Neta Haruko Mahango Bazar

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komal.malla1@googlemail.com
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Netaharuko Mahango Bazar

Komal Prasad Shrestha Malla
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u[xo'4sf] >[hgf ug]{5 .
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gful/sn] /fxbfgL lng' kg]{5 .
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10
slxn] ljhoL eP/ logLx?

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/ /fli6o zlQm sf] nflu <
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b]z df:g] uhndf
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11
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ljifo jf k|;n] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df,
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jqmb[li6
cK7]/f] k|s[lt
lzsf/L wd{ / ;+:s[lt <
clg d'l5{t cg]stf
/fi6df/f ;+3Lotf
g otf g ptf
v} slxn] hlGdPnf /fli6otf <
12
3f]8f agL /x]5

rf? ;Fusf] e]6,
cf?sf] af]6df,
ca Tof] klg 5}g
lhGbuL s:tf]
nftdfl/ /x]5 p;n]
dfq xfd|f] k]6df .
wf} wf} sf] ah]6
wf} wf} sf] lhGbuL
st} b'u{lGwdf
st} aGwsLdf
rnfO{ /x]5 ;g;gL
dfq xfd|} lhGbuLdf .
x6 x6sf] 3f]8f
rfa's dfg]{ sf]/f{
km/s 5}g ltgLx?df
x]bf{ p:t} p:t}
nfU5 h'DNofx? hf]8L
agL /x]5 x]/ p
lj:tf/jfbLsf] 3f]8f .
13
b'u{Gw
s+qmL8sf] hndf gfrufFg
;8s, uNnL rf/}lt/ rSsfhfd
Pp6f s'rL{ yl/ yl/ w'sL{
clg /ftlbg xfgfxfg
cljZjf;sf] /f]kfO{+df,
d's{6fsf] lxF8fOdf,
sfFl6Psf xftx?
efFlrPsf v'fx?
a9\b}5g gofF v]ns"bdf clg
g s'rL{ /fVg] 7fpF5,
sfd 5}g To;sf] s'g} gfd 5,
lesf/Lx?, kl08tsf] e]ifdf
lj:dtfsf] km"n 5/]/
/utsf] cleif]s ug]{ Jo:t 5 .
;8s af}nfof]
v'Nnf cfsfz cf]8]/,
k]6k"hfx?
cfkm\g} Ifltdfly
lgle{s u/fO{ /x]5 .
b'u{lGwt aGb km}lnP/
cflnzfg efG;fdf k'u]g,
7"n7"nf dxn b'v]g,
lsgsL
p t o:t} cflwx'/L vf]lh /xG5 .
14
/fhgLltsf] jiff{
lxhf] cfh klg
u8\of\ u'8', gf;, ljgf;s}
x':;', t'Fjfnf], ah|kft, /Qm /lGhts}
afbn, tx; gx;s} d8fl/Fb}
cflwt'kmfg rln/x]5
lxdfn klUng]5,
kxf8 efl;g]5
t/fO{ ctflng]5
clg gful/stf ;fl6g] 5,
/fli6otf dfl;g] 5
b]z ;w}+sf nflu eflifg] 5
cl:y/tfsf] tg
cb'/bzL{tfsf] dg
s'rL{sf] hk tk, Wofgn]
ljho zflGtsf],
jiff{ ;'lgltsf]
k|z+;f /fhgLltsf]
;kmntf s"6gLltsf],
cv08tf /fi6sf] .
s;/L x'G5 <
15
awfO{ 5
ltdL dfG5] ;Fu
6'lqmPsf] cl:tTj /x]5
d'Le/ cfzfn]
hLjg ofqf
s] ;xh} ;kmn x'G5 <
dfkmL rfxfG5'
cFWof/f]sf] u'gf;f] gu/]
ltd|f] h:t}
d]/f] klg d'6' b'Vg ;S5 .
x'l/ atf;sf] syf
s;/L ;'gfpF5f} ld7f] hLjg syf eg]/,
;GWofdf <,
dlGb/df O{Zj/sf]
g slxNo n'sfdfl/ x'G5
p;n] eg] h:t}
ltdL ;'g jf g ;'g
ltdL dfg jf g dfg
d[To'sf] af6f]
lglZrt 5, lxF8\g} k5{
oxL d[To' t Pp6f ;To 5
lgoldt
y'k|} y'k|} hLjg cfpg' jf pbfpg'
/ d's'08f] nufP/
ljjztfsf] bf]x/L dRrfpgdf
s;}nfO{ d:tL /x]5, s;}nfO{ ;f:tL 5
lrghfg u/]/ s] ug'{
dfofdf cndnLosf
5fofFdf hLjg cfpg' jf pbfpg' ;Fu
?dlnPsfx? s}
Pp6f 7"nf] a:tL 5
cGtlj{/f]w
16
cGwf] b'lgofF / cfFvfdf

g k|Zg, g pQ/ ;xL 5
clg,
6'6]sf] lhGbuL
d'6'sf] lbof] <
lxhf] em} cfh klg
lwk lwk d} aln /x]5
o:t} qmd
lg/Gt/ rNbf
abgfd kmN5 km"N5
clg k|flKtsf] uGtJo
efjgfdf cfpg' / hfg' afx]s
sxfF d]l6G5
k|of; u/ kfpF5f} eg]
Tof] b'l/
ltdLnfO{ awfO{ 5 .
17
s]xL 6'qmf
ca v:g ;S5 sljtfdf
x]g'{;\ g, tfnL 5 ls 5}g
tfnL geP ufnL 5 ls 5}g
dfkm ug'{;\ oxfF dfof ug]{
>LdtL afx]s ;fnL 5Fb} 5}g .
vf]qmf] nf]Ug] dfG5] kTgL ljgf
cwF'/f] ck'/f] / c:ki6 x'G5
t/ klTgsf] s'/f gug'{xf];\, kTgLsf] ofbdf
d]/f] t cfFz' v:5 .
p ptf,
d otf
dnfO{ s'g} b'Mv 5}g
sljtf n]Vg] snd d]/f] ;fy 5 .
tfnL ahfpg] tkfO{+x?sf] xft 5 .
uLt u'lGhof];\ dfbn wlGsof];\
;kmn xf];\ of] ofqf
18
d]gr]i6/sf] ofqf
xfjf ;Fu s':tL v]Nb} bf}8L /x]sf] of] a;,
dfq a; xf]Og, xfd|f] ;f/yL xf],
cem v'n]/ eGg' kbf{
xfd|f] ld7f] ;'dw'/ ldqtf / ;Demgf s} kf/vL xf]
kv{,
d'Uws07df l;t'n] uLt ufpFl5g\
xfd|L ;'s'dfl/ lbbL cf/tLn]
af8'nL sDd/ xNnfpFb} gfFrL xflN5g\ .
ofqf d]gr]i6/sf]
$% 306fsf] xf], @$ uLtsf] nflu
;'dgn] ;Lt'nfO{ cg'/f]w ub}{5
uLt wk8Lsf] cg'jfbdf wlGsof];\ eg]/
w|'j{ bfO{n] lgd{nf efph';Fu sfg]v'zL ub}{5 .
e]6\g / 5'lg
;lDemg' / la;{g'
hLjg xf], hLjg};Fu nfdf] ofqf 5Fb}5,
dxGt bfOn] clDasf efph' ;DemFb}
r'Ddfr'DdLsf] uLtdfq of] a'F9]zsfndf vf]Hb}5 .
nf}g uLtsf] nx/ rnf];\ ca, gfFrsf] dfbn ahf];\ ca
cfZyf / ljZjf;sf] :ju{ em/f];\ ca
cd/@ ;Demgfsf]
u8\u8\ tfnL ahf];\ ca .
afn d's'Gb bfOn] ls/0f efph';Fu
g cndnfp lk|o eGb} x'g'x'G5 kmf]gdf
kv{g';\ efph' kmf]gaf6} ;'Gg' x'G5 eg]
xfdL ;Fu oxfF ehg uLt klg 5 .
/fw] /fw] eGg} k5{ .
19
hl/jfgf
gf} ah]sf] ;do lbP/,
cfkm"" rflxF
stf nflu@ stf efuL@
hl/jfgf slt eg"
of] k]6 5 vfnL
;'dg lgbfof], ;Lt' s/fof],
w|'j{ bfO{ / lgd{nf efph'n]
cf/tL lbHo"nfO{
kv{ hl/jfgf ug'{k5{ eg]/ ;Demfof] .
dfu ca,
cWoIf kbaf6
/fhLgfdf dfu cfPsf] 5,
d]/f] uNtL xf]Og
dxGtsf] l9nfO{ xf] /]
k'5tf5 ubf{
dxGt bfOn]
w'|j bfO{sf] lbdfu vfP5 .
kv{ bfO{ hl/jfgf cf/tL lbHo"n] ltg'{ k5{ .
Ps sk slkmsf] e/,
ca cj]nfsf] 8/
;fgL gfgLx?sf]
d]s8f]gfn vfg] s/
cf/tL lbHo",
of] hl/jfgf
s:n] e5{ <
a|]skmf:6sf] ;a} vr{
tkfO{+n] g} Joxf]g' k5{ .
20
clego
xf/ / lhtsf] t/fh'df
hLjg tf}nFbf
hGd zfob xf/ xf]
d[To' hLjgsf] ;f/ xf] .
;kgf b]Vb}df,
hLjg cl:tTj sxfF e]l6G5 <
sNkgfsf] k|bz{lgdf
hLjg nyfln x'G5 x'G5
To;}n] clnslt dg
clnslt tg
clnslt wg /f]k]/
hLjg afFRg ;Gt'li6 pdfg{ ;Sg'k5{ .
hLjg ga'em]/
hLjgn] dfG5] e'Ng'
a'emkrfP/ hLjg tf}ng'
/ clnslt sNkgfn]
clnslt ;kgfn]
clnslt emkgfn]
s;L nufpFbf nufpFb}
dfq Pp6f sf]/f clego x'g ;S5 .
21
5fofF t x'g'kg]{
5fofF t x'g'kg]{ xf] l;tn, l;tn,
x'l/ rn]sf] dgdf klg,
dfof t x'g'kg]{ xf] lgd{n sf]dn
ktem/ jgdf klg .
ljZjf;sf] ofqf yfSb} yfSb}g
yfS5 / lzv/ clUnFb} u/] klg <
cfFz'df dfof ;lsG5 /
dg ;fu/ 5lNsFb} kf]lvP klg <
;kgf slxn] sxfF d':sfPsf] 5 / <
hlt g} ld7f] eP klg
lhGbuL s] xf] s;n] a'em\of 5 / <
lgoltsf] lgod To:t} 5 lg
22
dl/;s]sf clttx?
dl/;s]sf clttx?,
jt{dfgnfO{ ;w}+ t;f{pg vf]H5
ghlGdPsf ef]lnx?
of] jt{dfg b]v]/ ue{ e} t'x]/ emg]{ u5{ .
o'4 d}bfgsf eUgfj]zif b]lv sxfnLg] dg
a'4sf cfFvfnfO{ u'n]nL xfGg] /x/ klg u5{
cl;ldt v'zLdf >[+ufl/g vf]Hg] tg,
bf]xl/Fb} bf]xfl/Fb} anfTsf/df kg]{ u5{
gd:sf/ ug'{ eGbf klxn]
Tof] kms{G5 kms{Gg
tf}ng ;Sg'k5{
tf}ng ;Sb}gf}}+ g 7Ls} 5,
To;sf] ;f
nfn;nfd / ho g]kfn
af]sL lxF8\g' k5{ .
;kgf cfFvfdf,
dfof d'6'df
;hfo/ s] u5f}+ <
km"6]sf] cfFvfx?n] cfFvf t5{
of] hGd / d[To' aLrsf] hLjg arfpg
p;sf] clegodf
cfkm"nfO{ lxF8fpg ;Sg' k5{ .
23
xfO{s'
;+s6df
u'n]nL xfGg]
/ r'N7f] tfGg]
a/fa/
d
p
st{Jo
la;]{/
clwsf/
vf]Hg]
w/f]x/
afFsL
lhGbfjfb
/
d'bf{jfb
dfq
kfgL
;/f]j/
24
ofqLsf] ;Demgf
6]gsf] ofqfdf,
;Fu ;Fu}sf] a;fO{
x]/f x]/ clg cfFvfsf] lemDsfO{
dfof xf] of 3[0ff xf] <
lvt lvt d'v 5f]k]sf] x;fO{ <
ckl/lrt cg'xf/sf] lzi6 jf clzi6 <
s] n]Vg' dl:tis a|Dxf08df dg sndn] <
Tof] b[Zosf] ?k/]vf lvRg' afx]s
s] g} x'G5 dg ;Fu n]Vg] dl; <
cjt/0fsf] pgsf] uGtJodf,
ckl/lrt jfO{ jfO{
d]/f] pQ/df klg jfO{ jfO{
o:tf] Pslbgsf] ldng
clg lj5f]8
clnslt ld7f]
clnslt cldnf]
;DemG5' clxn] klg
clttsf] Tof] d[b'
6]gsf] ofqfsf]
ckl/lrt ofqLnfO{
25
of] cGofo
of] cGofo cTofrf/L ;/sf/n]
7"n 7"nf ck/fw u/]/ klg,
xfdL s;}nfO{ af]Ng ;d]t lbPg,
sf/k]6sf] sfqf] a8]/ klg,
of db]{ d/]g, To;}sf] kl/j]ifdf cfoYof]
Ps Ps hfrsL gu{b"t,
To;n] klg d'bf{jfbsf] gf/ lbO{ n}hfg ;s]g .
5'l/, v's'/L, sb{, eL/]/
efnf sf]/f{ hlGh/ lnP/
jO/L /x]sf 5g\, jO/L /x]sf 5g\
;u/dfyfsf] km]lbdf
cft+s dRrpg cfttfoLx?
P cfttfoLx? <
klxn] cfkm"nfO{ lrg
x[bodf u'g
of] a'4sf] b]z xf] <@
/ cfbz{ RofTg]nfO{
l8u|L@ em's]/
;nfdL r9fOG5 .
k|ltaGwsf] kf;f]df
:jtGqtf em'08\ofG5
ho hosf/sf] >4f ;'dg r9fOG5
clg d'bf{jfbsf] sjfhdf
To;sf] h/f pv]Nb}
lhGbfjfb lhGbfjfb af]Ng .
26
;d:of
x'G5 eGb} geg,
em"7f] cfZjf;g lbP/
dg b'V5, cfFz' em5{,
km]l/ ldqtf klg 6'6\g ;S5
ltd|f] afWotfnfO{ ga'em\g',
d]/f] uNtL xf],
dfkmL rfxfG5' ca s]xL eGb}g
ltdL ;'g of g;'g
ltdL a'em jf ga'em
o:tf] s'/fn]
dfof a'lgGb}g
7"nf] s] xf] <
ca t tf}ng} k5{
af]Nbf ;f]r]/ af]Ng' k5{
gq o:t} ;d:of alNemFbf
lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{ / rf]vf],
ldqtf gljs/0f ug'{kg]{ ljjztf
cfpg ;S5
ltdL hfp ;s];Dd /dfp
dfq s]jn ;dfpg] s'/f ;dfp
c?nfO{,
3/ kl/jf/ ;Dem]/
glh:sfp, gkm;fp / grnfO{
gq yfxn]
cwf{lgL ;Fu
cnlUuP/ a:g' k5{ .
27
kf;f]
eGb} hfp
;'Gg]x? 5g\
b]vfpFb} hfp
x]g]{x? 5g\
lbFb} hfp
lng]x? 5g\
t/ ckm;f]r
s] 5 ltdL ;Fu
lbgnfO{ eg]/ <
ltdLnfO{ s+ufn, b]Vg]x? klg 5g\ .
u'gf;f] kf]v]/ ltdL ;fd'
k|flKt s] ug'{ 5 .
v'zL pT;j agfpg
ljhon] ltdLnfO{
slxn] cfNof] / <
nx/x? 5flkPsf
cfFvfx? klg 5g\
hx/ lkPsf efsfx? 5g\
ltdL ;Fu afFr]sf
ltd|} cy{x? 5g\
t/ ToxL cy{df em'08\ofpg]
ltdL ;Fu Joy}{ Joy{sf
Oiofn'sf rf/}lt/ kf;} kf;f]sf] tfgx? klg 5g\
e}uf] 5f]8L b]p of] If0fnfO{
km"nfO{ /xg' ltd|f] dgnfO{
o;/L g} s]xL 6'qmfx?
;FufnL /xg', km'nfO{ /xg', kmnfO{ /xg'
z'esfdgf afF8]/
sNk sNk xfd|f] hLjgnfO{
d]/L qmL;d; d]/L qmL;d; eg]/
28
s;n] eG5 d[To' hGdb}g

