ThuVienC (HieuIt)

Th Vien C Y!M: Information.Technology@yahoo.com.
vn
Mr.V Kim Hiu 1

Th Vin C

Hi! y l Th vin cc hm trong C cn bn m mnh su tm c! n rt hay v hu
ch cc bn. Hi vng bi vit ny s gip ch cho cc bn trong vic hc lp trnh C. Thn!
Mr.V Hiu.

1. In/Out
Danh sch cc hm s dng In/Out

1.clearerr

2.fclose

3.feof

4.ferror

5.fflush

6.fgetc

7.fgetpos

8.fgets

9.fopen

10.fprintf

11.fputc

12.fputs

13.fread

14.freopen

15.fscanf

16.fseek

17.fsetpos

18.ftell

19.fwrite

20.getc

21.getchar

22.gets
Th Vien C Y!M: Information.Technology@yahoo.com.vn
Mr.V Kim Hiu 2

23.perror

24.printf

25.putc

26.putchar

27.puts

28.remove

29.rename

30.rewind

31.scanf

32.setbuf

33.setvbuf

34.sprintf

35.sscanf

36.tmpfile

37.tmpnam

38.ungetc

39.vprintf, vfprintf, and vsprintf

Hm clearerr

Khai bo :
Trch dn:
void clearerr(FILE *stream);
Xo tn hiu li gy ra bi h thng khi thao tc trn tp tin gp li .

Example
Code:
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
FILE *fp;
char ch;

Mr.V Kim Hiu 3

/* mo tep tin de ghi */
fp = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w");

/*gay nen mot loi bang cach doc file*/
ch = fgetc(fp);
printf("%c\n",ch);

if (ferror(fp))
{
/* xuat ra man hinh thong bao loi */
printf("Error reading from DUMMY.FIL\n");

/* xoa tin hieu loi */
clearerr(fp);
}

fclose(fp);
return 0;
}

Hm fclose

Khai bo :
Trch dn:
int fclose(FILE *stream);
ng tp li sau khi thao tc , stream l tn con tr tp . Khi thnh cng hm tr v 0 , tri li
tr v EOF ( hng ch th kt thc tp )
Example
Code:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
FILE *fp;
char buf[11] = "0123456789";

fp = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w");
fwrite(&buf, strlen(buf), 1, fp);

/* dong tep */
fclose(fp);
return 0;
}

Hm feof

Khai bo :
Trch dn:
Mr.V Kim Hiu 4

int feof(FILE *stream);
Hm dng kim tra con tr tp c n cui tp hay cha . Nu n n cui tp th hm tr v
gi tr khc 0 , ngc li tr v 0
Example
Code:
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
FILE *stream;

/* mo mot tep de doc */
stream = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "r");

/* doc mot ky tu tu tep */
fgetc(stream);

/*kiem tra xem cuoi tep hay chua */
if (feof(stream))
printf("We have reached end-of-file\n");

/* dong tep*/
fclose(stream);
return 0;
}

Hm ferror

Khai bo :
Trch dn:
int ferror(FILE *stream);
Kim tra li thao tc trn tp . Hm tr v gi tr khc 0 nu c li , ngc li tr v 0 .
Example :
Code:
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
FILE *stream;

/* mo tep de ghi */
stream = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w");

/* gay ra mot loi bang cach doc*/
(void) getc(stream);

if (ferror(stream)) /* kiem tra loi tren tep*/
{
/* ghi loi ra man hinh*/
printf("Error reading from DUMMY.FIL\n");

Mr.V Kim Hiu 5

/* xoa tin hieu loi*/
clearerr(stream);
}

fclose(stream);
return 0;
}

Hm fflush

Khai bo :
Trch dn:
int fflush(FILE *stream);
Hm dng lm sch vng m ca tp . Nu thnh cng hm cho gi tr 0 , tri li hm tr v
EOF
Example
Code:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <io.h>

void flush(FILE *stream);

int main(void)
{
FILE *stream;
char msg[] = "This is a test";

/* tao 1 tep */
stream = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w");

/*ghi mot vai du lieu len tep */
fwrite(msg, strlen(msg), 1, stream);

clrscr();
printf("Press any key to flush DUMMY.FIL:");
getch();

flush(stream);

printf("\nFile was flushed, Press any key to quit:");
getch();
return 0;
}

void flush(FILE *stream)
{
int duphandle;

/* lam sach vung dem */
fflush(stream);

Mr.V Kim Hiu 6

duphandle = dup(fileno(stream));

close(duphandle);
}

Hm fgetc

Khai bo :
Trch dn:
int fgetc(FILE *stream);
Hm dng ly 1 k t t tp do con tr tp stream tr n . Nu thnh cng hm tr v m
ASCII ca k t c c . Nu gp li hay gp kt thc tp th hm tr v EOF .
Example
Code:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

int main(void)
{
FILE *stream;
char string[] = "This is a test";
char ch;

/* mo tep de ghi va doc */
stream = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w+");

/* ghi len tep mot chuoi */
fwrite(string, strlen(string), 1, stream);

/* dat con tro tep len dau tep */
fseek(stream, 0, SEEK_SET);

do
{
/* doc mot ky tu tu tep */
ch = fgetc(stream);

/* in ra man hinh ky tu doc duoc */
putch(ch);
} while (ch != EOF);

fclose(stream);
return 0;
}

Hm fgetpos

Khai bo :
Trch dn:
Mr.V Kim Hiu 7

int fgetpos( FILE *stream,fpos_t *pos )
Hm dng ly v tr con tr tp ( byte th my ) lu vo trong bin pos . Nu thnh cng hm
tr v 0 , ngc li hm tr v gi tr khc 0 .
Example
Code:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

void showpos(FILE *stream);

int main(void)
{
FILE *stream;
fpos_t filepos;

/* mo file de doc ghi */

/* luu lai vi tri con tro tep hien thoi */
fgetpos(stream, &filepos);

/* ghi du lieu len tep */
fprintf(stream, "This is a test");

/* in ra man hinh vi tri con tro hien thoi */
showpos(stream);

/* dat lai vi tri con tro tep */
if (fsetpos(stream, &filepos) == 0)
showpos(stream);
else
{
fprintf(stderr, "Error setting file pointer.\n");
exit(1);
}

/* dong tep*/
fclose(stream);
return 0;
}

void showpos(FILE *stream)
{
fpos_t pos;

/* in ra man hinh vi tri con tro tep hien thoi */
fgetpos(stream, &pos);
printf("File position: %ld\n", pos);
}
Hm fgets

Khai bo :
Trch dn:
Mr.V Kim Hiu 8

char *fgets(char *s,int n,FILE *fp);
Hm dng c mt chui k t di n-1 k t t tp fp vo chui s . Vic c kt thc khi
c n-1 k t hay gp du xung dng hay gp kt thc tp . Sau khi c , chui s s c
t ng thm vo k t NULL vo cui chui . Hm tr v i ch chui s nu thnh cng , tri li
tr v NULL .

