut ng c nhng trn c cu phanh khng c c cu cn bng.
Hnh 2. S phanh th khng c c cu cn bng.
NG C KHP NI TRUC O PHANH
NG C

Me

Mt
TD

; [N.m]

(2)

KHP NI

PHANH
F

(3)

Mmen k gm: mt cm bin c lp ngay trn trc truyn ng gia ng c v b phn cn v mt c cu truyn tn hiu ra dng c ghi c nh. Nhn xt: Nu xc nh mmen theo phng n th nht cn phi c phanh th vi rotor ca phanh ni vi trc v quay t do trn hai gn trn Stato, Stato c th chuy hi ch to chnh xc cao. Theo phng n th hai dng c o da trn c s vic o bin dng ca trc o ni gia bng th v trc ng c. Di tc dng ca mmen xon truyn t trc ng c qua trc o n c cu phanh lm trc o bin dng. S bin dng ny t l vi m men. Cho nn, vic xc nh c bin dng ca trc o cng chnh l xc nh mmen ca ng c. Trong trng hp ny phanh th c th l mt my pht in thng thng. Khi chn phng n ny cn thit phi ch to mt trc xon ni gia ng c v my pht, m men
2

Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 7 i hc Nng nm 2010

xon nhn c thng qua kt qu o bin dng trn trc. Do s dng phng n ny gim c chi ph ch to hn, y cng l la chn hng nghin cu ca chng em. 2.2. Chn phng n thu nhn kt qu o Vic nhn tn hiu in t mt trc quay thng thng ngi ta s dng c gp, tuy nhin do tc trc quay kh cao nn phng n ny khng m bo chnh xc. Yu cu i vi bng th t ra l cn phi thu nhn ng thi v x l hai tn hiu o (tn hiu tc trc v mt tn hiu v m men). Vi yu cu nh trn ta s dng hai vi iu khin loi 18LF14K50 v 16F877A. Trong vi x l 18FL14K50 c dng trong b thu pht khng dy truyn tn hiu ca cm bin in tr lc cng. Vi x l 16F877A c nhim v nhn tn hiu t encoder (tc trc) v t b pht khng dy (m men xon) thng qua b thu khng dy, tnh ton v x l kt qu a ln my tnh qua cng COM theo chun giao tip RS232. Cc vi iu khin c lp trnh iu khin bng ngn ng C. xut kt qu trn my tnh s dng phn mm Visual Basic. 3. Thit k ch to trc xon 3.1. Cc tnh ton c bn * Chn vt liu: Trc xon s dng l loi trc xon ca h thng treo trc ca xe TOYOTA HIACE loi 16 ch ngi y l loi vt liu n hi c gii hn n hi cao. Trn c s phc v cho bng th cng sut ng c xe my c tc ln nht ca rul nlmax=3578 [Vg/ph] v tc nh nht ca rul nlmin=447,6 [Vg/ph]. Xe KAWASAKI AR 125A1 d kin th c cng sut ng c l Nemax = 9,0 [KW] v theo [1] chn hiu sut qua cc b truyn l: b truyn ly hp Lh = 0,88; cp bnh rng br= 0,98; truyn ng xch x = 0,93; bi bi = 0,995; ma st ms = 0,96. Ta xc nh c mmen ln nht trn trc Mmax = 104,4 [N.m] * Tnh s b trc: Theo [1]. xc nh ng knh s b ca trc ta ch xt n tc dng ca ca mmen xon trn trc. d Trong : Mmax- M men xon ln nht tc dng ln trc, Mmax= 104400 [N.mm] d- ng knh trc, [mm] * Tnh gc xon gii hn trn trc: Theo [1] i vi trc c ng knh khng i, bin dng xon (gc xon) xc nh theo cng thc (3)
3

M max .0,2

104400 = 14,7 [mm], chn d = 15 [mm]. 129.0,2

Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 7 i hc Nng nm 2010

57.M x .L [] G. j0

(3)

Trong : - Gc xon trc; G - Muyn n hi trt, G = 0,78.105 N/mm2; J0 - M men qun tnh c cc, i vi tit din trn ng knh d ta c:

j0
Do :
max =

.d 4 32

3,14.154 = 4967,58 [mm4] 32

57.104400.500 0,78.105.4967,58

7,680

Ngoi cc tnh ton trn, chng em thc hin kim tra bn mi ca trc, cc kt qu tnh ton u tha mn yu cu lm vic. 3.2. Kt cu trc xon
C-C 16 4 C
+0,015 +0,002 +0,023 +0,002