d/]sf] lxhf],
km]l/ Ao'Ft]/ cfh
csf]{ gofF d[To' vf]Hb}
ufpF a];L zx/} htftt} lxF8\g]5 .
a'4 ;Fu} zflGt
;Ltf ;Fu} cfbz{
;tL uPsf] xf] / <
xf]Og eg] lsg zflGt / cfbz{sf]
kl/ro vf]lhFb}5 <
/ lsg zflGt dfg{ cfbz{ n'6\g
d[To' hGd]sf] hGd} 5 < k|Zg 5 .
dgsf] :jR5 /f]kfO{
dgsf] cd/ ux/fO{
dgsf] b"/bzL{ p8fO{
sxflnFbf] /utsf] kmfNsfn] /LP/
ljZjf; lge]sf] kmf6df
km]l/ cflwx'/L ag]/ dlRrg yfn]kl5
d':sfpF5 / zflGtsf] jifGt <
To;}n] zflGt egL
cfbz{ n'6\g
cl:tTj kmfF;Ldf em'08\ofpg
d[To' hGd]sf] hGDo} 5 .
29
d]/f] b]z
Ps 6'qmf <
b'O{ 6'qmf <
6'qm} 6'qmf x'g] eof] d]/f] b]z .
;}of]+ hfltsf],
Pp6} hftL,
g]kfnLsf] g]kfn lyof] d]/f] b]z
km/ km/
rGb| ;"o{ gfRYof] x/kn@
emndn emndn uGYof]{ ca l6nlkn l6nlkn
wLk wLk ug]{ alQ ;/L eof] d]/f] b]z
tftL tftL,
axfb'/ 5flt
5ftLsf] klg 5ftL lyof] d]/f] b]z
;fgf] ;fgf]
;fgf] eP/ klg
ljZjsf] 5fgf] lyof] d]/f] b]z
zflGt, zflGt
sfGtL sfGtL a6'Nb}
6'qm} 6'qmf slt 6'qmf <
6'qm} 6'qmf eP/ km"6\g] lz;f eof] d]/f] b]z .
30
kmfF6 xf] sljtf

kmfF6 xf] sljtf,
cfF6 xf] sljtf
ljrf/ / efj xf] .
wf/ xf] sljtf, Jojxf/ xf]
o;n] jL/x j]bgf b'Mv sf6\5
;b\efj dfof ;Fu dfof ;f6\5 .
d
laqmL ug{
ahf/df /flvPsf] d
laqmL x'g ;s]sf] 5}g
cl:y/tfsf] /f]un]
d u|:t 5',
To;}n] t\u|Lg ;s]sf] 5}g .
sf6s'6 ub}}{
efua08f ug{ vf]Hb}5g\ dnfO{
cem} efua08fsf] s'/f ldn]sf] 5}g,
/utfDo 5',
/f]un] u|:t 5',
t} klg s;}n] dnfO{
cfkm\gf] 7fg]/
;fGTjgf klg lbFb}g .
31
b]x Jofkf/
x'G5 s:tf] <
n'l6Psf] cg'xf/, ;:tf] Jooljrf/
b]x Jofkf/, snf]lift Jojxf/
cz'esf] nfd
Ps}kl5 csf]{sf] ;Gt'li6
t/ n'l6Psf] df}g ;+;f/
rln/x]sf] x'G5 p;sf] hLjg
cflw t'kmfgdf, afWotf / ljjztfdf
dfq ljgf;sf] p xf],
t/ p;sf] xf]Og
p;sf] cfkm\g} xf]
t/ lgoGq0f x'Fb}g
lg/Gt/ hln /x]5
cfuf]sf] klg cfuf]
lg/Gt/ 7uL /x]5
kfgLsf] klg kfgL
;fu/ 5lNsgdf lkof; d]l6Fb}g
t[i0ffsf] n:s/n]
d/0ffGt 8;L /xG5 .
6nSs 6Nn]sf] d':sfg
g kvf{n 5 g jf/ 5
p;sf] hLjg 3/df
g s'g} ;+rf/ 5
s]jn c;Gt'li6sf] ;Gt'li6 <
Pp6f 5fk|f]df
l6s l6s ul/ /xG5 ;don]
dfq ljTof;sf] kvfO{df .
32
hLjg
sNkgf x/fP, lhpFbf] eP/ xf],
;kgfdf ckgfP, sNkgfdf bf}8fP
ljkgfdf t8\kfP, /f]P/ b]vfP
xfF;]/ ;DemfP, dfq hLjg a'em\g
/ d[To' ;Fu h'Wg
t/ ;kgf /ftd}
sNkgf aLrd}
lbn b'v]/}
sNkgfdf sNk]/} x/fP .
hLjg Ps k|Zg .
v'zL lgefP/ hLjg ;Nsg'
b'v}d} 8'a]/ hLjg 9lNsg' klg
hLjg xf] <
To;}n] hLjgsf] cy{ vf]Hg' eGbf
hLjg s] xf] dx;'; ug'{
hLjgsf] oyf{ytf xf] .
k|Zgdfq t xf]
hLjg k|Zg eP/ a;]kl5 .
hLjaLrsf] 3f6
k|flKtdf hLjg a'em\bf kfk e]l6G5,
kfkdf sl; nufpbf
>fk e]l6G5
of] kfk / >fksf] hLjg ;Fu
v} s] s] gftf 5 <
cflv/df
o;sf] klg 3f6L /]l6G5.
33
sf] xf] <

Pp6f s';f;ssf] cGTo kl5
csf]{ dxfs';f;ssf] hGd
cy{ g jy{sf] eL8Gt
lhGbfjfb / d'bf{jfbsf] tfnL
5'6\ofpg ufx|f]
p:t} cg'xf/, Jojxf/
g d'6' 5 9's9's u/f];
kTy/ em} 6f]nfpF5
/ cfFz' v]nfpF5 .
p;sf] kl/ro
kl/rodf,
/dfpg hfg]sf] d'6' e} lbP
rNYof] / tx;gx;sf] cflwx'/L < ToxfF
x]g}{ g;lsg] b[Zo
s]nfpg} g;lsg], Jojxf]g}{ g;lsg] 5g\
km]l/ p;sf] kl/ro lsg rflxof] <
p;sf] gfd To;}df vf]h] e} xfN5 <
clnstf p;sf] rft'o{
jt{dfgdf p;sf] a9\ofO{
eljiodf s] xf]nf
k|flKtsf] h"gtf/f <
t/ p;n] t cfkm" cfkm}nfO{ rDsfO{ xfN5 .
d[To' ;Fu 8/fpFbf 8/fpFb}
dfG5] af6 d[To' af]nfP/
xftv'f sfl6Psf 5g\,
lz/ 5'6\ofP/
nyfln kfl/Psf 5g\
cfFvfdf a;]sf] y'k|} b[Zosf] 3'OFrf]n]
8/ /f]k]/, kl/jt{gsf] pAhlgdf
cfkm}+n] cfkm}+nfO{ 9fs]sf 5g\
nxnxfpFbf] afnf] eg]/ .
34
b]z kmf;Ldf em'l08b}5

>[li6sf]
nAw ;Gtfg e|i6frf/, b'/frf/, Joljrf/n]
ljZjf;nfO{ rkfpFb} hLjgnfO{ lh:sfpFb}
ljeT; /fhgLltsf] ;Ltdf
tf08j g[To grfO /x]5
cf/Desf lhtf8Ln] s]xL ub}{ gug'{
/ x?jfsf] /fh rNg' o:t} /Llt lylt
Oltxf;n] ;d]6L ;d]6L
xTof, bdg, n'6kf6sf] lj:s'g
cfkm\gf] kf]N6fdf lkmhfO{ /x]5@
pb08sf] c/fli6o zky / kf]zfs
ef8e}nf]sf] jfbljjfb, k|ltjfb, c;kmn ;Djfb
clg Ps;] Pssf 3f]8f, 3f]8r9L, rfj's / bf}8df
cf]/fnf]df dfq cf]/fnfdf
5 ;o Ps uf]7fnfx?n] b]znfO{
lg/Gt/ nv]l6 /x]5 nv]l6 /x]5 .
g ld7f] dGtJo ;'lgG5
g oyfy{ uGtJo b]lvG5
lhGbfjfb / d'bf{jfb,
u0ftGqsf] ;+rf/, s' sf] Jojxf/
cGofo, cTofrf/, b]zsf] Jofkf/
JolQmut :jfy{df nDs]/
lj:tf/jfbLsf] /fxtn]
b]z, em08f, efiff, e]if, e"iff
wd{ / ;+:s[lt
dfq kmf;Ldf km'l08Fb} 5 .
35
v]n, v]nf8L / em08f

cf7 d's'08f]sf] v]ndf,
afO{;, rf}jL; v]nf8L 5g
5 ;o Ps efqmL la8f/L 5g\
tLg s/f]8 cGbfhL v]nf8L 5g\
b'O{ tLg dxf/]k|mLx?
slxn] p7fpF5g\
slxn] k5f5{g\
/fi6df/f k|ltof]lutf
htftt} u/fpF5g\ .
b[li6laxLg bz{sx?
slxn] ufnL vfG5g\
slxn] tfnL ahfpF5g\
alx/f d's'08f]wf/Lsf] kl5 kl5 nfu]/
;8s klg hnfpF5g\
hLjg klg r9fpF5g\ .
v'Nndv'Nnf k|ltof]lutfdf
dg{, dfg{' / aln r9fpg l;sfpF5g\
xf/ xf];\ jf hLt xf];\
efua08f nufpg k9fpF5g\
cf7 d's'08f]wf/Lsf]
dg, arg, sd{df bf}8]/
Wjhf klg ;]nfpg' kg]{ atfpF5g\
dxf/]k|mL ljh]tfsf] 3f]if0ff ug{
cfcfkm\g} em08f xNnfpF5g\ .
36
vf]O{ d]/f] g]kfn <

s+lqm8sf] h+unsf
e|i6 dg'jfx?,
xflQ, u}+8f dfq vfG5g\ /],
ljeT; gfrufg eg{
Sna, l8:sf], jf/, /]i6'/f, xf]6n dfq x}g
pQ/, blIf0f / kftndf kfn}kfnf] hfG5g\ /]
t/ ckm;f]r,
dnfO{ g} lsg ;f]Wg' kof], vf]Hg' kof]
vf]O{ d]/f] g]kfn <<
tfgftfg, xfgfxfgsf] kmf]xf]/L ;Ltdf
:jtGqtfsf] gfddf bf]xf]/L g[Toufg u/]/
hgtfsf] 5fltdf uf]nL xfG5g\ /]
ckm;f]r lsg o:tf]
dnfO{ g} ;'Gg' kof < ef]Ug' kof, clg ;f]Wg' kof <
vf]O{ d]/f] g]kfn <
pkm
s;}n] pQ/ nfO{
s;}n] blIf0fnfO{
/ s;}n] kftfnnfO{
cl:tTj e]6 /fV5g\ /]
cxf],
dnfO{ g} lsg b]Vg' kof, ef]Ug kof, ;f]Wg' kof
vf]O{ d]/f] g]kfn <
cfkm" cfkm}}+ o'4, xf/]sf n8fs'x?,
lbuljh]tfsf] 3f]if0ff ub}{
alx/L, cGwf] / n\u8f] sjfhdf
Wjhfsf] lqmofsd{ ug{
;dfj]zLsf] gfddf ljv08g z+v km"S5g\ /]
ckm;f]r
dnfO{ g} lsg ;'Gg' kof / ;f]Wg' kof
vf]O{ d]/f] g]kfn <
37
gfd dfqsf] /fli6o afwx?