Example
Code:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
FILE *stream;
char string[] = "This is a test";
char msg[20];

/* mo tep de doc ghi */

/* ghi mot chuoi vao tep */
fwrite(string, strlen(string), 1, stream);

fseek(stream, 0, SEEK_SET);

/* doc mot chuoi tu tep */
fgets(msg, strlen(string)+1, stream);

/* in chuoi ra man hinh */
printf("%s", msg);

fclose(stream);
return 0;
}

Hm fopen

Khai bo :
Trch dn:
FILE *fopen(char *filename,char *type );
Hm dng m tp . Vi filename l chui cha tn tp cn m ( bao gm c ng dn c
th ) . Lu mt cht vi filename ny . Nu bn nhp chui t bn phm th khc vi bn nh
sn n trong code ca bn . V d tp ta cn m tn l abc.jpg nm C . i vi nh tn tp
t bn phm th ta nh nh sau : C:\abc.jpg . Nhng nu ta son sn trong code th ta son
nh sau : C:\\abc.jpg ( tc l thm 1 gch \ ) .
Kiu m tp c rt nhiu cch nhng chung quy ta c cc trng hp sau cho kiu vn bn :
"r" : c
"w" : ghi
"r+" hay "w+" : c v ghi
"a" : ghi b sung
"a+" : c ghi b sung
Mr.V Kim Hiu 9

i vi m file nh phn bn ch cn thm ch b vo sau cc chui trn .
Nu vic m tp thnh cng hm cho a ch con tr tp , tri li hm tr v NULL .

Example
Code:
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
FILE *in, *out;

if ((in = fopen("\\AUTOEXEC.BAT", "r"))
== NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open input file.\n");
return 1;
}

if ((out = fopen("\\AUTOEXEC.BAK", "w"))
== NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open output file.\n");
return 1;
}

while (!feof(in))
fputc(fgetc(in), out);

fclose(in);
fclose(out);
return 0;
}

Hm fprintf

Khai bo :
Trch dn:
int fprintf(FILE *fp,char *s,...);
Hm ny chc nng y chang nh hm printf nhng thay v ghi ra mn hnh th n ghi ln tp fp .
Nu thnh cng hm tr v s byte ghi c ln tp , tri li hm tr v EOF .

Example
Code:
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
FILE *stream;
int i = 100;
char c = 'C';
float f = 1.234;
Mr.V Kim Hiu 10

/* mo tep de doc ghi */

fprintf(stream, "%d %c %f", i, c, f);

/* dong tep */
fclose(stream);
return 0;
}

Hm fputc

Khai bo :
Trch dn:
int fputc(int ch,FILE *fp);
Hm ghi mt k t c m ASCII l ch ln tp fp . khi thnh cng tr v m ASCII ca
k t c ghi , tri li hm cho EOF .

Example
Code:
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
char msg[] = "Hello world";
int i = 0;

while (msg[i])
{
fputc(msg[i], stdout);
i++;
}
return 0;
}

Hm fputs

Khai bo :
Trch dn:
int fputs(char *s,FILE *fp);
Hm ghi ln tp fp chui s . Ch rng chui s nn kt thc bng k t NULL , nu ko vic ghi
ln c th b sai lch . K t NULL ny ch ra v tr kt thc tp cho r rng ch n ko c ghi
ln tp . Hm tr v k t cui cng c ghi ln tp nu thnh cng , tri li hm cho EOF .

Example
Code:
Mr.V Kim Hiu 11

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
/* ghi mot chuoi ra dong xuat chuan ( man hinh ) */
fputs("Hello world\n", stdout);

return 0;
}

Hm fread

Khai bo :
Trch dn:
int fread(void *ptr,int size,int n,FILE *fp);
Hm c n mu tin , mi mu c kch thc size t tp fp lu vo trong vng nh ptr . Hm tr
v mt gi tr bng s mu tin thc s c c . Nu gp li hay gp kt thc tp hm tr v 0
.

Example
Code:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
FILE *stream;
char msg[] = "this is a test";
char buf[20];

if ((stream = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w+"))
== NULL)
{
return 1;
}

fwrite(msg, strlen(msg)+1, 1, stream);

fseek(stream, SEEK_SET, 0);

/* doc du lieu tu tep va xuat ra man hinh */
fread(buf, strlen(msg)+1, 1, stream);
printf("%s\n", buf);

fclose(stream);
return 0;
}

Mr.V Kim Hiu 12

Hm freopen

Khai bo :
Trch dn:
FILE *freopen(char *filename,char *type,FILE *fp);
Hm ny c chc nng gn con tr tp fp vo tp filename . Sau c th m c ghi trn tp
ny thng qua con tr tp fp . Hm ny c bit c ch khi ta mun gn cc con tr tp chun (
stdin , stdout , stderr ) vo 1 tp ca ta . Hm tr v NULL nu gp li .

Example
Code:
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
/* gan con tro tep chuan stdout ( man hinh ) vao tep output.fil */
if (freopen("OUTPUT.FIL", "w", stdout)
== NULL)
fprintf(stderr, "error redirecting stdout\n");

/* khi do cau lenh nay se khong con xuat ra man hinh nua ma xuat vao
tep output.fil */
printf("This will go into a file.");

/*dong tep stdout lai */
fclose(stdout);

return 0;
}

Hm fscanf

Khai bo :
Trch dn:
int fscanf(FILE *fp,char *s,...);
Hm c chc nng c d liu t tp . Lm vic ging nh hm scanf nhng thay v c t mn
hnh th hm fscanf c t tp thi . Hm tr v 1 gi tr bng s trng c c .