492 412
0,050

40 20
+0,015 +0,002

20

Hnh 3. Kt cu trc xon

4. Thit k ch to mch o 4.1. c im mch o 4.1.1. Gii thiu v cm bin bin dng H thng ny s dng nguyn l mch cu Wheatstone o mmen xon. Khc vi cc h thng c s dng cm bin quang o gc xon. Mch cu Wheatstone bao gm 4 in tr bin dng (tenzo hoc strain gage) c mc nh hnh 4: Ti thi im khng chu lc xon, 4 in tr c gi tr bng nhau. Do , V0 = 0 Khi 1 trong cc in tr b bin dng, gi tr ca n thay i. Khi gi tr V00. Ta li dng c im ny ca mch cu Wheatstone tin hnh o momen xon. Trn trc chu xon, ta tin hnh dn 4 tenzo nh hnh 5: Khi thanh chu xon, R1 v R3 s b ko, R2 v
4 Hnh 4. Mch cu

15

Hnh 5. S dn 4 tenzo ln trc xon

20

Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 7 i hc Nng nm 2010

R4 chu nn. Do , gi tr in tr R1, R3 tng ln cn R2 v R4 th gim xung. Khi s sinh ra 1 gi tr in p V0 t l thun vi momen xon. Mch o tin hnh c gi tr ny, thng qua 1 b khuch i s dng LM358, tn hiu c truyn v vi iu khin x l (hnh 6). 4.1.2. B thu pht khng dy

Hnh 6. Khi khuch i dng LM358

Vi b thu pht khng dy ta c th thu nhn tn hiu trong khong cch 100 m. Trn trc xon ta gn b pht v trn mch chnh ta gn b thu nhn tn hiu v tnh ton gi ln my tnh. S dng b thu pht sng khng dy ta c th truyn nhn tn hiu c xa hn m khng b hn ch do dy dn. Mt khc ta c th gii quyt c vn nhn tn hiu t cm bin gn trn trc trong khi trc vn quay. Cn vi mudule thu pht ny ta c th mua trn th trng c sn m khng cn phi thit k. Sau khi tnh ton ta gi v my tnh thng qua cng COM.
Hnh 7. Module thu pht

S dng c cu n hiu chnh v xy dng c tnh ca trc, kt qu cho thy quan h gia m men v bin dng l tuyn tnh.
+

C12
+

VCC

P1 U2
T1OUT R1IN V14 13 6 2 7 9 10 8 C13
+

10uF

C14 10uF

C2C2+ C1-

4 3

VCC

10uF
+

T1IN R1OUT

GND

TXD RXD

15

a . 4.2. S khi chng trnh iu khin

MAY TNH

Hnh 8. Giao tip my tnh qua cng COM

CHUYEN OI RS232 D LIEU

D LIEU

TN HIEU T ENCODER 16F877A ENCODER E O SO VONG QUAY

D LIEU

BO THU

D LIEU BO PHAT 18LF14K50

Hnh 9. S khi chng trnh iu khin

C15 10uF

V+ C1+ T2OUT R2OUT

C16

10uF VCC

1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9 5 CONNECTOR DB9

11 12

16

T2IN R2IN

MAX232

D LIEU

TN HIEU T TENZO

CAM BIEN BIEN DANG KET HP VI TRUC XOAN

Tuyn tp Bo co Hi ngh Sinh vin Nghin cu Khoa hc ln th 7 i hc Nng nm 2010

5. Kt lun S dng b o mmen xon dng cm bin bin dng kt hp vi trc xon ta c th ng dng trong thit k bng th cng sut xe my. Vi vic s dng vi iu khin 16F877A cho php x l ng thi cc tn hiu cn thit ca vic . B o mmen xon dng cm bin bin dng kt hp vi trc xon c thit k v ch to hon ton c th thc hin vi cc linh kin in t c sn trn th trng v ch to phn c kh kh n gin ph hp vi iu kin Vit Nam. B . TI LIU THAM KHO [1] Nguyn Trng Hip, Nguyn Vn Lm (1999), Thit k chi tit my, Nh xut bn Gio Dc.
[2] Ng Din Tp (2002), Lp trnh ghp ni my tnh trong Windows, Nh xut bn

Khoa Hc v K Thut, H Ni.

[3]

(2007),

, Nh xut bn

[4] Nguyn Hu Cn, D Quc Thnh, Phm Minh Thi, Nguyn Vn Ti, L Th Vng (1998), L thuyt t my ko, Nh xut bn Khoa Hc K Thut, H Ni.