OdfGbfl/tfsf] uh{gdf
cfkm" cfkm}+ n8\b} n8\b}
pQ/sf]
blIf0fsf],
/ kftfnsf] xKsfOdf, rt'of{Odf
k'R5/ xNnfO{ a:5g\ /] pkm
dnfO{ g} lsg b]Vg' kof, ;'Gg' kof
/ ;f]Wg' kof
vf]O{ elQm, zlQm, a'4sf] g]kfn .
38
xTof/f ;kgf
cfFvfaf6,kljq u+uf alxlbG5,
zfob d[To';Fu 8/fP/ xf] <
bLg kftlng, /ft aflSng'n]
eos+/ 8/nfUbf] ;kgf af]s]/
zfob ;tfo/ xf] .
p;n]
lhGbuL p8fpF5
7"n7"nf /x/ dRrfpF5
/ ;'Gb/ zx/ b]vfpF5
afrf s;d ;'jfp5,
dfof lk|tsf] ;jf/L rnfpF5
k|]d dxnsf] ;d|f6 agfP/
dfq skf]nslNkt x's'd rnfpF5 .
jl/kl/ :ju{sf cK;/fx?
/ rl/x? 5Dd 5Dd grfpFb}
c;Lldt v'zL e/]/
:jo+dj/sf cf}7L nufpFb}
aGwgdf afw]/
dfofsf] d'xf/ rDsfpFb}
awfO{ / z'e sfdgfsf] k'ik
ljho, pT;j egfpFb}
labfO{sf] 8f]nL r9fpF5
t/ ckm;f]r
ljkgfdf cfOk'Ubf
c;Lldt zf+]rdf 8'afpF5
nfU5 xTof/f ;kgf xf] .
39
kljq 5' eG5]

cxf]
anfTsf/sf] cy{
a]ZofnfO{ s] yfxf <<
nfh 5f]k]/ p
;jf{ gff] lxFl8/xG5]
df]hd:tLsf] cy{ nufO{ lxF8\g] /08f]x?nfO{,
kfgL efpdf, afWotfn] cl:dtf a]rL lxF8\5] .
lgle{s lg8/ p
sf] 5}g < sf] xf]Og < j]:of eg]/,
d':s'/fO{ v'Nnd v'Nnf
lj:tf/jfbL /08f]x?nfO{,
pbf/jfbL km"8f]x?nfO{
sf08} sf08 ug]{ g]tfe"8Lx?nfO{
dxfg\ j]:of xf} ls, xf]Ogf}+ < elg k|Zg u5]{ <
clg,
;dfhsf] t/fh'df
lj:tf/jfbL /08f]x? ;Fu
pbf/jfbL km"8f]/x? ;Fu
sf08} sf08jfbL g]tfe"8Lx? ;Fu
hf]lvg p /fhL x'G5] .
/,
cfdf a]Rg] a]:of g]tfx? eGbf
lj:tf/jfbL /08f], pbf/jfbL km"8f] eGbf
5fltdf xft /fvL
p w]/} kljq 5' eG5] .
40
b]zsf ;f9]x?
s] n]v' <
n]VgnfO{ g s]xL afFsL 5 .
g n]Vg nfos s'g} jf:tljs emfls 5 .
ca ef]ln s] x'G5 <
g cQflnP x'G5, gx8a8fP x'G5
g 56kfP x'G5, g8/fP x'G5
lsgsL lxhf] h] eof],
cfh klg ToxLF ePsf] 5
/ ef]ln klg ToxL x'G5 .
;f9]sf] rlt{snf c;gdf x'Gg,
t/ uf};nfdf x'G5
klxn] ;f9] 5f]l8GYof]
cfh ef]ln cfk;] cfk plAhG5
To;}n] ;fF9]sf] sjfh
slxn] /zfnfdf x'G5
slnx] uf};fnfdf x'G5
slxn] afg]Zj/df x'G5 .
rf/}lt/ e}/x]5
oL ;f9] yfSb}gg\, lxFl8/xG5g\,
ef]6 vfG5g\, gf]6 krfpF5g\
clg e]8fafv|fsf] 5flt lrl//xG5g\
pQ/ / blIf0fsf] xjfsf] :jf; k]m5{g\
clg df6f]sf] lr/kmf/ u5{g\
/ lrlsT;f ePsf] nfrf/ 3f]if0ff u5{g\ .
41
v} s;/L ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f===<

;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{ r'lgPsfx?,
a:g g;s]/ p7L /x]sf 5g\
kfn} kfnf] /f]i6d 3]/fp u/]/
hgfb]znfO{ lgrf]/L, lgrf]/L
c/fhstf dGyg ul/ /x]sf 5g\ .
uf]nf af?bsf] y'f 5/]/ cft+ssf] dfnf pg]/
3/, ;dfh, ;8s, ;bg layf]n]/
ljv08gsf] gf}6+sL a'g]/
dfq hgtfhgf4{gnfO{ lryf]/L /x]sf 5g\@
v} s:tf] Oltxf; < /R5g\
v} s:tf] ljZjf; < /f]K5g\
pkm k|ult pT;jsf] skf]nsNkLt rfnx?df
d]rfsfnL layf]nL /x]sf 5g\ .
efif0fsf] Tofu af]N5g\
s"zf;gsf] tkZof u5{g\
;lxbs} xTof v]N5g\
yl/ yl/sf] k]6 af]s]sfx? cfkm" cfkm}+ n8\5g\
ljgf; / cft+ssf] uh{gdf
hg clwsf/sf] 5flt lrb}{
:jf st{Josf] Hjnfd'vL km"6]/
xssf] nf; p7fpFb}, st{Josf] d;fg /f]Hb}
v} s;/L ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f u5{g\ <
42
cy{ vf]h
x/]s jifGtdf hGdg] u5'{
/ lzlz/sf kftem} dg]{ u5'{
of] hGd / d[To'sf cy{
cfkm}+df vf]Hb},
cfkm" cfkm}+ nyfln x'g] u5'{,
d d]/} xf]Og, ;To xf] jf xf]Og <
:jf; rn]s} 5}g, d'6' 5 jf 5}g <
To;}n] p;sf] s;/L x'g ;S5' <
pkm cfFz\'df xfF:bf Pskn
xfF;f]df gf;f] vf]H5'
slNkt hLjg vf]hdf atfl;Fb}
cfsflz+b} cGwsf/sf] afx'df
xhf/f}+ k6s lanfpF5'
/ k5fl/Fb} xhf/f}+ k6s knfpF5' .
oxL lanfpg' / knfpg'df
d cfkm}+nfO{ ;tfpFb} kmsfpFb}
xf/df klg cfkm}+nfO{ lhtfpF5' .
bf}8x? g6'lb} xfg'{,
hLtsf] pT;j dgfpg a/flng',
oxL xf/ hLtsf] ;]/f]km]/f]df
d hLjg eTsfpF5', d hLjg hnfpF5'
eTs]/ hn]sf kmf6x?df
dg'{ / hLpg'sf] cy{ vf]Hb}
km]l/ dgnfO{ bf]8fpFb}
xhf/f}+ k6s dg]{ u5'{, xhf/f}+ k6s lhpg] u5'{ .
43
ljeT; v]nf8L
/utdf s'rL 8'afP/
sNkgfs]f lrq sf]5{g\,
ljsf;sf] cy{df
oyfy{df 3fF6L /]6\5g\
To;}n] hLjgsf]
:ki6 cg'jfb 5}g, afFRg'sf] cy{df
ckm;f]r
lhGbuL cfkm}+df lg/fsf/ xf] / <
;lhjtfsf]
uGtJolaxLg /]vf sf]b}{
dbeLsf] ahf/df
hLjg 6'qmf 6'qmf kfb}{,
cfsf/, vf]Hb} lnnfd u5{g\ .
To;}n]
hLjg km"6kfydf
7"n7"nf ;8s x]5{g\,
km"6kfysf] xfpF efpdf
st} 6fo/ aN5g\,
st} ofn 6'6\5g\
emn{ pHofnf]df
sf]xL /ft vf]H5g\
sf]xL /fxt vf]:5g\
uGtJolaxLg lhGbuLsf]
tL s''rL /utd} v]Ng vf]H5g\ .
44
s'k|f] jt{dfg\
ckmzf]rdf,
rGb|, ;"o{ sLlt{,
lu/L / dl/r dfq xf]Og
lul/hf, dfwj, z]/] klg k/]sf 5g\
k|r08sf] s'/} 5f8f}+
dbgs[i0f / xl/j+zn] ug'{ u/]sf] 5g\
xf]Og / < pgLx?n] lgsfNg] u/]sf]
oyfy{sf] cfFz'sf] xfF;f] <
xf]Og / pgLx?n] ;FufNg] u/]sf]
ljZjf;sf] gf;f] <
t/ s] ug'{
hgtf t kf;} kf;f]df kg]{ u/]sf 5g\ .
xf] a:tL aufpg] af9L
clg e"sDk xf] lr/f lr/f kfg]{ 5ftL
If0fe/d} ?k abNg] afbnn] klg
uh]{/ a;]{/ ufpFa:tL vfg] u/]sf] 5
To;}n] t eUgfjz]ifx? ;fyL x'g] u/]s]f 5 .
s] e/ 5 / < gofF sfFwsf] <
9ndnLg] rfn 5,
axlsg] tfn 5
lhpg] ldt]l/df cfkm" cfkm}+ a]lrg] u/]sf] 5 .
clg ckmzf]rx?
ufpFdf, j:tLdf, zx/df htftt} y'lk|P/
v'zLsf] zEotf vf]Hbfvf]Hb}
o;} o;} eljionfO{ s'Nrg
cltt af]s]/, jt{dfgdf klg s'lk|b} u/]sf] 5 .
45
clnslt
a? klx/f]df a:tL k'l/Psf] eP,
pTvgg\ ubf{ e]l6GYof] p;sf] Oltxf;
jf9Ln] ufpF gaufP/
e"sDkn] eTsfPsf] eP
ckm;f]r y'lk|b} y'lk|b}
eUgfjz]ifdf e]l6GYof] xf]nf zEotf .
d If0fe/df cfsf/ abNg ;Sg]
afbn ePsf] eP
cfsfzsf] Ps6'qmf NofP/
afl8lbGy] kxf8nfO{ gfL ga; eg]/ .
t/ x/fpFb} u/]sf] lhpFbf] lhpg] /x/nfO{
d[To'n] sxfF lbG5 / cd/ :jf; <
To;}n],
gofF zx/sf] sNkgf
e"sDkkl5sf] eUgfjz]if eP/
cfzfnfO{ kf]N6fdf afw]/
d8fl/G5 efUosf] 8f]ofOdf
hLjg sNkgfdf 8'n]/
sNkgfdf hLjg e'n]/
yf]/} ;kgfdf
yf]/} sNkgffdf
afnL clnslt ljkglt ljkgfdf /lG5 km'l;|G5
/ clg ;lsG5
cfkm}+nfO{ lal;{G5
To;}n] d klg clnslt x'F .
46
uGxfpg] 6fnf]
;'Gg} g;Sg] sfgx?
b]Vg} g;Sg] cfFvfx?sf],
clwj]zgn],
dxflwj]zg af]nfP/
n8f] ofqfsf] yfngL ug]{ ePsf] 5
n'uf lk6\g] d'\u|f] h:tf]
cfuf] km"Sg] 9'\u|f] h:tf]
logLx?sf] sfdn]
ljZjf;sf] lbof] lgEg] ePsf] 5 .
eGbf g;'Gg]
b]vfpFbf gb]Vg]
l;sfpFbf g;lsg]
t/ laSg /fhL 5
uf]? eflt 5,
uwf 5flt 5
dg sfnf] 5,
cfFvfdf hfnf] 5,
ofqf kfn} kfnf] 5
prfO{ ga'em]sf ux/fO{ g8'a]sf
cl:dtf n'6]sf
log} 7"nf] 7fnf] 5
htftt} b"lift hfnf] 5
sfg, cfFvf, gfs gePsf
lx gePsfx?
o:tf] 7"nf] ;'Gb/ b]zdf
uGxfpg] 6fnf] 5 .
47
s'rL{sf] nflu
pbfpg'df s'g} xif{ 5}g
/ c:tfpg'df s'g} lj:dft 5}g .
gsr/fx?, 3'D5g\ s'rL{ jl/k/L
kfn} kfnf] a:5g\ 3l/ 3l/ .
s'/f u5{g\ yl/ yl/ t/ s'g} k|ult 5}g .
p 3'ld /xG5 l/6f sxfF nfU5 / <
p n8L /xG5 tF5f8 d5f8df
sxfF p yfS5 / <
of] ;do p;sf] xf] sfn p;sf] kl5 sxfF nfU5 / <
p;n] a'4nfO{ lrg]sf] 5}g, lrGg' klg kb}{g
p;sf] rfndf hfn 5, clg p dfnfdfn 5,
t/ p;sf] s'g} kl/ro 5}g . To;}n] b]zsf] o:t]f xfn 5 .
>[hgfsf] Kn6 Kn6 agfPsf],
of]hgfel/ /ut r9fPsf]
cv08tfsf] gf/f dfq a9fPsf]
p ;Fu leqsf] cg'xf/ 5Fb} 5}g
p;nfO{ zq' eGg klg ldNb}g
g p 3fd xf], hf8f] eufpg]
g p kfgL xf] x/fj/f agfpg] .
p g[To kl/qmd ul/ /xG5, dfgdb{gsf]
s'rL{sf nflu df]n nufpF5 hg uw{gsf]
p u|x xf] ls < ;nx xf] <
p bzf xf] ls < gzf xf] <
gk'+zs ult xf]< :jf\sf]
df6f]sf] nflu lju|x
dfq 3'dL /x]g s'rL{sf] nflu
;du|, vu|f; u|x
48
Oltxf;sf] cy{
hLjgsf] >[hgf x]g{
gff] cfsfz cf]9]/,
tf/fx? uGb}
kftx?sf] la5f}gfdf,
9'fsf] l;/fgL ;'Tg ;Sg'k5{
cfFvfdf rGb| ;"o{ /fv]/
cGwsf/sf] lj?4 pHofnf] e/
gff] v'f s'b\g ;Sg'k5{ .
ltvf{df ;fu/nfO{ ;nf] agfpg <
af9Ldf jiff{nfO{ b'Anf] agfpg
cfF6nfO{ o'4df lhtfpg e"sDksf] nfjf v/fgL 3;]/
/utsf] cy{ / cl:tTj af]s]/
hLjgnfO{ clUgs'08df unfpg ;Sg'k5{
kfgLsf] / ab\Ng] xftx?n]
ljgfl;Q} cn+sf/ / kbs nufpg ] hdftx? Tofu]/
sfFw hf]8\g
>[hgf ug{,
lt;{gf d]6fpg
k'vf{sf] xftv'f 6fpsf] 5'6\ofP/ efua08f ug{ xf]Og
x/]s hdftn] dg arg Ps}n]
cfkm\gf] / Oltxf;sf] cy{ a'em\g ;Sg' k5{ .
49
;fd|fHosf] xf]:6] x};]