Example
Code:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
int i;

printf("Input an integer: ");

/* doc mot so nguyen tu dong vao chuan */
Mr.V Kim Hiu 13

if (fscanf(stdin, "%d", &i))
printf("The integer read was: %i\n", i);
else
{
fprintf(stderr, "Error reading an integer from
stdin.\n");
exit(1);
}
return 0;
}

Hm fseek

Khai bo :
Trch dn:
int fseek(FILE *fp,long sb,int xp);
Hm dng di chuyn con tr tp fp n v tr bt k . Vi sb l s byte cn di chuyn , xp l v tr
xut pht . Nu sb dng tc l di chuyn v cui tp , nu m th di chuyn v u tp . Nu xp
l 0 hay SEEK_SET tc l xut pht t u tp , nu l SEEK_CUR hay 1 tc l xut pht ti v tr
hin thi ca con tr tp , nu l SEEK_END hay 2 tc l xut pht ti cui tp .

Example
Code:
#include <stdio.h>

long filesize(FILE *stream);

int main(void)
{
FILE *stream;

stream = fopen("MYFILE.TXT", "w+");
printf("Filesize of MYFILE.TXT is %ld bytes\n",
filesize(stream));
fclose(stream);
return 0;
}

long filesize(FILE *stream)
{
long curpos, length;

curpos = ftell(stream);
fseek(stream, 0L, SEEK_END);
length = ftell(stream);
fseek(stream, curpos, SEEK_SET);
return length;
}

Mr.V Kim Hiu 14

Hm fsetpos

Khai bo :
Trch dn:
int fsetpos(FILE *stream , fpos_t pos);
Hm ny thng i km cng hm fgetpos . Hm dng di chuyn con tr tp n v tr c
lu trong con tr pos . V tr ny do hm fgetpos lu li t trc . Hm tr v 0 nu thnh cng ,
ngc li tr v gi tr khc 0 .

Example
Code:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

void showpos(FILE *stream);

int main(void)
{
FILE *stream;
fpos_t filepos;

/* mo file de doc ghi */

/* luu lai vi tri con tro tep hien thoi */
fgetpos(stream, &filepos);


/* in ra man hinh vi tri con tro hien thoi */
showpos(stream);

/* dat lai vi tri con tro tep */
if (fsetpos(stream, &filepos) == 0)
showpos(stream);
else
{
fprintf(stderr, "Error setting file pointer.\n");
exit(1);
}

/* dong tep*/
fclose(stream);
return 0;
}

void showpos(FILE *stream)
{
fpos_t pos;

/* in ra man hinh vi tri con tro tep hien thoi */
fgetpos(stream, &pos);
printf("File position: %ld\n", pos);
Mr.V Kim Hiu 15

}

Hm ftell

Khai bo :
Trch dn:
long ftell(FILE *fp);
Khi thnh cng hm cho vit v tr con tr tp hin thi ang v tr th my ( tnh t u tp ) ,
s hiu ca byte tnh t 0 . Ngc li hm tr v -1L . Ni thm 1 t v -1L c ngha l -1 m lu
di dng long ( dng 4 byte lu ) .

Example
Code:
int main(void)
{
FILE *stream;

stream = fopen("MYFILE.TXT", "w+");
printf("The file pointer is at byte %ld\n",
ftell(stream));
fclose(stream);
return 0;
}

Hm fwrite

Khai bo :
Trch dn:
int fwrite( void *ptr,int size,int n,FILE *fp );
Hm dng ghi n mu tin kch thc size byte t vng nh ptr ln tp fp . Hm tr v 1 gi tr
bng s mu tin thc s c c .

Example
Code:
#include <stdio.h>

struct mystruct
{
int i;
char ch;
};

int main(void)
{
FILE *stream;
struct mystruct s;

Mr.V Kim Hiu 16

if ((stream = fopen("TEST.$$$", "wb")) == NULL) /* mo tep TEST.$$$
*/
{
return 1;
}
s.i = 0;
s.ch = 'A';
fwrite(&s, sizeof(s), 1, stream); /* vit cu trc s ln tep */
fclose(stream); /* dong tep */
return 0;
}

2. String & Character

Danh sch cc hm vi String & Character

1.atof

2.atoi

3.atol

4.isalnum

5.isalpha

6.iscntrl

7.isdigit

8.isgraph

9.islower

10.isprint

11.ispunct

12.isspace

13.isupper

14.isxdigit

15.memchr

16.memcmp

17.memcpy

18.memmove
Mr.V Kim Hiu 17

19.memset

20.strcat

21.strchr

22.strcmp

23.strcoll

24.strcpy

25.strcspn

26.strerror

27.strlen

28.strncat

29.strncmp

30.strncpy

31.strpbrk

32.strrchr

33.strspn

34.strstr

35.strtod

36.strtok

37.strtol

38.strtoul

39.strxfrm

40.tolower

41.toupper

1. atof()
Tn hm: atof()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
Mr.V Kim Hiu 18

#include <stdlib.h>
double atof( const char *str );

Chui 'str' phi bt u bng k t s, nu khng s b li chng trnh (termination)

V d v 3 trng hp
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
char *strA="30.4";
char *strB="17.3 thu xem dc khong?";
char *strC="Cai nay chac co loi 33.4";
double a,b,c;

a = atof(strA);
b = atof(strB);
//c = atof(strC); <--- Dong nay convert se bi loi

printf("\nGia tri cua chuoi %s sau khi convert la %.2f",strA,a);
printf("\nGia tri cua chuoi %s sau khi convert la %.2f",strB,b);
//printf("\nGia tri cua chuoi %s sau khi convert la %.2f",strC,c);
<--- bo comment ra se co loi

return 0;
}

2. atoi()

Tn hm: atoi()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <cstdlib>
int atoi( const char *str );

'str' phi bt u bng s hoc k t trng <space> nu khng convert s fail v tr v 0.

