Chapter Fourteen

Media Planning and Analysis

Chapter Fourteen Objectives

Describe the major factors used in segmenting target audiences for media strategy purposes Explain the meaning of reach, frequency, gross rating points, target rating points, effective rating points, and other media concepts Discuss the logic of the three-exposure hypothesis and its role in media and vehicle selection

Chapter Fourteen Objectives

Describe the use of the efficiency-index procedure for media selection Distinguish the differences among three forms of advertising allocation: continuous, pulsed, and flighted schedules Explain the principle of recency, or shelfspace model, and implications for allocating advertising expenditures over time

Chapter Fourteen Objectives

Perform cost-per-thousand calculations Interpret the output from a computerized media model

Saab 9-5
In the late 1990s, Saab introduced a new luxury sedan: the Saab 9-5 Saab had done little to expand its brand image in U.S. Historically it attracted younger customers, but needed the luxury sedan to appeal to families and older customers

Saab 9-5
A mass-market advertising campaign was undertaken with the following objectives: 1. Generate excitement for new 9-5 model line 2. Increase overall awareness for Saab name 3. Encourage customers to visit dealers and test-drive 4. Retail 11,000 units of 9-5 during introductory year

Saab 9-5
Television commercials were run on network TV and cable in May A newspaper campaign began earlier in March with ads in USA Today and Wall Street Journal Ads also ran yearlong in several automobile magazines Internet banner ads were also run throughout the year

Saab 9-5 Media Plan

Tactical Plan

Saab 9-5 Magazine Ad

Magazine ad

Saab 9-5 Dealer Kit

Dealer Information Kit

Saab 9-5 Direct Mail uestionnaire

Direct mail questionnaire

Saab 9-5 Direct Mail Response to Questionnaire

Response to direct mail questionnaire

Saab 9-5 Dealer Leads

Dealer lead information card

Saab 9-5 Dealer Sales Literature

Dealer consumer sales literature

Saab 9-5 Consumer Test Drive Contest

Test-drive invitation and contest

Saab 9-5 Consumer Test Drive Contest

Contest entry card

1-800-COLLECT Media Strategy

1-800-Collect media strategy guide

Media Overview
Advertisers are placing more emphasis than ever on media planning Choosing media & vehicles is the most complicated of all marketing communications decisions Aside from specific vehicles in media, the planner has to choose geographical locations and budget distribution over time

The Media-Planning Process

Media planning Involves the process of designing a scheduling plan that shows how advertising time and space will contribute to the achievement of marketing objectives

Overview for the Media Planning Process

Advertising Strategy

Marketing Strategy

Advertising Objectives

Advertising Budget

Message Strategy

Media Strategy

Media Strategy Audience Selection Objective Specification Media and Vehicle Media Buying

The Media-Planning Process

As shown in the figure, media planning involves coordination the coordination of three levels of strategy formulations: Marketing Strategy Advertising Strategy Media Strategy

The Media-Planning Process

Marketing Strategy: Provides impetus and direction for choice of both advertising and media strategies Advertising Strategy: Involves advertising budgets, objectives and message and media strategies extends from overall marketing strategy

The Media-Planning Process

1. Selecting the target audience 2. Specifying media objectives

3. Selecting media categories and vehicles

4. Buying media

Selecting the Target Audience

Four major factors
(1) Buyographics (2) Geographic (3) Demographic (4) Lifestyle/psychographics

Specifying Media Objectives

1. What proportion of the population should be reached with advertising message during specified period (reach) 2. How frequently should audience be exposed to message during this period (frequency) 3. How much total advertising is needed to accomplish reach and frequency objectives (weight)

Specifying Media Objectives

4. How should the advertising budget be allocated over time (continuity) 5. How close to the time of purchase should the target audience be exposed to the advertising message (recency) 6. What is the most economically justifiable way to accomplish objectives (cost)

Reach

Percentage of target audience that is exposed to an advertisement, at least once, during a certain time frame (usually four weeks)

Reach
Reach represents the percentage of target customers who have an opportunity to see the advertisers message. Other terms used by Media Planners to describe reach: 1+ (read one-plus) net coverage unduplicated audience cumulative audience ( or cume)

Factors Determining the Reach

More people are reached when a media schedule uses multiple media The number and diversity of media vehicles used By diversifying the day parts

Frequency
Average number of times an advertisement reaches the target audience in a four-week period