aU5g\
aUb} u/]sf 5g\
t/ ux/fOdf k'Ug ;s]sf 5}gg\
s] cy{ nufpg' hLjg 5fnsf] df]lt l6Kg] <
p8\b}5g\
p8\b} u/]sf 5g\
t/ snf]lift afbn l5rf}Ng ;s]sf 5}gg\
s] cy{ nufpg' Tof] hLjg rfnsf] < Hof]lt 5g{ <
g p jiff{t\ jif{g
/ ;\nf] ;\nf] kfgL axg ;Sof]
g xfjf ;Fu ldn]/ p;n]
d8fl/g] afbn l5rf]Ng ;Sof],
x[bo x[bo v]Ng] .
3d08 u5{ b"/bzL{ ofqLsf]
s] yfx cxf] elQm af6f]sf] cy{ <
t/ psfnL j/fnL lxF8\g l;Sb}5 / laSb}5
cfkm\g} xftn], cfkm\g} cftn] af6f] df6f] lauf/]/
ljZjf;, kljqtf, / ;TonfO{ 8:b} s'Nrb}, km"s]{/ layf]Nb} 5,
clg ;femf cl:tTjnfO{
;:tf] ahf/ efpdf laqmL ub}{5 .
p ;]tfDo ;'iff/f] n8]/
s] /Qm/Lg kmfF6x? 5f]lkG5g\ / clttsf <
a? b'MvfGt cltt s'lb /xG5g\ jt{dfg cfFvfx?df
tx; gx;x / eUgfjz]if cft+ssf
cl:tTjljxLg dgdf]xs pT;j, dxf]T;j vf]h]/
p;n] s] ug{ ;S5 / /utfDo dgsf] kL/sf] eL/df
clg v's'/Ln] /]l6Psf 3fF6Lx?,
cfufn] hn]sf] 5fltx?,
lrxfgn] lryf]/]sf] hjfgLx?,
lrtfn] hn]sf] v/fgLx?
af?bsf] w'Fjfdf,
50
ad, uf]nf, PDa';sf] s'jfdf

hNb} 5'6\k6fpFb} u/]sf] s/f]8f}+ >4f elQm
/ cljefHo ;fj{ef}d zlQm, nfO{
s;/L Gofo lbnfpg ;S5,
ljZjf;sf] xft,
cft+ssf] cft
ljv08gsf] hdft
tfgfzfxsf] hLt
/ ;d|fHosf] kfOnf
xf]:6] x};] lxF8]/ <<
51
nf]stGqdf
s7} nf]stGqdf
Pg], sfg"g klg /f]osf] 5, c/fhstf cl3 ;/]sf] 5
v'zLsf] pT;j dgfpg' kg]{df
cfFz\'sf] cleif]s a9L /x]5, hxfF h;/L d/] dfl/P klg
;xLbsf] cy{ ;Qf ;fem]bf/n]
lgle{s, lg8/ eP/ lbPsf] lbo} 5 .
cft+s, aGb, x8\tfnn], xs clwsf/, st{Josf] oyfy{tf,
tx;gx;n] ;dfgtf, Gofosf] nfnLdf lgrf]/]/
rGb|;"o{sf] Hofg ;+3Lo u0ftGqdf em'08\ofPsf] 5
rf]6f, uNnL, ;8s cfFug lkR5]sf]
hft, hflt, hgtf, g]tfx?sf] efua08fsf] dfun]
g]kfns} lqmofsd{ x'g] 8/ a9]sf] 5,
Ps ufF;sf] /f]kfOx? Ps af;sf] prfOx?
Ps skf;sf] p8fOx?
dfq tfnL / ufnL df c8]sf] 5
g]tfx? s'rL{sf] bf}8df, hgtfx? a'sL{sf] xf]8df
ljb]zLx? ljv08gsf] lgrf]8df
tfgfzfxx? ;Qfsf] lj5f]8df
s7} oxL bf]x/L hfnem]ndf
;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ynf kl//x]5
yfx 5}g nf]stGq s] xf] <
n'6tGqnfO{ ;f]Wg kl/ /x]5 <
cfFz' / /utsf] ;fu/df .
hgtf kf}l8g kl//x]5
a'4sf] cfFvf km'l6 /x]5
cfbz{ 6'6L /x]5@
52
b]z leq b]zsf] vf]hL

ljzfn 5flt dfly,
xl;of, xyf}8f, tf/=== rDsL /x]5
t/ nfrf/ d[To'sf] lbofn]
rGb| / ;"o{ sNkL /x]5 .
kmfF6x?df ljgf d[To', uGxfPsf nf;x?
zq'sf] uf]nL vKg ;S5 <
Psk6s ldqsf] gfdgfd];Ldf k/]kl5
;xLb eP/ cjn bhf{sf] ;xLbx? ;Fu} bflhg
;S5
d[To' lxhf] cfh ;fyL eP/
hGd lxhf] cfh jjf{b eP/ nl8/x]5
To;}n] lxdfn, kxf8, k'8\sf] x'Fb}
t/fO{ clUnb} dfl;Fb}
b]zleq k/b]z vf]hL /x]5@ .
ca cfsfz 5'g,
wlt{el/sf tf/fx?
cfcfkm\g} d08]nfdf
lxnf/L, t]lGh, kf;f\Nx\ofd'
===nufotsf cf/f]x/LnfO{ k5f/L
hft hftsf ] ;d|f6 vf]Hb} nlDsb}
b]z leq b]z vf]hL /x]5 .
cfFz'sf Wjhf ktsfx?
d[To'sf snfTds ;kgfx?
blIf0f / pQ/sf] sjfh lnP/
zflGtsf] hnkdf, ljsf;sf] cn+sf/n] lje"lift x'Fb}
cfcfkm\gf] cl:dtf xf]Db}
o1 dxfo1df nflDsb}
b]z leq z]if ltns vf]hL /x]5 .
53
j]gfdL k/]8
xf/]sfx?,
lhTgsf nflu,
lht]sfx? dfg{sf nflu
k/]8 v]N5g\,
xssf] aGb's,
clwsf/sf] v's'/L,
st{Josf] uf]nf,
Gofosf] PDa'; af]s]/
of] k/]8 hlxn] klg, hxfF klg x'G5 .
;GsL uf]8f kmf6, z+vlnt ;ts{
pQ]lht sbd rfnn]
;8sdf 6fo/sf] 3/, ahf/df 9'fsf] rSgfr'/ lju'n km'S5 .
;flnssf] xft efFRb}, ;flnssf] vKk/ 5'6\ofpFb}
kz'kltdf d'08g x'G5, k|1f k|lti7fgsf] sDkg x'G5,
lj/f]wsf] k/]8n] ;+:s[ltsf] r'8fsd{ x'G5
cl/fnx? 5g\, cy{xLg cfjfhdf
ljif jdg u5{g\ 6f]S5g
d[To'df hLjg vf]H5g\
3ftdf cf3ft, ljZjf;nfO{ nft
/ bLgdf /ft af]S5g\
clg zAbdf zflGtsf] cy{df e|flGtsf]
hLjgdf sflGtsf]
hLjgnfO{ ;+3if{ eGb}, ;+3if{nfO{ hLjg eGb}
ljgf;sf] :jf; km]b}{
v} lsg o:tf]
k/]8 v]N5g\ <
54
lhGbuL ofqf
tgfjsf] kfOnf nDsbf,
kL8f kmN5, km"N5 kmqmG5
/ cfFz' axG5 .
dgsf] cg'xf/ pEofpg
b'Mv bxdf /x/ 5/]/
sdn km"n km"Ng
efj / t/ ;Fu
kL/sf] k/]8,
;f]rfOsf] eL/df v]Ng' k5{ .
k|of;sf] uf]8fx?nfO{ lxF8fpFb}.
cfZjf;gsf xftx? rnfpFb} uf]8dn ub}{
sNkgfsf] kxf8nfO{
oyfy{tfsf] w/ftndf
plAhgsf] sfw b]vfpg' k5{
/ ljZjf;sf] :jf;n] p7fpg' k5{ .
pd rlDsP/
dg d':sfg vf]Hbf,
cljZjf;sf] j/ eTsfpFb}
x[bo cfsfzdf,
Hof]lt lkmhfpFb} cfzfsf],
lg/fzfnfO[ s'Nrg' k5{
/ ;'v b'Mvsf] P]gfn]
dgsf] cg'xf/ x]g'{k5{
zfob oxL ofqf
lhGbuL x'g' k5{ .
55
sl7gtf
cfzf hGdL /xG5 dgdf
lg/fzfn] 3f]rL /xG5 tgdf
b'V5 b'Vb}g <
tgel/sf] 8f]ax? ljZn]if0f ubf{
/utsf wAaf d]l6g ;S5
:jf;n] sfn ;Fu hLjg dfUg',
hLjg lxF8\bf lxF8\b} cfkm} yfSg'
slt oyfy{ xf] <
gfKg] s;L 5}g .
n]Vg] d;L x'Fb}g
hLjgsf] tf}n
t'nf] t/fh'df e]6\g
/ lx/f /Tgn] n]kg ug{
;kgfsf] dxn e]6\b}df
ljkgdf ;To / ;xL x'Fb}g .
hLjg ef]ufOsf] k|s[lt
aGb, k|ltjfbdf kl/eflift ug{ .
dg ;Fu hLjg
hLjg ;Fu dg x'Fb}g .
56
d:t 5
;fdflhs dof{bf / g}ltstf leq,
:jtGqtfsf] lju'n km'Sg]x?,
sxfF e]l6G5 / oxfF, hf] ;s8sdf 6fo/ afNb},
rSsfhfd x8\tfn, tf]8kmf]8 u/]/}
cfdfsf] cl:dtf n'6fpFb}
/fxtsf] :jKgLn xfpefpsf] tf08jg[Todf d:t 5 .
n'6sf] ef]h et]/ st} st} pgLx?sf] 7"nf] zx/ Tot} Tot}
cl:y/ lg/Gt/tf, d:tLsf] pT;jn]
ufF; hln /x]5, af; auL /x]5, skf; p8L /x]5
cv08tfsf] 3f]8r9L bf}8fP/
lrxfg a9L /x]5, lrtf hln /x]5 .
t/fO{, kxf8, lxdfndf /utsf] klx/f],
h'n'; / gf/fsf] Hjfnfd'vL,
sf08} sf08sf] sDkg
xfgyfk, efua08f s} dxf]T;jn]
tx;, gx; aGbdf,
e]8f, afv|f, uf]? ;a} Jo:y 5g\ .
o;}n] cfdfsf] cl:dtf n'l6Fb}5 .
axfb'/ / axfb'/Lsf] s'/f
c?sf nflu dfq lzv/ k'ofP/
x}hf, n'tf], sn]/f, ljkm/, l6jL
SofG;/, / P8\;sf dfq kmf/fd eb}{ /f]ux?sf] pGd"ng xf]Og
b]z sf6\g] g]tfx?nfO{
aGr/f], jf;'nf, cf/f, v's/L, nf7L, hfn
x:tfGt/0f ub}{, lhGbfjfb / d'bf{jfbdf
sf]xL cfFz'df sf]xL xfF;f]df hgtf hgf2{g Jo:y 5g\ .
57
Oltxf;laxLg b]z
Oltxf; kN6fP/ x]/,
xfdL xs laxLg, xfdL clwsf/ laxLg,
xfdL st{Jo laxLg ePsf] e]6\g] 5f}+ .
clg Oltxf; s} xft, v'f, 6fpsf] sfl6P/
Oltxf;, Oltxf; laxLg x'Fb} u/]sf] b]Vg] 5f}+ .
ca ToxL clttsf] 5fofF gk/f];\,
Gofosf] cfFvf gkmf]l8of];\, / hft hftsf]@ efiff efiffsf]
e]if e]ifsf] lvrftfgLsf] ljb|f]xdf
d, ltdL, xfdL, b]z laxLg x'g gk/f];\ .
dnfO{ d]/f] a'4 b]vfO{ b]pm
lIflth p3f/]/ zflGtsf] :jf; km]g{,
dnfO{ ;Ltfsf] cfbz{ b]vfO b]p,
sNk, sNk cfdf >[+uf/]/ xfF:g,
/ dnfO{ tL jL/ lj/fgf lrgfO b]pm
;Rrf >4f~hnL r9fP/ rGb| ;"o{ afFRg .
hf] sf]xL ;xLb x'g ;Sb}g, ;xLbsf] ckdfg gu/
hf] sf]xL /fli6o lje"lt x'g ;Sb}g, elQm s] xf] dgg u/
/Qm /Lg kmfF6x?sf] bfu d]l6g' k5{ df6f] p7fP/
ca lrxfg ga9'\g cft+s bf]xf]ofP/
ca cyfx lrtf, gblGsof];\ Hjfnfd'vL km'6fP/
lhpFbf] cftdf a'sL{ g5fl/of];\ cl:tTj s'08 hnfP/
;w}+ b]z leq d leq b]z xf];\
d b]z x'F, b]z leq b]z laxLg x'g gk/f];\
d xfF;]/ d afFRg k/f];
d afFr]sf] b]z leq b]z laxLg x'g gk/f];\ .
d Oltxf;laxLg b]zsf] x'g gk/f];\ .
58
rqmAo"xdf e]8f, af]sf / v;L

e]8fx?,
sfl6G65g\, dfl;G5g\
/ efl;G5g\ .
af]sfx? knfpF5g\
uGxfpF5g\
/ af}nfpF5g\ .
e]8f af]sf x'g ;Sb}g,
af]sf uGxfpg 5f8\b}g
uGw d]6fpg,
v;Lsf] ?kdf abNbf
v;Lx? df]6fpF5g\
a}nf] afv|L eGbf sd x'Fb}g uGxfpg] af]sfx?
3f]8r9L v]ln/xG5 e]8f ;Fu
;dy/ d}bfgdf cfkm\g}
plePsf] kxf8x? <
clUnb} u/]sf] kxf8df
lxpFsf] axf/
d}bfg, kxf8, lxdfn Pp6} eGg]
r]tgzLn dgn] a'em\b}gg\ <
To;}n],
logLx?nfO{
e]8f, af]sf, v;L, afv|f eGbf km/s kb}{g .
lsgsL uGxfpg] af]sfn] e]8fx? dfly
wf]sfsf] hfnem]n ul//xG5g\ . rqmJo"x /lr/xG5g .
59
b]zsf] vf]hL
o'4 n8]/,
b]z leq b]z vf]Hg]x? dWo]sf]
d klg Ps x'F
/ut 5/]/, /ut leq g;f vf]Hg]x? dWo]sf
d klg Ps x'F
Oltxf; Roft]/
Oltxf; agfpg vf]Hg] dWos]f
kl/ro df;]/ kl/ro u/fpg vf]Hg] /,
kl/rosf], kl/ro vf]Hg]x? dWo]sf]
d klg Ps x'F .
5fofFdf em08fsf] 5fofF,
3fddf 3fdsf] kfgLdf kfgLsf]
lhtnfO{ 6]s]/.
xf/sf] cl:tTj vf]Hg]
ljZjf;sf] JolQmTj df:g]
clUgHjfnfsf] slxNo gleGg] clUgx? x'F,
v/fgLdf k/fgLsf] cl:tTj vf]Hg]
k/fgLsf] v/fgL x'F d
/fi6 jf/ eTsfPsf] b]v]/,
/fi6 jf/ g} eTsfpg]
td;'sdf ;fIfL a:g],
bfof, afofF, tn, dfly NofKr] lyRg]
s'rL{df s'rL{ vf]Hg]x? dWo
v6, sfqf] dnfdL
/, z+v km"Sg]
b]zleq b]z vf]Hg] ;nfdL /
agfdL x'F d .
60
k/b]zdf b]v b'Vof] <