Code minh ha
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
int i;
i = atoi( "512" );
printf("\nGia tri cua i la: %d",i);
i = atoi( "512.035" );
i = atoi( " 512.035" );
i = atoi( " 512+34" );
Mr.V Kim Hiu 19

i = atoi( " 512 bottles of beer on the wall" );
// Truong hop duoi day se in ra 0
i = atoi(" that bai 512 ");
return 0;
}

3. atol()

Tn hm: atol()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <stdlib.h>
long atol( const char *str );

Tng t nh atoi()
Minh ha
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
int i;
i = atol( "512" );
i = atol( "512.035" );
i = atol( " 512.035" );
i = atol( " 512+34" );
i = atol( " 512 bottles of beer on the wall" );
// Truong hop duoi day se in ra 0
i = atol(" that bai 512 ");

return 0;
}

4. isalnum()
Tn hm: isalnum()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <ctype.h>
int isalnum( int ch );

Kim tra mt k t l s hay ch ci.
Nu ng tr v gi tr khc 0
Nu sai tr v 0
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
Mr.V Kim Hiu 20

int main(void)
{
char x='X';

if(isalnum(x)) {
printf("Day la ki tu %c",x);
} else {
printf("Ki tu %c ko phai la so hoac chu",x);
}
return 0;
}

5.isalpha()

Tn hm: isalpha()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <ctype.h>
int isalpha( int ch );

Kim tra mt k t c phi l ch ci hay khng.
ng th tr v khc 0
Sai th tr v 0
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>

int main(void)
{
char x='0';

if(isalpha(x)) {
printf("Day la ki tu chu cai %c",x);
} else {
printf("Ki tu %c ko phai la chu cai",x);
}
return 0;
}

6. iscntrl()

Tn hm: iscntrl()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <ctype.h>
int iscntrl( int ch );

Kim tra mt k t c thuc nhm k t iu khin hay khng
Nhm k t iu khin (Control Character) nm t : 0x00 n 0x1F v k t 0x7F
ng th tr v khc 0
Sai th tr v 0

Mr.V Kim Hiu 21

Xem bng k t y:

PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>

int main(void)
{
char x='\x7F';

if(iscntrl(x)) {
printf("Day la ki tu dieu khien ",x);
} else {
printf("Ki tu nay ko thuoc nhom ki tu dieu khien",x);
}
return 0;
}

7. isdigit()

Tn hm: isdigit()
nh ngha:
Mr.V Kim Hiu 22

PHP Code:
#include <ctype.h>
int isdigit( int ch );

Kim tra 1 k t c phi l k t s hay khng
ng th tr v khc 0
Sai th tr v 0
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>

int main(void)
{
char x='7';

if(isdigit(x)) {
printf("Ki tu %c la ki tu so",x);
} else {
printf("Ki tu %c ko phai ki tu so",x);
}
return 0;
}

8. isgraph()

Tn hm: isgraph()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <ctype.h>
int isgraph( int ch );

Bt c k t no c th in ra c (printable character) u gi l Graphical Character, ngoi tr
k t <space>
Kim tra xem k t c thuc nhm graph khng
ng th tr v khc 0
Sai th tr v 0
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>

int main(void)
{
char x='t';

if(isgraph(x)) {
printf("Ki tu %c thuoc nhom graphical char",x);
} else {
printf("Ki tu %c ko thuoc nhom graphical char",x);
}
return 0;
}

9. islower()

Mr.V Kim Hiu 23

Tn hm: islower()
nh ngha
PHP Code:
#include <ctype.h>
int islower( int ch );

Kim tra mt k t xem c phi ch in thng khng
ng th tr v khc 0
Sai th tr v 0
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>

int main(void)
{
char x='K';

if(islower(x)) {
printf("Ki tu %c la chu in thuong",x);
} else {
printf("Ki tu %c ko phai chu in thuong",x);
}
return 0;
}

10. isprint()

Tn hm: isprint()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <ctype.h>
int isprint( int ch );

Printable character bao gm Graphical Character v k t trng <space>

kim tra 1 k t c phi l printable character hay khng
ng th tr v khc 0
Sai th tr v 0
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>

int main(void)
{
char x='\x7F';

if(isprint(x)) {
printf("Ki tu %c la printable char",x);
} else {
printf("Ki tu %c ko phai printable char",x);
}
return 0;
}
11. ispunct()
Mr.V Kim Hiu 24

Tn hm: ispunct()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <ctype.h>
int ispunct( int ch );

Punctuation Character l cc k t trong nhm Graphical Character nhng khng phi l ch ci
hay s
ng th tr v khc 0
Sai th tr v 0
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>

int main(void)
{
char x='\'';

if(ispunct(x)) {
printf("Ki tu %c la punct char",x);
} else {
printf("Ki tu %c ko phai punct char",x);
}
return 0;
}

12. isspace()

Tn hm: isspace()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <ctype.h>
int isspace( int ch );

Space Character l nhng k t to nn khong trng (line feed, form feed...)
ng th tr v khc 0
Sai th tr v 0
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>

int main(void)
{
char x='\x0B';

if(isspace(x)) {
printf("Ki tu %c la space char",x);
} else {
printf("Ki tu %c ko phai space char",x);
}
return 0;
}

Mr.V Kim Hiu 25

13. isupper()

Tn hm: isupper()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <ctype.h>
int isupper( int ch );

Kim tra mt k t c phi ch in Hoa hay khng
ng th tr v khc 0
Sai th tr v 0
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>

int main(void)
{
char x='x';

if(isupper(x)) {
printf("Ki tu %c la chu in hoa",x);
} else {
printf("Ki tu %c ko phai chu in hoa",x);
}
return 0;
}

14. isxdigit()

Tn hm: isxdigit()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <ctype.h>
int isxdigit( int ch );

Kim tra xem mt k t c phi l s h thp lc (Hex - 16) hay khng
ng th tr v khc 0
Sai th tr v 0
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>

int main(void)
{
char x='B';

if(isxdigit(x)) {
printf("Ki tu %c la hex char",x);
} else {
printf("Ki tu %c ko phai hex char",x);
}
return 0;
}
15. memchr()
Mr.V Kim Hiu 26

Tn hm: memchr()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <string.h>
void *memchr( const void *buffer, int ch, size_t count );

Tm v tr xut hin u tin ca k t 'ch' trong buffer ca mt chui 'buffer' trong khong k t
gii hn 'count' cho trc.
Nu tm thy th tr v v tr k t xut hin trong chui 'buffer'
Ngc li NULL tr v
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
char buffer[]="Xcross87 is a chick of programming";
char x='X';

int found = memchr(buffer,x,strlen(buffer));

if(found) {
printf(" Tim thay %c ",x);
} else {
printf(" Khong tim thay ki tu %c ",x);
}

return 0;
}

16. memcmp()

Tn hm: memcmp()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <string.h>
int memcmp( const void *buffer1, const void *buffer2, size_t count );