Market Factors/Frequency Levels

Market Factor
Brand History Brand Share Brand Loyalty Purchase Cycle Usage Cycle Share of Voice

Type
New High High Short Short High

Frequency
High Low Low High High High

Message Creative Factors/Frequency Levels

Message/Creative Factor Type Frequency

Message Complexity Simple Message Uniqueness Unique Newness New Image Factors Image Message variation Little

Low Low High High Low

Media Factors/Frequency Levels

Media Factor
Clutter Editorial Nature Attentiveness Scheduling Number of Media

Type
high Consistent High Continuous a Lot

Frequency
High Low Low Low Low

Weight
How much advertising volume is required to accomplish advertising objectives Three weight metrics: Gross ratings Target ratings Effective ratings

Weight
Gross rating points, or GRPs, are an indicator of the amount of gross weight that a particular advertising schedule is capable of delivering GRPs=Reach(R) X Frequency(F)

Determining GRPs in Practice

GRPs are the sum of all vehicle ratings in a media schedule Rating: proportion of the target audience presumed to be exposed to a single occurrence of an advertising vehicle in which the advertisers brand is advertised

Determining GRPs in Practice

100 GRPs could mean: 100 % exposed once 50 % exposed twice 25% exposed four times etc.

Weight
Target Rating Points (TRPs) Adjust a vehicles rating to reflect just those individuals who match the advertisers target audience

Weight

Effective Rating Points (ERPs) Effective reach Effective frequency

The Concept of ERPs

How often the target audience have an opportunity to be exposed? Effective reach is based on the idea that an advertising schedule is effective only if it does not reach members of target audience too few or too many times

How Many Exposures are Needed?

Three-Exposure Hypothesis The minimum number of exposures needed for advertising to be effective is three

How Many Exposures are Needed?

The Efficiency-Index Procedure Media schedule that generates the most exposure value per GRP

Efficiency Index Procedure

Exposure Value Exposure Distribution Total Exposure Value Index of Exposure Efficiency

Effective Reach in Advertising Practice

3-10 exposures during a mediaplanning period (typically 4 weeks) Using multiple media Subjective factors must be considered

Continuity

How advertising is allocated during the course of an advertising campaign : how should the media budget be distributed?

Continuity

Continuous schedule Pulsing Flighting

Continuous, Pulsing, and Flighting Schedules

Advertising Schedules

Ad $ (in thousands)

600 400 200 0 J F M A M Continuous J J A S O N D (months)

Pulsing

Flighting

Recency Planning

(1)Consumers first exposure to an advertisement is the most powerful (2)Advertising primary role is to influence brand choice (2) Achieving a high level of weekly reach for a brand should be emphasized over acquiring heavy frequency

Optimizing Weekly Reach

Advertising teaches consumers Influence brand selection Messages are most effective when close to purchase time Cost-Effectiveness of first exposure is greater than subsequent Allocate budget to reach consumers often Reach target audience continuously rather than sporadically

Toward Reconciliation
Illustration of advertisings Chance Encounter and the value of achieving reach

Cost Considerations

The cost of reaching 1,000 members of the target audience, excluding those people who fall outside the target market

Cost considerations
Cost per Thousand (CPM) Target Market (TM) CPM= Cost of ad # of contacts (expressed in thousands)

CPM-TM= Cost of ad # of TM contacts

(expressed in thousands)

Cost Considerations

Measures of cost efficiency, not of effectiveness Lack of comparability across media Misused unless vehicles within a particular medium are compared on the same basis

Tradeoffs

Tradeoff must be made because media planners operate under the constraint of fixed advertising budget

Media Planning Software

ADplus 1. User develops a media database 2. User selects criterion for schedule optimization 3. User specifies constraints 4. ADplus seeks out the optimum media schedule

Diet Dr. Pepper Campaign

Market Situation
Sluggish category growth Growth of new-age beverages Price sensitive Lack of bottler attention and focus Inadequate distribution Greater spending by major competitors

Media Strategy

Media plan for Diet Dr. Pepper

Media Plan for Diet Dr. Pepper

Media plan for Diet Dr. Pepper (page 2)

Campaign Target and Objectives

Increase sales by 4% and improve growth rate to 1.5 times the diet soda category Heighten consumer knowledge Differentiate product

Results

Sales grew by 6.6% Consumer brand ratings of Diet Dr. Pepper surpassed Diet Coke and Diet Pepsi in several key areas