k/b]zdf ltdL 5f}+
:jb]zsf] s'/f u5f}{+ <
s] s] uof}+ b]zsf nflu
eg, ca s] s] u5f}+ <
e"Nof} ls hxfg kl/jf/
ls cem} dfof u5f}{+ <
em/]sf tL cfkmGt cfFz'
s] s;f]/L k'R5f}+ <
/sf s'/f ;'Gbf
/ftf] /sf] gbL slt ;'Gof}+ <
/lb} l;} :jb]z b'Vbf
eg ltdL oxfF slt b'Vof}+ <
cfkm" cfkm"nfO{ dfq a'Gof} ls
k/b]zdf b]z a'Gof} <
k/b]zdf b]z b'Vof] ls
cfkm" / cfkm} dfq b'|Vof} <
61
d]/f] hLjg
ss;sf] x'F d,
ss;sf] xf]Og <
of] PSnf] HofgnfO{
afF8]sf] 5}g .
d ltd|f] x'F ls
ls x'F d p;sf] <
of] PSnf] HofgnfO{
Tof] yfxf 5}g .
xfF:gsf nflu
sxfF hfg' k5{ <
k'R5gnfO{ cfFz'
s] s] lbg'k5{ .
eL8df lxF8\5f}
ha e]6\gnfO{
kmFofs]/ x]/
df]xgL lt/nfO{
d efUg vf]H5'
Psl5g tsL{
dfofn] afWg
ltdLn] cfkm\gf] ;DemL
;kgfsf] ljZjf;
ulb{g cfpg
dfofsf] 3/df
ltdL g} cfpg
h'gtf/f 5]Sg]
afbn yfS5
dfofn] x]/,] dfof g} xfF:5 .
62
cl:tTj vf]h
v'lsnf] km/flsn]f kmfF6,
xl/ofnL rlDsnf] kxf8
lg/Gt/ d':s'/fO /x]sf] lxdfn
x'g'kg]{ xf] d ;Fu
t/ cyfx efFlrPsf] kxf8sf] xftx?,
a];x/f cgluGtL t/fOsf v'fx?,
/utfDo lxdfnsf zL/x?
d]/f] ;fd' 56\k6fO{ /x]sf] b]v]sf] 5',
cfsfz ;'s]sf],
u'/fF;sf] 5flt km'6]sf],
r/fr'?L 3/jf/ laxLg ef]udf
qmlds anLdf r9]sf] e]6]sf] 5' .
d h:t} d]/f 5fofFx?,
d h:t} d]/f dfofx?,
gff] j:tLsf] bf}8df,
cTof;nfUbf] tx;gx;sf] eL8df
xs, clwsf/sf] sfqf] cf]9]/
st{Josf] a'sf{ ;d]6]/
lhGbfjfb / d'bfjf{bsf] WjgLdf
st} lrtfdf, st} lrxfgdf
hln /x]sf], ulx/L /x]sf] b]v]sf] 5',
d cw'/f], ck'/f] cb"/bzL{
afFRgsf] cy{df d/]sf] 5'
dg'{sf] cy{df afFr]sf] 5',
yfx 5}g d sf] x'F <
To;}n] d[To' ;Fu d]/} cl:tTj vf]hL /x]5' .
63
d]/f] ufpF
d]/f] ufpFn] lxhf] cfh,
dnfO{ vf]H5 vf]Hb}g <
d}n] v]n]sf cfFugn],
dnfO{ ;f]Wg' ;f]Wb}g <
p;sf] efiff s;n] a'em\5 xf]nf,
p;sf] cfzf slt b'V5 xf]nf
hxfF d afd] ;/] Tof] sf]7f,
hxfF d 6's' 6's' lxF8] Tof] rf]6f
d geP/ s;/L xfF;]sf] xf]nf,
d geP/ p;n] slt kL8f ;fr]sf] xf]nf
p;sf] cfFz' s;n] k'R5 xf]nf
p;sf] b'v];f] s;n] ;'G5 xf]nf
rf p8fpg] nfx?, af6f] s'b}{ yfSbf] xf]nf
d}n] v]Ng] vf]kLx? df6f] au]/ 5f]Kof] xf]nf
d}n] k9]sf lstfax?, 3ld/fn] rf6\of] xf]nf
d}n] n]v]sf sfkLx? ls/fofdf a:g]n] RofTof] xf]nf,
d}n] k9]sf] :s"nx?df z}lIfs ;'uGw p:t} xf]nf
d}n] lxF8]sf] af6f]x?df p:t} km"n km"N5 xf]nf .
b]p3/df wfdL sfDb}, b]p/f] nlu z}n]Zj/L k'U5 xf]nf
ufpF ufpFsf Oi6 ldq, dftfsf] bz{g ug{ k'Ug' xf]nf
s[i0f dlGb/sf] 8f]nx? hosf/df ahf/ 3'D5 xf]nf
;a} b]jL b]jtfx?n] cflzs lbFb} r'D5 xf]nf .
d]/f] 3/sf] Eofnaf6 cr]n RofO{ s;n] x]5{ xf]nf
eml/ kbf{ en aUbf Tof] ahf/df sf] sf] v]N5 xf]nf
d}n] h:t} ufpF 5f]8L ;fyL efO sxfFsxfF k'Uof] xf]nf
dnfO{ ;DemL cfh ef]ln d]/f] ufpF s7} slt b'Vof] xf]nf
64
;Demfpg' k5{
sf] sf] dfl/P <
sf] sf] d/] <
lrxfg vf]tNb}
d'bf{x?nfO{ ;f]Wg' k5{
slt b'v]sf] 5 <
lrtfsf] d':nf],
cjz]if v/fgL s]nfpFb}
xTof/fnfO{ Tof] d[To' lbP/ ;f]Wg' k5{
slt b'V5 eg]/ <
:jfy{af6 ;+rflnt
dl:tisdf a:g] ljj]slxg ljrf/
/ kf6k"hf{x?,
a'l4lhjL egfpFbfx?sf] cfcfkm\g}
c;xdlt, ;xdlt,
kL8f, ;+j]bgf, r]tgf / b[li6lxgtfnfO{
cf}sftsf] lzIff ;+u|xLt ug{
>d, 1fg, l;k k|ltefsf] k/]8 v]nfpg
;Totfsf] eL/kfvf bxx? ;Demfpg' k5{
cfFz' ;Fu cf:yf / ljZjf;sf]
/ut ;Fu Tofu / alnbfgsf]
efiff, e]if, elQm ldnfpg ;Demfpg' k5{ .
65
ckdfg Oltxf;sf] <

km]l/ nfUof] ls lgn 8fd
km]l/ eof] ls lgn 8fd
;flnsnfO{ ;f]Wg' k/]sf] 5
pQ/ ;"Go x'G5 yfx 5 .
kL8f t ef]uL ;s]sf] 5 p;n],
3fd / kfgLsf]
lr;f] / atf;sf]
s'g ;hfodf p;n] lg/Gt/ pleg' k/]sf] xf] <
kl/jt{gsf] cf}+nfn] xftn]
st} 6fpsf] lul8Psf],
st} cf}+nf efFlrPsf]
st} IftljIft 9'f aiff{OPsf] bfu 6f6fx?df
ss;n] cfkm\gf] pbf/tf n]Vof] <
nf}g atfO{ b]pm sf]xL 5f} eg]
lsg Oltxf;nfO{
nfrf/ xftn] ljeT; ckdfg u/]sf] xf] <
66
lz/ sfl6of]
;fg]sf] ef]6f], ;fgLsf] hfdf
sfG5Lsf] u'Gof] rf]nf] / cfkm\g} s5f8
6fn6'n d} rnfpFbf rnfpFb}
;fyLsf] b]vfl;sLdf
ljb]lzg] cft'/ dgn]
b'gf] ufO{ / dNnfu8f a]r]/
/fxbfgL agfOof], uf}l/v]t a]r]/
lrnuf8Lsf] l6s6, / bnfnnfO{ sld;g ltg{ gk'u]/
lz/ 9fSg] 5fgf] klg,
lwtf] /fVg kl5 k/]g dg .
ljb]zL d'b|f sdfpg] l;dn e'Fjf dgn]
9's'6L el/g],
ef]6f], hfdf, u'Gof] rf]nL, s5f8 lelqg]
cfzf hGDof] / ljzfn d/e"lddf
>d /f]Kg], kl;gf 5g]{, /ut kf]Vg]
cfzf 6's6's lxF8\g yfNof
clg,
d/e"lddf >d /f]k], kl;gf 5/], /utn] kf]t]
hLjgn] jf/ xfn] 3fdsf] /fkdf hNb}@
sof}+ lbg sf6]
l;/fgLnfO{ ;fyL agfpFb} cfFz' pkxf/ lbP/
t/ ;fg], ;fgL, 7'nL / sfG5Lsf]
cf 9fSg / cfkm\g} cfzf km"nfpg
dgsf] OR5f
uGtJodf k'Ug gkfpFb}
st} dfl;of]
gk'u]/ lz/ g} sfl6of] .
67
rflxFb}g ;+3
zflGtsf] / d]6\g
rflxFb}g of] b]znfO{ ;+3
sf6s'6 ul/ af8\bf
/xFb}g g]kfnsf] /c
cfdfsf] cl:tTj /fVg,
g]kfnL ag]/ x]/
dfg'{ / dg'{sf] cy{
x'Fb}g ;xLb jL/
clwsf/ afF8]/ lxF8
hft hftL ;j}nfO{ p7fpg
ldnfp xftsfFw ;a}n]
rGb| ;"o{ Wjhf kmx/fpg] .
efiff / e]ifsf] lj6'nf]
ag]/ d]rL sfnL
sf6df/ u5f}{ lsg <
ljb]zL Ozf/f cfnL .
;+3df af8\bf b]z of]
6'[lqmG5 kl5 x]/
clwsf/ k'ofp ufpFdf
efiff, e]if, hft, hftL, ;lk|g] u/]/ .
;+3Lo ljwfg gagfp,
aGb}g b]z /fd|f]
g]kfn / g]kfnL afWg]
agf];\ ljwfg xfd|f] .
68
hLjg dfof
d b'MvnfO{ dfof u5'{,
dfof u5'{ ;'vnfO{ klg
;lDemG5' ;'v b'Mv hLjg xf],
To;}n] dfof u5'{ hLgnfO{ klg
d lxF8]5' wf]sfsf] hndf
cfkm}+ x/fpg] ul/
5flt lk6L k|of; rnfo
kfpg] cfzf 5l/
df6f]df leh] d kfgL em}+
vf]Hg hLjgsf] d"No klg
lgb{oL d[To'n] vfg] eof] hLjg
p8fpg] eof] v/fgL klg
69
d[To' ;+s]t
ltdL ax'nfO{ ;s]5f} ls <
xf] / < ca d'lQm rflxof] ltdLnfO{,
s:tf] d'lQmsf] ;f]r xf] ltd|f] <
ufpF, zx/, b]zs}, d[To' ;+s]t kfOof] <
yfx 5 ltdLnfO{ o;sf] hGd ePsf],
s;/L Ps /fi6 agfOof]
efFlRrof] cf}+nf pgsf]
Oltxf; g} lsg hnfOof] <
sf9f kmnfpF5' eGg] ltdL,
cg]stfsf] o:tf] km"n lsg kmnfOof]
tf]8kmf]8sf] g[To a:tL a:tLdf
;8s ;8sdf aGbsf] cfuf] lsg nufOof] <
;Hhg, akmbf/ ;2] eGg xf} eg]
b]zs} d[To' ;+s]t lsg kfOof] <
c1ft /x:o
hGd
/ d[To'sf]
e]6 gx'g'
clg
;'v
/ b'Mvsf]
qmd rln /xg'
lhGbuLsf]
;Demf}tf x'g ;S5,
hGdb]lv
d[To';Ddsf] b'/L
g gfKg ;lsG5
c1ft /x:osf] k|tLs
dfq xf], d[To'
g o;nfO{ RofTg ;lsG5 .
70
lgdf{0f dnfdL
d h:t} dxfg\ 5g\, d]/f] b]zsf jf;Lx?,
d h:t} ljzfn 5g\, d]/f] b]zsf vnf;Lx?
b]z xfFSg] rfns ;Fu lxF8\g ;S5g\ lhGbfjfbdf
b]z df:g] rfns ;Fu lxF8\g ;S5g\ d'bf{jfbdf
of] lhGbfjfb / d'bf{jfbsf] k|eftdf,
nf]8;]l8 vKg ;S5g\
yl/yl/.sf vf]nf gfnf, gbLsf] uj{ u/]/
ljiffbL kfgL lkpg ;S5g\ .
To;}n] d h:t} dxfg\ 5g\ ljzfn 5g
lsgsL d klg To:t} ef]uGtsf/L x'F
PskN6 lht]/
;of}+kN6 xfbf{ /x]5g\
d}n] lbPsf] clwsf/n]
dnfO{ g} kmfF;Ldf /fVbf /x]5g\
st{Jo e'n]/ l;+x uh{g, af3 3'/fO{ ubf{ /x]5g\
v} s:tf] Oltxf; x'g rfnsx? <
d[To'sf] :s"n sfqf]sf] Wjhf lrxfgsf] lzIff,
lrtfsf] xf]d, :jtGqtfnfO{ dnfdL agfpFbf /x]5g\ .
71
a'sL{ 5b}{ em08f