So snh 'count' k t u tin ca 2 chui buffer1 v buffer2
Gi tr tr v:
PHP Code:
Nh hn 0 : buffer1 < buffer2
= 0 : buffer1=buffer2
Ln hn 0 : buffer1 > buffer2

PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
char buffer1[]="Xcross87 is a chick of programming";
char buffer2[]="Xcross87 is a crazy";

Mr.V Kim Hiu 27

int compare_result = memcmp(buffer1,buffer2,strlen(buffer2));

if(compare_result < 0) {
printf(" buffer1 < buffer2 ");
} else if (compare_result == 0) {
printf(" buffer1 = buffer2 ");
} else {
printf(" buffer1 > buffer2 ");
}

return 0;
}

17. memcpy()

Tn hm: memcpy()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <string.h>
void *memcpy( void *to, const void *from, size_t count );

Copy 'count' k t t 'from' sang 'to'.
Gi tr tr v l 'to'

Ch : hm ny s copy nguyn chnh xc s bytes cn copy v khng copy bytes cui cng ca
string '\0'. V vy cn phi copy n+1 nu mun copy n byte
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
const char from[]="Xcross87 is a chick of programming";
char* to;

memcpy(to,from,strlen(from)+1);

printf(" Gia tri cua \'to\' sau khi copy la: %s ",to);

return 0;
}
18. memmove()

Tn hm: memmove()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <string.h>
void *memmove( void *to, const void *from, size_t count );

Ging hm memcpy() nhng x l c tnh hung overlap vi from v to.

Ch : nn s dng memmove() thay v s dng memcpy()
PHP Code:
Mr.V Kim Hiu 28

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
const char from[]="Xcross87 is a chick of programming";
char* to;

memmove(to,from,strlen(from));

printf("\n Gia tri cua \'to\' sau khi move la: %s ",to);

return 0;
}
19. memset()

Tn hm: memset()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <string.h>
void* memset( void* buffer, int ch, size_t count );

Lp y 'count' bytes u tin trong 'buffer' vi k t 'ch'
Hm chuyn s dng lp y hoc khi to memory block hay array, tc x l tt hn
vng lp.
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#define LENGTH 10
int main(void)
{

char x='X';
char buffer[LENGTH];
int cnt=0;

memset(buffer,x,LENGTH);
for(;cnt < LENGTH; cnt++) {
printf("\nbuffer[%d] = %c",cnt,buffer[cnt]);
}

return 0;
}
20. strcat()

Tn hm: strcat()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <string.h>
char *strcat( char *str1, const char *str2 );

Ni 'str2' vo 'str1' v tr v 'str1'
Ch : Hm d xy ra overflow, copy qu gii hn cho php (over bound)
PHP Code:
Mr.V Kim Hiu 29

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
char *str1="Xcross87 ";
char *str2="is a crazy";

str1 = strcat(str1,str2);

printf(" Sau khi noi chuoi: %s ",str1);

return 0;
}
21. strchr()

tn hm: strchr()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <string.h>
char *strchr( const char *str, int ch );

Hm tr v gi tr chui bt u vi 'ch' trong chui 'str'. Tr v NULL nu khng tm thy g ht.

v d di y s cho ra kt qu l : 'ss87'
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
const char *str="Xcross87 ";
char* found;

found = strchr(str,'s');
if ( NULL == found ) {
printf(" Not found ");
} else {
printf(" Found %s ",found);
}

return 0;
}

22. strcmp()

tn hm: strcmp()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <string.h>
int strcmp( const char *str1, const char *str2 );

So snh 2 chui 'str1' v 'str2'
Gi tr tr v ;
Mr.V Kim Hiu 30

PHP Code:
< 0 : str1 < str2
= 0 : str1 = str2
> 0 : str1 > str2

PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
const char *str1="Xcross87 ";
const char *str2="Xcross";

int result = strcmp(str1,str2);

if(result < 0) {
printf(" str1 < str2 ");
} else if (result == 0) {
printf(" str1 = str2 ");
} else {
printf(" str1 > str2 ");
}

return 0;
}

23. strcoll()

tn hm: strcoll()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <cstring>
int strcoll( const char *str1, const char *str2 );
24. strcpy()

tn hm: strcpy()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <string.h>
char *strcpy( char *to, const char *from );

Copy t chui 'from' sang chui 'to'
Ch : hm d xy ra buffer overflow
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
const char *from="Xcross87 ";
char *to;

Mr.V Kim Hiu 31

to = strcpy(to,from);

printf("sau khi copy: %s",to);

return 0;
}

25. strcspn()

tn hm: strcspn()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <string.h>
size_t strcspn( const char *str1, const char *str2 );

Tr v v tr u tin ca bt c k t no trong 'str1' tm thy trong 'str2'
Nu khng tm thy th tr v di chui str1
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
const char *str="Xcross87 ";
char *key="123456789";

int pos = strcspn(str,key);

printf("tim thay o vi tri %d",pos);

return 0;
}

26. strerror()

tn hm: strerror()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <string.h>
char *strerror( int num );

Ly chui error bo li tng ng ca li tm c

V d di y minh ha bo li khng tm thy file
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>

int main(void)
Mr.V Kim Hiu 32

{
FILE* pfile;

pfile = fopen("file_name.o","r");
if (NULL == pfile) {
printf("%s",strerror(errno));
}

return 0;
}

27. strlen()

tn hm: strlen()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <string.h>
size_t strlen( char *str );

Hm tr v di ca chui
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
const char *str="congdongcviet.com";

printf("do dai chuoi la: %d",strlen(str));

return 0;
}

28. strncat()

tn hm: strncat()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <string.h>
char *strncat( char *str1, const char *str2, size_t count );

Ni chui c ban nh hm strcat() nhng ch nh s byte ca chui str2 ni vo str1
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
const char *str1="con ga";
const char *str2=" xcross87 is crazy";
char *result;

result = strncat(str1,str2,9);

Mr.V Kim Hiu 33

printf("Chuoi sau khi noi: %s",result);

return 0;
}

29. strncmp()

tn hm: strncmp()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <string.h>
int strncmp( const char *str1, const char *str2, size_t count );

Ging hm strcmp() nhng ch so snh 'count' bytes cho trc.

