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Jjackson Nano
Jjackson Nano
Jamie Jackson CIS 121: Computer Programming II (C++) Prof. Iretta Kearse
In this presentation
What is Nanotechnology?
Nanotechnology is the creation and use of materials or devices at extremely small scales. 1 nm = 0.000000001 m
Nanotechnology Foretold
Concept first introduced by American physicist Richard P. Feynman (19181988) Calculated that an encyclopedia set could be compressed to fit the head of a pin. Predicted several aspects in today s nanotechnology
Tools In Nanotechnology
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)
Uses high-energy electron beam to probe material with thickness < 100 nm. Some electrons are absorbed or bounced off object; some pass through the object and make magnified images Digital camera records images.
Use small silicon tip as probe to make images of sample material Probe moves along surface Electrons of atoms in sample repel those in probe Creates 3-D images
Uses nanosized probe to scan objects and materials Uses tunneling to detect surface and creates a map of surface Rate of electrons that tunnel from probe to surface related to distance between probe and surface
Microscopes used for imaging and manipulating nanostructures Arms in AFMs and STMs used to move around individual atoms Scientists at IBM made this image using an STM to with iron atoms into a circular structure
A Study and Analysis of Blue Morpho Butterfly Wing Nanostructures for Commercial Fabrication
Jamie Jackson Mentor: Dr. Eric Johnson Graduate Assistant: Tipper Rumpf
Abstract
This study focuses on the photonic crystals found in the scales of a butterfly wing, particularly those of the species known as the blue Morpho Rhetenor butterfly. To study these nanostructures, scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging and the development of a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) program were necessary. The FDTD program produced a graphical display of what colors are reflected as a result of light propagation. The purpose of this study was to find what method of fabrication is necessary to possibly reproducing these photonic crystals. Such fabrication methods would eventually be applied for commercial uses.
Applications
Researchers intend to developed adequate fabrication methods for commercial uses: Cosmetics Clothing Encoding in Fiber Optics Inhibition of Spontaneous Emission Paints Fabrics Integrated Optics Components Computer Circuits*
The FDTD modeling program uses Maxwell s curl equations for source-free materials:
(4).
xEz xEy xy xz
xEx xy
1 xH z (7) c0 xt
xHx xHz xz xx
n2 xEy c0 xt
(9)
xH y
xH x n2 xEz ! xx xy c0 xt
(10)
xEx Ex t (t Ex t $ xt (t
RHD
and
xHz $ xy
Hz y (y
Hz y (y
2 2
(y
. CD
These derivatives are plugged into each of the E and H vectors components to create update equations. For (8),
(y (y Ex t (t
Ex t
c0 Hz y 2
Hz y 2
! 2 (t (y n
(y (y c0(t Hz y 2 H z y 2 Ex t (t ! Ex 2 (y n
(11).
The FDTD algorithm works by continuously forcing Maxwell s curl equations over the duration of the model.
Numerical Results
Computer Circuits
Computer circuits are small pieces of semiconducting material containing an electronic circuit. Most commonly used in computers Consists of as many as millions of transistors. Nanotechnology is applied to the reduction in the size of these computer circuits!!!
The most common method of fabricating computer circuits is the topdown method
Thin films of materials, which make up a mask, are deposited on a silicon wafer Unnecessary portions are etched off
Benefits of Nanotechnology
In the computer world, nanotechnology is important to the development of small computer circuits that can reduced the size of computers.
Disadvantages of Nanotechnology
Safety hazards with nanomaterials Some studies detected possible cancercausing properties of carbon nanotubes Some nanomaterials bounded with other materials or components
Effects on Society
With the continual advancements and applications of nanotechnology to computer science, computers will surely improve drastically in the functionality, speed, and overall performance, as well as decrease in size providing more breathing room at home, at the office, or at school. These advancements have also begun to pave the way for portable devices such as MP3 players and PDAs. The world of computer science can only grow exponentially through the assistance of nanotechnologists. This topic interest me because I intend to focus my career in the research and development of nanodevices that affect the medical and computer science fields, as well as the everyday world in which we live.
Most lower-level computer science courses at Spelman (and Morehouse) may touch up on nanotechnology, or at least speak of their overall contributions without actually using the term itself.
Bibliography