j'jf :ju]{ x'g' ePsf] vj/ ;'g]
w]/} /f]o, cfz'Fn] c'gxf/ wf]P
h'Qf nufO{, skfn gsf6L gvf}/L,
5'L dfUg clkm; uP,
Tof] lgn{h ;fx' lyof],
lhGbuLsf] /fx' lyof],
dfq Pslbg 5'l lbof]
skfn vf}/g] jf gvf}/g] < k|Zg eof] .
xftd'v hf]g]{ Tof] dfq Pp6f sfd lyof] .
g]kfnsf] sfF65fF6 dfq u/],
/ftel/ 56\klP/ e'OFdf n8]
qmLof gug]{ kfk /r],
ef]lnkN6 sfddf hfg sDd/ s;]
7"n7"nf l;;f k'5\g] sfd lbof],
afa' cfdf ;DemL cfFz' r'lxof]
t]x| lbg;Dd o:t} o:tf] d]/f] a'jfsf]
k/b]zdf d 5f]/fsf] lqmof lyof]
;kgfdf j'jf cfpg' eof],
g/f]p 5f]/f egL ;Demfpg' eof] .
cfFz' gbLn] l;/fgL leHof]
kL/ Joyfn] ;w} lyRof] .
j'jfn] klg g;f]wL 5f8]
/Llt l/jfhnfO{ kl/l:yltn] tf]8]
ltly ldlt e'n] klg
lIflth x]l/ cfFz' emfb}{ rL/ zflGtsf] nflu
>4f ;'dg ;w}+ r9fpF5' .
72
s] ef] / <
ltdLn] e'Nof} < s] ef] /
cfzfdf t km"n]sf 5f}
dgdf s] 5 < ulx/L x]/
dfof d'6'df v]n]sf 5f}+ .
cfFz' em/] klg c;f/] eml/ eP/
dfq ltdLn] /f]s]sf 5f},
dg ;Fu ulxl/P/ dgnfO{ a'em
dfofnfO{ dfq ltdLn] r'd]sf 5f}+ .
5flt leq sf] 5 x]/
w's w's ub}{ gzf gzf 3'd]sf 5f}
ltdL ljZjf; u/ of gu/
n'lsl5kL ltdLn] of] dfof a'em]sf 5f} .
73

rf}kfofnfO{
alnsf] nflu
df]n nufpFb}
k;f{OG5 sfl6G5
clg ef]u ;Fu ;fl6G5
t/ xf/fxf/Ldf
dfG5]x?nfO{, dfG5]x?n]
v'Nnd v'Nnf ;dfpFb} nufd nufpFb}
n'sfpFb} anL r9fpFb} 5g\
vf]htnf;sf] df]ndf
;w} 9fl6G5,
cGwsf/sf] ahf/
hLjgsf] df]ntf]ndf nf]EofpFb}
t/fO{b]lv lxdfn;Dd vf]qmf] /fxt km}nfP/
df6f] klg
lnnfddf kf/]/
df]n nufpg
/fli6o tTj nDsL /x]5
df]ntf]ndf
cfdf df/]/
a'sL{ 5g]{x?af6
asL{ 5b}{
74
;flxTo
;flxTo,
3fd xf] kfgL xf]
9'f xf] df6f] xf] .
clg 8]/f xf] / 3/ xf] .
;flxTo
cIf/ xf], zAb xf]
/ jfSo xf]
;flxTo
efj xf], O{;f/f xf]
ldng xf] ;lDdng xf]
;'v xf], b'Mv xf]
clg slxNo} gdg]{
cd/ cy{,
lbg / /ft
sfnf] cyjf pHofnf] k|sfz xf]
/ ljrf/sf]
;ld>0f
efjgfsf] nflnTok"0f{
cleJolQm
75
hLjg ;flxTo
ldng
zAb
/
cy{sf],
;lDdng
efj / ljrf/sf],
;lDd>0f
sNkgf
/
efjgfsf]
nflnTok"0f{
cleJolQm <
;flxTo t xf]
:jf; km]5{
d'6' rN5
gfs 5
af;gfsf]
dx;'; u5{,
;'G5
sfg 5
b]V5
cfFvf 5
af]nL /xG5
lg/Gt/
em/gf em}
To;}n]
hLjg 5 .
76
xfOs'
cfFz'n]
l;/fgLnfO{,
kL8f
glbo
leHof]
lsg <
gyk]
lj/x
b'Vb}
aflxl/GYof]
eg lsg <
xfOs'
lr;f]
l;/fgL
x'g'
dg}
lxdfn
kUng'
g xf]
3fp
lgsf]
gx'g'
Joy{}
dg hln
/xg'
g xf] .
/
hLjg
eGg'
;'v
b'Mv
g xf] .
77
km"n]sf] 5
ltd|f] dfof,
of] x[bodf
ulxl/P 5,
kfkL geg
of] dfofn]
ltd|f] x/]s 's/f
n'6]sf] 5
ltdL xfF:bf
d xfF:5'
ltdL b'V5f}
d b]V5'
To;}n] t
d]/f] hLjg
ltd|f] dfofdf
;w}+ km"n]sf] 5 .
afbn
afbnn] nfh dfg]sL eP,
lsg cfsf;d} d8fl/, a/flnFb} 8'ln/xGyL
km]l/ ls/0fsf] ;Ddf]xgaf6 klG5b}
lsg w'? w'? ?Fb} jifL{ /xGyL
h"g tf/fx?n] ;'G5g\, p;sf] ugug
ef]U5g\ u8\of u'8'sf] uh{g
clg x:of km:of ub}{
km"; km"; lxpFsf] ?kdf,
/ slxn], s8\lsP/, cl;gfsf] ?kdf em/]sf] x]5{g\
dl:sb} wlt{sf] 5fltdf
cfsfz s;}n] vf]:g ;s]g eg]/, cfsf/ abNb}
slxn] sfnf] ?kdf
slxn] ;]tf] ?kdf
cfsfzd} df]hd:tL ub}{
8'nL /xG5] .
78
uf]vf{nLsf] uj{
uf]vf{nL x'g'sf] uj{,
v's'/Lsf] wf/df lxF8\g',
t/jf/ ;Fu v]Ng'
uf]nf, af?b, PDa';} ;Fu n8\g'
clg hLjg ;f6]/
d[To' ;Fu k/]8 v]Nb}
zflGtsf] lju'n km'sL /xg' klgxf] .
snfsf/ uf]vf{nL xftx?,
ld;fOn klg v]N5g\,
sxfF sd 5g\ uf]vf{nL sfwx?
ljZjnfO{ g} af]Sg ;S5g\
To;}n] t uj{ 5 uf]vf{nL x'g'df
ljZjn] cfb/ ;Tsf/ / ;nf}6 u5{g\
To;}n] uf]vf{nL eg]s} cfdfsf] cd/ d'6' rln/xg' klg xf] .
l;f] a]nfot ag]/ plePsf] 5 a]nfot
uf]vf{nL jL/x?sf] /ut / kl;gfn] d[To'nfO{ lht]/
cem} 8fOgfdfO6 k8\sb} 5g\ tflnjfg lj?4,
O/fsdf em}+ ckmuflg:tfgdf
dfof, k|]d, :g]xsf] l;Gb'/ hfqf ug{,
uf]vf{nL eg]s} ljzfn lxdfn xf], kxf8 xf], t/fO{ xf]
snsn axl/g] gbL xf]
To;}n],
afFrL /x]5g\ d[To' lht]/ ljZjd} a'4Tjsf] nflu
uf]vf{nL x'g'sf] uj{ af]s]/ .
79
cfw'lgs kl08t
gfdsf] a:tLdf
ab\gfd 5g]{x?
lrRofpF5g\ s/fpF5g\
/ a:tL g} ysf{pF5g\
leGbf leGb} l;4fGt /f]k]/,
ufpF, ufpF rsf{pF5g\
zx/ zx/ eTsfpF5g\\
/ htftt} cfuf] ;NsfpF5g\
>La[l4sf] x}g,
s''a'l4sf] htftt} /f]kfO{ u/]/
st} xft, st} v'f, st} l;,} b]x g}
:jfx :jfx ub}{
u'dfpg] l;4fGt af]s]sf kl08tx?
b]z g} c?nfO{ r9fpF5g\ .
cfsn em'Ssn gfRg] cfFvfx?,
c c sf6\g] efsfx?df
tx;gx;sf] bf]x/L ufpF5g\
cfb{zsf] anfTsf/df,
cl:dtfsf] lrTsf/df
oL kl08tx? uf]xL cfFz' v;fN5g\
leq leq}
b]zdf/f s/f}tL rnfpF5g\ .
80
kl/rosf] vf]hL
o'4 dxfo'4n]
hGdfpg vf]h]sf] :jtGqtf
cyf{t\ xs clwsf/ / st{Jo
ghlGdP/ ue{ d} t'lxg] u5{
To;}n] oxfF
:jtGqtfsf] g xf t 5 t hft 5
a? ;'8]gLsf] hdft 5 .
c/fhstf emg emg
clUnFb} 5, ulxl/Fb} 5,
st{Jo klx/f]n] k'l/Fb}5
aGb5g\ a'4sf cfFvf b'j}
;':t 5g\ ;Ltfsf] cfbz{ cem}
htftt} cl:dtf n'l6b}5
Oltxf; /f]P/
jt{dfg afFRg d'l:sn 5 .
ax' wd{, efiff, e]ifsf] n:s/df
ax' elQm /lb}
/utfDo e} ;s]sf] 5,
p;sf] n]vfO{ xf]
jf
n]Vg] ;'8]gLx? xf] <
:jtGqtf kmfF;Ldf em'l08Psf] 5
k'ikx? aOln/x]5g\ ;w}+
/ eml/ /x]5g\ ;w}+
p;n] cfkm\g} kl/ro vf]lh /x]5
d[To'df klg
hGddf klg
81
d sf]dn k|;fb
h'g dlGb/df hfG5',
eL8d} x'G5',
dlGb/sf] jl/k/L 3'd]/
kmls{g dg dfGb}g
;do ;Fu ;Demf}tf u/]/ k|j]zsf] kvfO{ ha f/df k'U5
d"n 9f]sfsf] 306f 6\jf ahfpF5'
eL8d} leq k;]/
d'l:sn}n] lz/ lgx'ofP/
b]jL b]jtfnfO{
b08jt u/]/ cfkm}+nfO{ klg r9fpF5' k|;fb agfP/
t/ d k|;fb
p;nfO{ -eujfgnfO{_ sfd nfUb}g cfzLjf{bdf
/L lj/L ldl>t 6Lsf lgwf/df 6fF;]/'
km"ndfnf ;Fu} xfF;]/
d aflx/ lg:sG5'
k|;fb lnP/ cfkm" klg k|;fb eP/
d sf]dn k|;fb
k|;fb g} x'F p;sf]
hLjg /x];Dd .
82
hLjg Ps b"/L
hLjg cln cln cfzfdf, axFbf ;dfpg vf]h]
clg cln cln lg/fzfdf ax\lsFbf ;Demfpg vf]h]
t/ dg cUnLo kl5 /f]Sg,
clg dg cnUuLo kl5 hf]8\g
rflxg] /x]5, dgUo]@ p8fOx?,
rflxg] /x]5, dgUo]@ hf]8fOx? .
ldng ;+;f/ ag]/ pleg ;S5 / <
lj5f]8 ;+xf/ ag]kl5
v'zL layf]Ng] d[To' ;Fu
hLjg dfu]/ kfOG5 / < p;n] n'6] kl5 .
pkm
hGd / d[To'sf] b"/L t /x]5 hLjg,
hLjg cln cln hfqfdf
hLjg cln cln 3[0ffdf
clg cln cln cfFz'df,
cln cln xfF;f]df axG5,, axlsG5
3ft / cf3ftdf klUnG5 ;lNsG5
To;}n] ;'v / b'Mvsf] b"/L t /x]5 hLjg
83
sfdgf
sfdgf,
ltdL dfG5]x? ;Fu
6'lqmPsf] l;f] cl:tTj arfO{ lbg
cfzf /f]k]5',
ofqfdf
dfq e/f]iff yk]/
of] d'6' rnfO{ lbg .
u'gf;f] kf]v]sf] 5'
cWof/f]df kof] eg]
dfkmL rfxfG5'
x'l/ ag]/ gp8fO{ lbg' .
cgfo;} ;]nfO{ lbg .
k'ofOlbg'
lgoldt,
;GWofdf
ltdLnfO{ e]6\g
cfpFb} ubf{
afWotfn],
ljjztfn] cg'xf/
b]vfO{ glbg'
s;}n] /f]H5 /
cGTosf] af6f]
a? cGt/ dgn]
;S5f} eg]
;kmntf lbnfO lbg
uGtJod} k'ofOlbg' .
84
sxfF lyP d
9f]sf v'Nof], aflxl/P
7"nf] kl/j]z lyof] cndlnP
af]nfpg] sf] xf] < ;f]Wg} e'n]
zfob d
;kgf 5f8]/
ljkgfdf cfPsf] lyP
yfx} ePg d sxfF lyPF@
d
x'ndf k;]5'
sf]xL efif0f ub}{ lyP
ToxL+ lhGbfjfbsf] .
tfnL ;'Gb} lyP aHb} lyP
ToxL d'bf{jfbsf]
tfnL ;'Gb} lyP .
/ oL tfnLsf] cy{ vf]Hb} lyP d . v} sxfF lyP@
clnslt v'zLdf,
clnslt b'Mvdf 8'a]/
zfob d ljkgfdf,
;kgf ;f]Rb} lyP
yfx} ePg d sxfF lyP . /] s] vf]Hb} lyP .
85
cGwf sf]
d cfFvf b]lVbg,
d cGwf,
lhGbuL plePsf] 5'
sfg 5 ;'lGbg
alx/f] x'F t} klg
lhGbuL a'em]sf] 5' .
gfs 5g,
jf;gf dx;'; u5'{
t/ d
lgoltn] ckf
cfkm" cfkm}+nfO{ ;DxfnL /x]5' .
cGwf] b'lgofF 5 /]
p;nfO{ ;Dxflng kb}{g / <
v'Nnf bf}8fpg] cfFvfx?n]
;xL s] unt s] 5'6\ofpg ;Sb}g / <
cfFvf ePsf lhpFbf cGwfx?nfO{,
s] eg' d <
sfg ePsf, g;'g]sf cleog ug]{ alx/fx?
d's'08f] xfn]/ rZdf nfpFb}
cfFvf lrDn]/ lxF8\g]
cGwfx?
cl:dtf a]R5g\, cl:tTj n'6\5g
d leqsf] cfFvfn] b]V5'
uGwn] lrG5' .
t/ cGwf sf] xf] < k|Zg ub}{5' .
p;n] cfkm}+nfO{ lrGb}g /
86
unt s] <
cfFvfnfO{
;hfo lbg' eg]s}
dgafbn p7\g' xf] .
cf]7 l5rf]n]/ 5fltsf] kmf6 x'Fb} axg' eg]s},
cfFz' aGg' xf]
unt dg} xf]
ls unt ;f]rfO{ <
dl:tissf] klg s]xL bf]if xf] ls
ljgfl;Q}sf] cndnfO{
d]6\b} gd]l6g] prfO{ r9\g
k'g}{ g;lsg] ux/fO{ ulxl/g'
v'zL k|flKtnfO{ ?g' xf] .
xf];d} a]xf];L x'Fb} hLjg wfGg' xf]
/ lgEb} u/]sf] lwklwk alQ x'g' xf] .
hLjg
b]lvg'
/ k|li6g'df km/s 5
pbfpg' / c:tfpg'df klg
/fpg' /
/lg'df km/s 5
ldng / lj5f]8 eGbf klg
To;}n]
hLjg ;+3if{ xf]
;+3if{ hLjg xf] .
87
;kmntf
ltdL km}ng'
/ ab\lng'df
OdfGbfl/tf eP,
afbn l5rf]nL cfsfz v'NYof}
kTy/ s'Fb]/ cfsf/ abnL
dlGb/ ;hfO{ O{Zj/sf] k'HYof}
ltd|f] kl/efifdf
g cfzf\ 5
/ g e/f]iff 5
ljZjf; eP
cljZjf; d]6\g ;SYof}
cGwsf/ l5rf]n]/
pHofnf] ;d]6]/
k|sfz 5g{ ;SYof} .
hLjg efs]/
uGtJofd sxfF k'luG5 / <
k}tnf rNg' grNg'df x'G5 uGtJo
efjgfsf] pHofnf] / cFWof/f]df
jf:tljstf tfk]/
e'Ng' x'Fb}g st{Jo
k|flKtsf] lzv/ r'Dg .
88
cgy{ x'g ;S5-d'Qms_