30. strncpy()

tn hm: strncpy()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <string.h>
char *strncpy( char *to, const char *from, size_t count );

Copy t from vo to vi s byte quy nh

31. strpbrk()

tn hm: strpbrk()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <string.h>
char* strpbrk( const char* str1, const char* str2 );

tr v k t xut hin u tin trong 'str1' xut hin trong 'str2'.
Tr v NULL nu khng tm thy.
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
const char *str1="con ga trong ko phai la con ga mai";
const char *str2="zzzzzzzzzzzza";
char* found;

found = strpbrk(str1,str2);

if (NULL != found) {
printf(" Tim thay ki tu dau tien: %c ",*found);
}

return 0;
}
Mr.V Kim Hiu 34

32. strpbrk()

tn hm: strpbrk()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <string.h>
char* strpbrk( const char* str1, const char* str2 );

tr v k t xut hin u tin trong 'str1' xut hin trong 'str2'.
Tr v NULL nu khng tm thy.
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
const char *str2="zzzzzzzzzzzza";
char* found;

found = strpbrk(str1,str2);

if (NULL != found) {
printf(" Tim thay ki tu dau tien: %c ",*found);
}
return 0;
}

33. strrchr

tn hm: strrchr()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <string.h>
char *strrchr( const char *str, int ch );

Tr v s xut hin cui cng ca k t 'ch' trong chui 'str'
35. strstr(0

tn hm: strstr()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <string.h>
size_t strspn( const char *str1, const char *str2 );

tr v con tr ti v tr u tin ca str2 trong str1 nu tm thy
tr v NULL nu khng thy
nu di ca str2 l 0 th tr v di ca str1.
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
Mr.V Kim Hiu 35

{
const char *str2="la";
char* result;

result = strstr(str1,str2);

if(NULL != result) {
printf(" Doan tim thay: %s", result);
}

return 0;
}

36. strtod()

tn hm: strtod()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <stdlib.h>
double strtod( const char *start, char **end );

start l chui u vo ca convert; end l phn cn li ca chui sau khi convert.
convert thnh cng th tr v s double convert
nu tht bi th tr v: 0.0
nu convert thnh cng m kt qu li qu to so vi gii hn ca double th HUGE_VAL c tr
v v errno=ERANGE
nu underflow th tr v 0.0 v errno=ERANGE
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main ()
{
char *start="12.3 xcross87 in congdongcviet.com";
char *end;
double result;

result = strtod(start,&end);

printf("Sau khi convert: ");
printf("\n start = %s ",start);
printf("\n end = %s ",end);
printf("\n result = %lf",result);

return 0;
}

37. strtok()

tn hm: strtok()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
Mr.V Kim Hiu 36

#include <string.h>
char *strtok( char *str1, const char *str2 );

tr v chui u tin c ca ra trong str1 theo kha str2.
nu khng tm thy th tr v NULL.
sau khi kt thc ton b token trong str1 th str1=NULL
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main ()
{
char *str1="xcross87 | xcross87.info | hcegroup.net | congdongcviet
.com";
const char *str2="|";
char *token = NULL;

// token lan 1
token = strtok(str1,str2);

printf("\nstr1 = %s",str1);
printf("\ntoken = %s\n",token);

// token lan 2
token = strtok(NULL,str2);

printf("\ntoken = %s\n",token);

return 0;
}

38. strtol()

tn hm: strtol()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <stdlib.h>
long strtol( const char *start, char **end, int base );

tng t strtod() nhng chui vo start c base cho trc convert sang.

39. strtoul()

tn hm: strtoul()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <stdlib.h>
unsigned long strtoul( const char *start, char **end, int base );

ging nh strtol() nhng cho kiu unsigned long

Mr.V Kim Hiu 37

40. strxfrm()

tn hm: strxfrm()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <string.h>
size_t strxfrm( char *str1, const char *str2, size_t num );

copy 'num' bytes t str2 sang str1

41. tolower()

tn hm: tolower()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <ctype.h>
int tolower( int ch );

convert sang k t thng
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>

int main ()
{
char x='X';

x = tolower(x);
printf("sau khi convert: %c",x);

return 0;
}
42. toupper()

tn hm: toupper()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <ctype.h>
int toupper( int ch );

convert k t sang k t hoa
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>

int main ()
{
char x='x';

x = toupper(x);
printf("sau khi convert: %c",x);

Mr.V Kim Hiu 38

return 0;
}
3. Math
Cc hm lm vic lin quan n MATH
1.abs

2.acos

3.asin

4.tan

5.atan2

6.ceil

7.cos

8.cosh

9.div

10.exp

11.fabs

12.floor

13.fmod

14.frexp

15.labs

16.ldexp

17.ldiv

19.log

20.log10

21.modf

22.pow

23.sin

24.sinh

25.sqrt

26.tan
Mr.V Kim Hiu 39

27.tanh

1. abs()

tn hm: abs()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <stdlib.h>
int abs( int num );

tr v gi tr tuyt i ca 1 s
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
int x=-10;

printf("Gia tri tuyet doi cua %d la %d",x,abs(x));
return 0;
}
2. acos()

tn hm: acos()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <math.h>
double acos( double arg );

tr v gi tr arc cosine ca 'arg' trong khong [0,PI], arg nm trong khong [-1,1]. Nu arg
ngoi gii hn cho php th acos() tr v gi tr NAN
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
double x=-1;

printf("acos(%.2lf) = %.2lf",x,acos(x));
return 0;
}
3. asin()

tn hm: asin()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <math.h>
double asin( double arg );

hm tr v arc sine ca arg
Mr.V Kim Hiu 40

PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
double x=0;

printf("asin(%.2lf) = %.2lf",x,asin(x));
return 0;
}
4. atan()

tn hm: atan()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <math.h>
double atan( double arg );

Hm tr v arc tangent ca mt s
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
double x=0;

printf("atan(%.2lf) = %.2lf",x,atan(x));
return 0;
}
5. atan2()

tn hm: atan2()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <math.h>
double atan2( double y, double x );

tr v arc tangent ca y/x
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
double y=0;
double x=100;

printf("atan2(%.2lf/%.2lf) = %.2lf",y,x,atan(y/x));
return 0;
}
7. ceil()

Mr.V Kim Hiu 41

tn hm: ceil()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <math.h>
double ceil( double num );

tr v gi tr trn ca mt s
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
double x = 1.3;

printf("ceil(%.2lf) = %.2lf",x,ceil(x));
return 0;
}
8. cos()

tn hm: cos()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <math.h>
double cos( double arg );

tr v gi tr cosine ca mt s
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
double x = 0;

printf("cos(%.2lf) = %.2lf",x,cos(x));
return 0;
}
9. cosh()

tn hm: cosh()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <math.h>
double cosh( double arg );

tr v gi tr hyperbolic cosine ca mt s
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
Mr.V Kim Hiu 42

double x = 0;

printf("cosh(%.2lf) = %.2lf",x,cosh(x));
return 0;
}
10.div()

tn hm: div()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <stdlib.h>
div_t div( int numerator, int denominator );

tr v phn nguyn v phn d ca mt php chia
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
int x = 17;
int y = 4;
div_t result;

result = div(x,y);

printf("Phan nguyen: %d || Phan du: %d ",result.quot,result.rem);
return 0;
}
11. exp()

tn hm: exp()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <math.h>
double exp( double arg );

tr v ly tha ca e
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
double x = 2;

printf("e^2 = %.2lf",exp(x));
return 0;
}
12. fabs()

tn hm: fabs()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
Mr.V Kim Hiu 43

#include <math.h>
double fabs( double arg );

tr v gi tr tuyt i ca s thc
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
double x = -2.2;

printf("|-2.2| = %.2lf",fabs(x));
return 0;
}
13. floor()

tn hm: floor()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <math.h>
double floor( double arg );

tr v gi tr sn ca mt s
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
double x = -2.2;

printf("floor(%.2lf) = %.2lf",x,floor(x));
return 0;
}
14. fmod()

tn hm: fmod()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <math.h>
double fmod( double x, double y );

tr v phn d ca php chia: x/y
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
double x = 2.2;
double y = 1.1;

Mr.V Kim Hiu 44

printf("%.2lf/%.2lf du %.2lf",x,y,fmod(x,y));
return 0;
}
15. frexp()

tn hm: frexp()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <math.h>
double frexp( double num, int* exp );

hm ny dng vi phng trnh: num = result * ( 2 ^ exp );
hm tr v result:
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
double x = 2.2;
int exp;
double result;

result = frexp(x,&exp);

printf(" %f = %f * ( 2 ^ %d ) ", x, result,exp);
return 0;
}
16. labs()

tn hm: labs()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <stdlib.h>
long labs( long num );

tr v gi tr tuyt i ca mt s kiu long integer
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
long x = -3333333;

printf(" |%ld| = %ld " , x , labs(x));
return 0;
}
17. ldexp()

tn hm: ldexp()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
Mr.V Kim Hiu 45

#include <math.h>
double ldexp( double num, int exp );

hm tr v gi tr ca php ton: num * (2 ^ exp)
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
double num = 3.2;
int exp = 2;

printf(" Ket qua la : %.2lf ", ldexp(num,exp));
return 0;
}
18. ldiv()

tn hm: ldiv()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <stdlib.h>
ldiv_t ldiv( long numerator, long denominator );

tr v phn nguyn v d ca s kiu long
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
long x = 30;
long y = 17;
ldiv_t result = ldiv(x,y);

printf(" Phan nguyen = %ld || Phan du = %ld ",result.quot, result.r
em);
return 0;
}
19. log()

tn hm: log()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <math.h>
double log( double num );

tr v logarit t nhin ca num
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
Mr.V Kim Hiu 46

{
double num = 2;

printf(" log(%.2lf) = %.2lf " , num, log(num));
return 0;
}
20. log10()

tn hm: log10()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <math.h>
double log10( double num );

tr v logarit c s 10 ca num
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
double num = 2;

printf(" log10(%.2lf) = %.2lf " , num, log10(num));
return 0;
}

21. modf()

tn hm: modf()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <math.h>
double modf( double num, double *i );

tch phn nguyn v thp phn ca mt s thp phn
hm tr v phn thp phn
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
double num = 1.17;
double intpart;

double fractpart = modf(num,&intpart);

printf(" %lf = %lf + %lf " , num,intpart,fractpart);
return 0;
}
22. pow()

Mr.V Kim Hiu 47

tn hm: pow()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <math.h>
double pow( double base, double exp );

tnh ly tha ca mt s
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
double base = 2;
double exp = 3;

printf(" %lf^%lf = %lf ", base,exp,pow(base,exp));
return 0;
}
23. sin()

tn hm: sin()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <math.h>
double sin( double arg );

tr v sin ca 'arg'
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
double x = 0;

printf(" sin(%.1lf) = %lf ",x,sin(x));
return 0;
}
24. sinh()

tn hm: sinh()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <math.h>
double sinh( double arg );

tr v hyperbolic sine ca 'arg'
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
Mr.V Kim Hiu 48

{
double x = 0;

printf(" sinh(%.1lf) = %lf ",x,sinh(x));
return 0;
}
25. sqrt()

tn hm: sqrt()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <math.h>
double sqrt( double num );

tr v cn bc 2 ca mt s
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
double x = 4;

printf(" sqrt(%.1lf) = %lf ",x,sqrt(x));
return 0;
}
26. tan()

tn hm: tan()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <math.h>
double tan( double arg );

tr v tangent ca 'arg'
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
double x = 4;

printf(" tan(%.1lf) = %lf ",x,tan(x));
return 0;
}
27. tanh()

tn hm: tanh()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <math.h>
double tanh( double arg );

tr v hyperbolic tangent ca 'arg'
Mr.V Kim Hiu 49

PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
double x = 4;

printf(" tanh(%.1lf) = %lf ",x,tanh(x));
return 0;
}
4. Date & Time

Cc hm x l Date & time

1.asctime

2.clock

3.ctime

4.difftime

5.gmtime

6.localtime

7.mktime

8.setlocale

9.strftime

10.time

1. asctime()

tn hm: asctime()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <time.h>
char *asctime( const struct tm *ptr );

convert cu trc 'ptr'(pointer to time struct) thnh chui thi gian c dng
Code:
day month date hours:minutes:seconds year
v d:
Code:
Mon Jun 26 12:03:53 2000
v d
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
Mr.V Kim Hiu 50

int main(void)
{
time_t rawtime;
struct tm *timeinfo;

time(&rawtime);
timeinfo = localtime(&rawtime);
printf("The current date/time is: %s",asctime(timeinfo));

return 0;
}
2. clock()

tn hm: clock()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <ctime>
clock_t clock( void );

tr v s tick ng h k t khi bt u chng trnh

v d
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>

void wait(int sec)
{
clock_t endwait;
endwait = clock() + sec * CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
while(clock() < endwait) {}
}
int main(void)
{
int cnt = 0;

printf("I'm sleeping for 5 seconds...\n");
for(; cnt < 5; cnt++) {
printf("%d\n",cnt);
wait(1);
}
printf("Wake up NOW !");

return 0;
}
3. ctime()

tn hm: ctime()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <time.h>
char *ctime( const time_t *time );

ly thi gian di dng
PHP Code:
Mr.V Kim Hiu 51

day month date hours:minutes:seconds year

tng ng vi asctime(localtime(&timeptr))

v d
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>

int main(void)
{
time_t rawtime;

time(&rawtime);

printf("Time now is: %s",ctime(&rawtime));

return 0;
}
4. difftime()

tn hm: difftime()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <time.h>
double difftime( time_t time2, time_t time1 );