xfF:g' k5{,
;'xfP klg, g;'xfP klg,
tfnL ahfpg' k5{
dgnfu] klg, gnfu] klg
x'g ;S5, ax'nfsf] clego
cgy{sf] wf]sf kfP eg] .
v'zLsf] vl/b x'G5 /
cfFz'sf] tf}ndf <
hLjgsf] df]n /fv]/ <
laqmL x'G5 / gzfn' emf]ndf <
;'?jft x'g'k5{ ofqfsf]
xf/] klg lht] klg
rnfpg' k5{ kfOnf
sf9fdfly lxF8\g' k/] klg
x'g ;S5 cw'/f] ofqf
Joy{sf] cj/f]w cfP eg] .
ljZjf;sf] bLk,
lgE5 / To;}
cFWof/f]n] ;tfP/ eg] .
ljZjf; t kljq dlGb/ x'G5,
rf]vf] cfTdf To;sf] b]jtf x'G5,
s6' ;To xf],
cfTdf l/;fP cgy{ x'g ;S5 .
89
cfuf] nufof]
jiff{n]
Tof] d]/f] ufpF xf] eGg] la;]{/
af9L klx/f] k7fof]
afbnn] ls/0f 5]s]/
Tof] d]/f] ufpFnfO{ ?jfof]
dg]{x? t d/]d/]
sltslt cnkq k/]
Tof] d]/f] ufpF xf] eGg] lrGg]n] g}
hfgLhfgL cfuf] nufof]
uf]nL rnfof]
cfw'x'l/n],
ufpF d]/} xf] eGg] yfx kfP/
emg emg cfuf] bGsfof]
lxdfnn] lz/ lgx'ofP/
;+j]bgf snsn axfof]
hNg]x? t hn]hn]
slt slt gflP
Tof] d]/f] ufpF lrGg]n] g}
cGwfw'Gb uf]nL rnfof]
90
lu2nfO{ v'jfof]
Tof] d]/f] ufpFnfO{ ;Dem]/
g]tfx?n]
3/ g\Uofpg] /fxtsf] cfb]z k7fof]
sfo{stf{x?n] n'6kf6 u/]/
yl/yl/sf em08f kmx/fof]
em08f t kmx/fof] kmx/fof]
;f]emf afFsLnfO{ sf6s'6 u/]/
lrn / lu2nfO{ klg v'jfof] .
d'Qms
sf] ;S5 <
b'MvnfO{ lhTg], ;'v xf] eg],
s;L lsg nfpg' k5{ / <
;'vb'Mv lhTg], kfkL Tof] d[To'nfO{
/f]Sgsf] ;S5 / <
sf] 5 / b'Mv ljgfsf] <
df6f] 9'f hn]sf] x]/
nfjf, v/fgL 5/]/ sDkg ul5{g wlt{
s] ;emfpF5 cfsfz jlif{P/
cfsfz} b'Mvdf 5}g / < ls/0fnfO{ 5]s]/
s] u5{ afbn efuL /xG5 atfl;P/ <
;'v b'Mvsf] cy{ lsg ;f]wL /xg' ca <
cy{ nufpg ;Sg] sxfF 5 / <
91
bzuhf
k[YjLsf] pTvgg\df
Pstf hlGdYof],
g]tfsf] pTvgg\df
t/ cg]stf hGdb}5 .
ah| wd]/ l;dfgdf
bzuhf pv]lnFb} 5 .
k'R5/
sfgf / cGwf] 5 ;/sf/,
s]xL b]Vb}g / ;'Gb}g
ljeT; xTof, ub}{5 afemn] l;dfgfsf]
p;nfO{ s;}n] s]xL eGg} ;Sb}g
k'R5/ g x'g g]tfx?
p ljgf xlNnb}g .
rfn
ltvf{sf] s'/f
af9L / klx/f]df ug{ hfg]sf g]tfx?
;d'Gb| l/TofO{ lbg] clego u5{g\ .
cg]stfsf] o'4 wfjf af]s]/
g]tfx? :joDe"sf] cfFz' k'5\g vf]H5g\ .
df;' vfg]
Pp6f k|r08, Pp6f 1fg]Gb|
Pp6f lul/hf, Pp6f dfwj
cfcfkm\g} rl/qsf x'g ;a}
sf] 5 b]zsf] nflu uf]nL vfg] <
tGq} tGqn] b]z db}{5 ca
sf] sf] 5f}+ ;tL hfg] <
oL g} x'g /f]u /f]uL
wfdL emfqmL hgtfs} df;' vfg] .
92
s:tf] nfU5 <

ufpF ufpF /x]g,
zx/ zx/ /x]g t/ klg
hgtfnfO{ g]tfsf]
g]tfnfO{ /fhgLltsf] dft nfU5
;f]x| 306] nf]8;]l8 /
x8\tfn, hSsfhfd,
tfgftfg xfgfxfgfsf] b[Zo
x]g'{;\, clt /fd|f] eGg' xf];\
gq s'g} g s'g} kf6L{sf] aft nfU5
ca b]z d5{ Sof/],
of] k|Zg g]tfhL, tkfO{+nfO{ s:tf] nfU5 <
/
kGw| ;f]x| xhf/ dfl/P d/],
ufpF 5f]8] a:tL 5f]8]
P]g, sfg"g tf]8] ;+ljwfg df]8]
lhpFbf] / d/]sfx?df,
;lxbsf] xs, s;s;sf] nfU5 <
Pp6f} s'rL{sf] nflu,
Psyl/ blIf0flt/ csf]{ yl/ pQ/lt/,
eLvsf] s6f}/f dfq lsg yfK5
s;}n] d]rLnfO{ s;}n] sfnLnfO{
s;}n] /f]zL / u08snfO{
s;}n] k~r]Zj/nfO{ e]6L /fV5
of] P]ltxfl;s ljsf;sf] b[Zo
ulxl/P/ x]g'{;\, clg eGg'xf];\, b]z elQm xf] xf]Og <
gq cfdfsf] >fk nfU5,
of] k|Zg g]tfhL tkfO{+nfO{ s:tf] nfU5 <
93
ljGb"
ljGb"sf]
g s'g} ;ldf x'G5,
g s'g} cGTo x'G5
hfFRg] s;L x'Fb}g
n]Vg] d;L x'Fb}g
To;}n] t d[To'n] 5'Fb} 5'Fb}g .
lvrftfgL
s'rL{sf] nflu,
lvrftfgL a9L /xG5,
of] lvrftfgL,
cfuf] xf] st} hnfpF5
kfgL xf] st} aufpF5
cflw xf] st} p8fpF5
/Qm lkkf;', af3 xf] of],
dfG5] klg krfpF5 .
dg
xf/ xf]Og hLjg,
uLtsf] pkxf/ xf],
dfoflk|tsf] dg,
;'gf}nf] ;+;f/ xf],
hnfo hN5 dg
km"nfo km"N5 dg
To;}n] dg eGg' g} ljZjf; xf] .
94
a}t/0fL
r'gfjdf
g]tfx?n] xfg'{ k5{,
xf/sf] ckm;f]r,
rf/ 5 dlxgf aGg'k5{
s'rL{sf] ljho pT;j dgfpg
r'gfj lhTg' kb}{g <
t/ ljh]tfx?n]
a}t/0fL tg'{ k5{ .
x]5{
jfb / k|ltjfbdf,
s"nsf] ;"n n]
k|r08 8\/ n8\of]
cem} ;8s k]l6, ;bg hfd ug]{ 3d08 u5{
s6'jfnnfO{ wf]ltsf] cfzLjf{b geP
p;n] lsg s/s] gh/n] x]5{ <
a;
slx bf}t/Ldf
slx rf}tf/Ldf
jfb} jfbsf] /f]bL uLt ufO{ a;
ca ltdL kmqmg sl7g 5 ;+ljwfg
5 ;o Pssf] sf]7fdf, ysfO{ dfl/ a; .
lg0f{o
hgtf hgf2{g e]8f x'g\
jf g]tf e]8f x'g\ hf] h] ;'sg} x'g\
e]8] k|j[lQ TofUg' k5{ .
e]8f, afv|f, uf]7fnf] h'wfpg kNs]sf],
Tof] df6f] vfg], af3nfO{ ldn]/ g/f]s]
gq b]z 5f]8L efUg' kg]{ lbg cfpg ;S5 .
s'sf] s6fO{, l;nfO{ a'gfO{,
j}wflgs jf cj}wflgs
ef8 e}nf]sf] v]nsf] lg0f{o s;n] u5{ <
95
afemf] ue{
ue{ af6f] ePkl5,
uj{ hGdG5 / <
st} ue{df uj{ eO{ xfNof] eg]
;'8]gL cfot ug'{k5 / <
gk'\;s x'n afw]/, sjfh v]N5g\,
yl/ yl/sf ljsf; hGdfpg cf]yf/f] a:5g\
cf]yf/f] a:g] u8sf] emu8fdf,
lgsf; vf]Hg
hf] cfkm\g} cl:tTj lgof{t u5{g\,
y'k|} k|df0fx? 5g\
afemf] ue{df uj{ af]s]sfx/sf]
af]sfx?
hft hftsf af]sfx?
j0f{ j0f{sf e]8fx?
cfkm}+ vfG5g\, v'jfpF5g\
cfkm}+ cf]sN5g\ / rf6\5g
clg ue{df cfofltt e|'0f /fV5g\
clg ue{sf] uj{ u/]/ hfU5g\
lgsf; vf]Hb},
Oltxf; efR5g\ RofT5g\
/ cfuf] afN5g\ .
96
hf]uL gfr
lgot v/fj af]s]sf ;'8]gLsf],
:ofxf/ / ;Dxf/sf] nflu
eLvsf] s6f}/f yfKb}
gk'+;s gfrdf hLjg efU5g\
ljsf; hGdfpg
cxf] cxf] Oltxf; sf6\5g\
/ jt{dg ;Fu ;f6\5g\
Oltxf;} df/]/
hLjg ;Fu xf/]/
xf/sf] pT;j dgfpg .
jt{dfgsf] ;+sNkdf
cfnL sfGnf sf6\g] ;Fu}
hf]uL gfr gfR5g\ .
k'R5/df em'08\ofpF5f}
d}n] gfKg ;lsg ;kgfnfO{
ltdLn] t gfKg} Eofo 5f}
bfg blIf0fsf] rsf]{ :jfbdf
ltdLn], lj/f]wLnfO{ alnsf] af]sf agfP 5f}
;kgf atf;] x'G5 / < k|ZgnfO{ k|Zg ubf{
cfkm\gf] ;kgfnfO{
3'Dg] s'rL{df 3'dfpF5f}
/ c?sf] ;kgfnfO{
lrxfg wf]tL b]vfP/
cfs[lt laxLg
skf]n, slNkt cfZj;gsf]
k'R5/df em'08\ofP5f}+ .
97
s]xL 5}g
x'G5 ;kgf, ltdL g} lgbfp
d]/f] lgbdf atfl;g gcfp, cfpg' kb}{g
Psl5gsf] lgbdf,
dgnfO{ p8fpFb} ca ;tfpFb} g;tfp
xf8 5fnf afx]s s]xL 5}g
s:tf] nfU5 <

dxnx?df d:tLsf] uh{g,
;Qnx?df ;f:tLsf] dGyg,
uf;, af;, skf;sf] k|nf]eg <
huthggL, hgtf hgfb{gx?
r'gfjdf g]tfx?sf] c+z nfU5
ef]6 lbg'xf];\ gf]6 lng'xf];\
ef]6 glbP 3/ 5f]8\g'xf];\ eGg]
sfo{stf{x?sf] 8/, qf;, wDsL
cfug, rf]6f, 3/3/df nDsg yfN5
ef]6 glbP aft nfU5
ef]6 lbP kfk nfU5
g9f6L eGg' xf];\
cfdfsf] l;Gb'/ em/]sf]
cgfy, ljb'/, ljwjf a9]sf]
tkfO{+x?af6 >[lht bbf{gs cd/b[Zo
eGg'xf];\ g]tf hL tkfO{+nfO{ s:tf] nfU5 <
98
c? slt jif{ nfU5 <