Tr v s giy so snh bng giy
5. gmtime()

tn hm: gmtime()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <time.h>
struct tm *gmtime( const time_t *time );

tr v pointer ti GMT

v d ly gi H Ni GMT +7 [ICT]
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>

#define ICT (+7)

int main(void)
{
struct tm *gmt;
time_t raw;

time(&raw);
gmt = gmtime(&raw);

printf("GMT +7:00 | %2d:%2d ",(gmt->tm_hour+ICT)%24,gmt-
>tm_min);
Mr.V Kim Hiu 52

return 0;
}
6. localtime()

tn hm: localtime()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <time.h>
struct tm *localtime( const time_t *time );

tr v local time
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>

int main(void)
{
time_t rawtime;
struct tm *local;

time(&rawtime);
local = localtime(&rawtime);

printf("Local time: %s",asctime(local));

return 0;
}
7. mktime()

tn hm: mktime()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <time.h>
time_t mktime( struct tm *time );

tr v calendar time tng ng vi localtime, nu tht bi th tr v -1

v d: kim tra xem ngy 17 thng 1 nm 1987 l th my
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>

int main(void)
{
time_t rawtime;
struct tm *info;
char *weekday[] = { "Sunday", "Monday",
"Tuesday", "Wednesday",
"Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"};

time(&rawtime);
info = localtime(&rawtime);
info->tm_year = 1987 - 1900;
Mr.V Kim Hiu 53

info->tm_mon = 1;
info->tm_mday = 17;

mktime(info);

printf("That weekday is %s", weekday[info->tm_wday]);

return 0;
}
8.setlocale

8. strftime()

tn hm: strftime()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <time.h>
size_t strftime( char *str, size_t maxsize, const char *fmt, struct tm
*time );

convert time format t time sang str vi kiu format 'fmt' v buffer size 'maxsize'

v d ly thi gian hin ti
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>

int main(void)
{
time_t rawtime;
struct tm *now;
char buffer[80];

time(&rawtime);
now = localtime(&rawtime);
strftime(buffer,80,"time now is %I:%M %p",now);
puts(buffer);

return 0;
}

9. time()

tn hm: time()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <time.h>
time_t time( time_t *time );

ly calendar thi gian hin ti (thi im t 01-Jan-1970)
nu tht bi tr v -1
8. strftime()

tn hm: strftime()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
Mr.V Kim Hiu 54

#include <time.h>
size_t strftime( char *str, size_t maxsize, const char *fmt, struct tm
*time );

convert time format t time sang str vi kiu format 'fmt' v buffer size 'maxsize'

v d ly thi gian hin ti
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>

int main(void)
{
time_t rawtime;
struct tm *now;
char buffer[80];

time(&rawtime);
now = localtime(&rawtime);
strftime(buffer,80,"time now is %I:%M %p",now);
puts(buffer);

return 0;
}
10. time()

tn hm: time()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <time.h>
time_t time( time_t *time );

ly calendar thi gian hin ti (thi im t 01-Jan-1970)
nu tht bi tr v -1

5. Memory

Cc hm s dng vi Memory

1. calloc

2. free

3. malloc

4. realloc
1. Calloc()

tn hm : calloc()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <stdlib.h>
void* calloc( size_t num, size_t size );

cung cp khong trng cho mng trong memory. thnh cng th gi tr khi to l 0. tht bi tr
v NULL
Mr.V Kim Hiu 55

PHP Code:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
int cnt = 0;
int *data;

data = (int*) calloc(4,sizeof(int));
if(data == NULL) exit(1);

for(; cnt < 4; cnt++)
data[cnt] = cnt;

for(cnt = 0; cnt < 4; cnt++) {
printf(" %d",data[cnt]);
}
free(data);
return 0;
}
2. free()

tn hm: free()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <stdlib.h>
void free( void* ptr );

gii phng b nh sau khi cp pht
3. malloc()

tn hm: malloc()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <stdlib.h>
void *malloc( size_t size );

cp pht b nh, NULL nu tht bi
PHP Code:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
char *buffer;
int cnt = 0;

buffer = (char*) malloc(10);
if(buffer == NULL) exit(1);

for(;cnt < 9; cnt++)
buffer[cnt] = rand()%26 + 'a';
buffer[10] = '\0';

printf("Random string: %s\n",buffer);
Mr.V Kim Hiu 56

return 0;
}
4. realloc()

tn hm: realloc()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
#include <stdlib.h>
void *realloc( void *ptr, size_t size );

cung cp li b nh cho con tr no , thnh cng th tr v khong trng mi cp pht, NULL
nu tht bi
6. Other Standard Functions

Danh sch cc hm chun cn li:

1. abort

2. assert

3. atexit

4. bsearch

5. exit

6. getenv

7. longjmp

8. qsort

9. raise

10. rand

11. setjmp

12. signal

13. srand

14. system

15. va_arg
__________________
1. abort()

Tn hm: abort()
nh ngha:
PHP Code:
Mr.V Kim Hiu 57

#include <stdlib.b>
void abort(void);

Dng abort process hin ti.
S tr v tn hiu SIGABRT cho host environment trong POSIX-platforms, nh ngha trong
signal.h (*nix-like system).
PHP Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
FILE *pfile;
pfile = fopen("file.txt","r");
if(pfile == NULL)
{
fputs("error opening file\n",stderr);
abort();
}

fclose(pfile);
return 0;
}

Thn: Mr.Hiu (ID:freetime719)

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