8/ qf;sf hgtfx?,
lvrftfgLdf g]tfx?
o:tf] gff] xfgfxfgdf
;dfj]zL / ?kfGt/0fsf] s] cy{ nfU5 <
clg t/fO{ hnfpFb}, lxdfn lgx'ofpFb}, kxf8 9nfpFb}
sf6s6' u/fpFb} d':s'/fpFb}
Tof] zq'n] cfdfsf] /ut df;' rfV5
snf]kslNkt /fxtsf] tf08j g[To u/fpFb}
;+3sf] gfddf g]kfn cfdfnfO{ 6'qmf kf5{
/fi6elQm / nf]stGq
xs, clwsf/, st{Jo s] xf] <
Gofo, ;dfgtf=== s] xf] <
of] df6f]df pdfg{ / of] df6f] arfpg /fi6elQm hGdfpg
eGg'xf];\ g]tf hL,
tkfO{+, ltdL, tFnfO{, c? slt jif{ nfU5 <
dfof
ltdLnfO{ e]6\g, ;f]wf} xfjfnfO{
d sxfF sxfF p8\g] u5'{ <
vf]hL u/ 5flt leq
d}n] slt dfof 55'{
gftfsf] /]6fO{
cfFvfel/,
ltd|f] t:jL/ vf]Nbf
d'6' ;Fu gftf a9\5
lgb el/ ;kgf vf]Nbf
ljkgfsf] 3f6L /]6\5
99
sf]lz;
hLjgdf,
nfnL yKg cfpF5f} eg]
cfFz'nfO{ /f]Sg} knf{,
w's w'sL ;Fu v]N5f} eg]
lk|t 8f]/Ln] afFWg sf]lzz unf{ .
lsg <
b]znfO{ arfpFb} 5f} ls,
b]z dfb}{ 5f} eg
sfn dfq afFsL 5
6'qmf 6'qmf ub}{ 5f} lsg <
hft hftsf kf6L kf}jfx?df
;w}+ s/f}tL gfOs] s7}
sf6L /x]5f} xf8 klg lsg <
b]z dfg{nfO{ cem}
kmx/fpFb} ljgf;sf] ktsf
RofT5f} rGb|;"o{ Wjhf lsg
slxn] knfpF5 /fi6elQm
o'u o'u b]znfO{ arfpg .
100
ablng ;S5
c?nfO{ ufnL ug{ ;Sg]n]
ufnL vKgnfO{ ;Sg' k5{ .
l;Gb'/hfqf klg Pslbg
dnfdL ofqfdf ablng ;S5 .
lhGbuL ;nfdL x'g] ;lDemFbf
lnnfdlsf] k/]8 /f]lsg 'k5{
dxfgtfsf] s'/fn] 9'f klUnb}g
kl;gfdf jf:tljstf emlNsg' k5{ .
xft sf6\g] ltd|f xftx?nfO{
gd:sf/ ug]{ xft rflxPsf] 5
lgMz'Ns d[To' k9fpg] ltd|f cftx?nfO{
hLjgsf] cy{ s] s] l;sfOPsf] 5 <
afFRgnfO{ dg'{ kg]{ xf] hLjg,
t/ dg{nfO{ arfOPsf] 5,
hLjgnfO{ v'zLdf grfOg' kg]{ xf]
t/ lhpFb} kL8fsf] ;'nLdf r9fOPsf] 5
dfq PskN6 hGd]/,
/ PskN6 dfq dg'{ kg]{ xf],
oxfF t ;}of}+ kN6 hGdg] / dg]{ qmd hf/L 5
dg hn]/, l;/ lgx'l/P/ hLjg ;Ldf kf/L 5 .
101
d dfG5]
u|xx? /
tf/fx? ;DxfnL a;]sf] cfsfzdf
hxfF wlt{ l5g\
d klg ToxLFsf] ?dlnPsf] snfsf/ x'F
ToxfF,
k|Zg ug]{, klg 5g\
pQ/ vf]Hg] klg 5g, d[To' ;Fu n8]/
s]xL hLjg vf]Hg] klg 5g\
ToxLsf] d dfG5]
v'\zLdf cf]7 rfNg] 5g\
b'Mvdf cfFvf afNg]x? 5g\
lev /f]Hg] klg 5g
sNkgf u/]/
;kgf b]v]/
j]bgf lgrf]g]{ klg 5g\ .
d klg ToxLFsf] layf]lnPsf] Ps If0f x'F dfG5] .
km"n]sf klg 5g\
cndlNPsf klg 5g\
sf]xL cNem]sf 5g\
sf]xL aNem]sf 5g\
hfqf eg]{x? 5g\
hfqf ug]{x? 5g\
ToxL hfqf d08nLsf] d vnalNPsf] Ps u0f x'F dfG5] .
102
b'/L
aflxl/P/ v'zL vf]Hg
8'a] zflGt e]6\g
g v'zL e]6]+,
g zflGt e]6],
d demwf/ d} cndlNnP
lhGbuL plePsf] 7fpFdf 9ndlNnP/
k|Zg y'kf/]/
clUnP k|Zg ;Fu
t/ cnlUuP ljgf pQ/,
lhGbuL ;Fu ljgfsf/0f
sf/0f vf]h]/ /GylgP ljgf pQ/
hGd / d[To'sf] b'/L
dnfO{ t yfx} ePg
lsgsL,
d t a]xf];\ nl8;s]sf] /x]5'
o kmnfSb},
cfFvf vf]n]
d kmnfs] lrGof} a'em\of}
eGg] dfq u/]5'
lsgsL d} a]xf];df
hLjgsf] b''/L gfKb} 5' .
103
sf] xf]; <

ef]Ug} glbP/, a'em\g} glbP/
x]g}{ glbP/
hLjg tLtf] kfg]{ t sf] xf];\ <
hLjg lgrf]/]/, hLjg lryf]/]/
lsg hLjgsf] kl/efiff u5{;\ <
cfkm}+ leqsf efjgfnfO{,
e'dl/df rfxgfnfO{
kL/sf] eL/df, jL/x?sf] tL/df
lsg bf}8fO/xg] ;Nnfx lbG5;\ <
v'zL n'6]/ b'Mvsf]
xf];\ lyr]/ a]xf];sf]
hLjgsf] cj/f]wdf
v'zLsf] lsg lvTsf 5f]8\5;\ <
ef]Ug} glbP/ hLjg
hLjg tLtf] kfg]{ t sf] xf];\ <
lhGbuL
lhGbuL, g 6fNg ldN5
g ;f6\g ldN5
efl/ nfu] g kmfNg ldN5 .
a? axg ldN5 c1ft nx/df .
lhuGbLnfO{
cfFz' dfq eGg ldNb}g
/ xfF;f] eGg klg ldNb}g
slxn] RofltG5
st} sfl6G5
cfkm\g} eP klg l;pg ldNb}g
lhGbuLsf]
g st} cy{ 5
g lhGbuL Joy{ 5
To;}n] t lhGbuL
;/n=== hl6n=== / dfld{s 5 .
104
c1ft /x:o
hLjgsf] t/fh'df,
hGd / d[To'nfO{ tf}nbf
lht t d[To's} x'G5, /]
lsgsL
hGdsf] cGTo d[To'n] u5{,
d[To'sf] cGTo c1ft /x:o leq x'G5 /]
8f]/L
argdf dfof,
/ 3[0ff klg x'g;S5
dfof / 3[0ff aLrsf] b'/L g xf], kL8f
kL8fnfO{ pSng glbg,
ljZjf;sf] 8f]/Ln] afWg} k5{
ljho k/fho
lhGbuL tGsg' / v'Drg' ;Fu
k|of; sf] afx'Notf x'G5
d'n k|of;df
k|of;df g}
ljho / k/fho x'G5
105
dfof
ufnL vfPsf] klg xf],
x/fPsf] klg xf], 8/fPsf] klg xf],
kfPsf] klg xf]
oxL xf] g} xf] df dfof knfPsf] klg xf] .
x'Gg eg]sf] klg xf],
5'Gg eg]sf] klg xf]
kmsfPsf] klg xf]
t;f{Psf] klg xf]
oxL x'G5 x'Ggdf dfof km"nfPsf] klg xf]
cfFz' k'5]sf] klg xf]
v'jL a'em]sf] klg xf]
gftf hf]8]sf] klg xf]
ljZjf;sf] ;6lxdf dfof cd/ agfPs]f klg xf]
g s]xL uof]
c6]l/sf] c6]/df,
o'4 ub}{ uof}
yfs]gf} n8]/
g xfFof}+, glhTof}+
o'4sf] d]nfdf
ljZjf;sf] d]nf eof}
slxn] :jLs[lt
slxn] c:jLs[lt u/]/
g afFRof} gdof}+
ug{ glbg] ToxL xf] egL
h/} pv]8L lbof}+
s'/} dfq} /x]5 ltd|f] klg
g ltdLn] s]xL uof}
106
hLjgsf] gfktf}n x'b}g

hGd / d[To'sf] b'/Ldf,
hLjg <
slxn] ;kgfdf 8'N5
slxn] ;kgfdf km"N5
dfq sxfF k'U5 <
To;}n] ljkgfdf
cfFz' / xfF;f]df v'N5 .
Pp6f ;+3if{ 5,
;+3if{ ;Fu Pp6f hLjg 5
oxL lgotL 5 hLjg ;Fu
kmlqmG5, ;'uGw lbG5, jOlnG5
/ cfkm}+ em5{ .
:jLs[lt jf c:jLs[lt
Gofo jf cGofo
kfk jf wd{
hLjgnfO{ yfx x'Gg
hLjg klg Pp6f k|s[lt xf]
/xg' / g/xg'df
gfktf}n x'Fb}g
107
d / sljtf
dnfO{ nfU5,
d}n] sljtf n]lVbg,
sljtfn] dnfO{ n]vL lbG5,
lsgsL s] 5 / d ;Fu
sljtf n]VgnfO{ <
sljtf eP/ g} d n]lvFb}5', tL ljzfn kmfF6x?df,
h;n] sljtf k9L /x]5g\ .
sljtf km"N5, / ;'uGw 55{,
sljtfn] jf:tljstf b]V5, dx;'; u5{,
xfF:5 af]N5, gfR5 / ufpF5
To;}n] t sljtf cd/ 5,
/ p;n] dnfO{ b]V5 / n]V5 x/]s cftx?df .
sljtf kfgL xf] axG5
sljtf b'V5 cfFz' em5{ .
sljtf v'zL xf], d':s'/fpF5
To;}n] sljtf slxNo} db}{g ;bfjxf/ x'G5
t/ d d[To'df x/fP klg
d x'Fb}g sljtf x'G5
To;}n] dnfO{ nfU5 sljtfn] n]v]sf] x'G5
sljtf ;f/ klg xf],
sljtf k|sfz klg xf],
sljtf Jojxf/ klg xf],
sljtf Tof}xf/ klg xf]
;+If]kdf eGg' kbf{,
sljtfsf] sljtf d x'F
d]/f] k|f0f xf] sljtf
108
czflGtsf]
;u/ / ;fu/sf] b'/L,
ldng / lj5f]8sf] b'/L
gfKg] s;L aGg sf] ;S5 <
yfx 5}g
t/ zflGt hnfO{ /x]sf]
b]Vg] cfFvfx?
x]l/ /x]5g\ hngsf] prfO{,
ef]uL /x]5g\ hngs} ux/fO{
l/;fx?sf] l/;n] l7dfxx/sf] l7;n]
gLnfDo cl:dtf d} /x]sf] cfdfsf]
qmf]af, uf]dg, s/]6 ;k{x? x'g < xf]Og <
t/ 8;fOn]
x/]s lb;f b'MvL /x]5 d/0ffGt
x/]s lb;f gLnfDo e} /x]5 c c
g j]bgfsf] ux/fO{ gflkG5
p:t} cg'xf/ p:t} Jojxf/ cf]9]/
c/fhstfn] ;u/dfyfsf] zL/ lgx'ofpFb}
t/fO{af6 lxdfntkm{ alu/x]5
gff] cg'xf/ slyt\ pbff] e|i6 ;/sf/n]
aufO{ /x]5 blIf0flt/
u'/f; cfFz'df lehfpFb}
ljZjf; /utdf n6\k6\ofpFb}
b]z leq b]z vf]hg]x?n]
;Deotf, ;f}Dotf, w}o{tf / ;lxi0f'tfsf]
cfjfb ug{ e]g]/ / 5b}{5g\ /uts}
Wjhfdf OGb|]0fL / yK5' eg]/ .
cfkm\g} slNkt c/fli6o / af]s]/ .
109
d]/f] b]z
Pp6f of]4f dof] eg]
;}s8f}+ dxfof]4f hGdfpg] df6f] xf] d]/f] b]z,
b'Mvsf] cf/f]x cj/f]xdf lxF8\g l;sfpg]
;xf; / ljZjf; xf] d]/f] b]z
To;}n] jL/ of]4fx? d[To'nfO{ lht]/
xfF;L /x]5g\, cd/Tj af]s]/ .
ljho xf] d]/f] b]z, ljho xf] d]/f] b]z
rGb| / ;"o{sf] gfFrgufgnfO{
lg/Gt/ xfF;]/ :jfut u/L /xg]
kxf8, lxdfn pleP/
t/fO{ km}lnP/
hft hftsf] km"n km"nfpg]
dxfg\ / ljzfn xf] d]/f] b]z .
Pp6f of]4f dof] eg]
;}s8f}+ d of]4f hGdfpg]
hggL xf] d]/f] b]z hggL xf] d]/f] b]z
110
km"nx? emb}{}gg\
df6f] ;Fusf] d]/f] gftf,
d ;Fu df6f]sf] gftf oq tq vf]Hbf
k|ltjGwn] /x]5 ge]l6Psf]
v} lsg xf] < b]lvG5 gftfsf] 3fF6L /]l6Psf]
cjt d, c;TonfO{ 6]s]/
ljho kydf nDsb}5'
k|ltjGwnfO{ tf]8]/
zflGt / ;Tosf] :jf; km]g{ vf]Hb}5'
ca, :ki6tfnfO{
c:ki6sf] af/n],
;TonfO{ c;Ton]
GofonfO{ cGofon]
/f]Sg, 5]Sg ;Sb}g,
lsgsL d}n] elQm ;Fufn]/ p7fpFb} 5'
jifGtsf km"nx?
x'l/ atf;n] emb}{g .
cleif]s d[To'sf]
Tof] af6f] glxF8\g],
cg'/f]w cffdsf]
p;n] slxn] ;'g]sf] 5 <
o'u o'u afRg
rfxgf cfdfsf]
atf;] ;kgfdf
p;n] pg]sf] 5
p 5f]/f xf]
t/ 5f]/f x'g'sf] clegodf
hLjg bfgsf] 9\jf km"Sb}
km"n, g}j]w, /Qm hn
bfh' efOnfO{ r9fpFb}
cleif]s d[To'sf] ul/ /x]5 .
111
ltdLnfO{ awfO{
ltdLnfO{ awfO{
lhTof} / lbP
v'zL ldn]/ g
cln cln lkP
afrf u5'{ d
ljgf pT;j} lkplbg
hLjg ck]{5'
ltdLnfO{ lhtfpg
ltd|f] glhs cfpg]
k|of;df
ltd|f] ;x/f x'G5 t
;kmntf x'G5
Joyf ykL dflu lbP
d'6' g xf]
6'lqmg ;S5 .
dg km'6]/ 5tf5'Nn aUg gb]p,
kTy/ eP/ 6f]nfO{ gb]p
ljZjf;sf] ljZjf; eP/
w'sw'sL eP/ v]nL b]p .
abN5f} ;a} s'/f
abN5f} ;a} s'/f
OR5f, ljrf/sf 5'/f rnfO{
slxn] abN5, P g]tfx?
snf]lift dgl:yltnfO{
;bg ab\lnof], ;f+;b ab\lnof]
c? ylkG5 slt <
cf7 kf6L{sf] /fhgLltn]
b]z g} 8'Ag] kf] xf] ls <
112
d
dfof ;fr]5' / dfof afw]5'
dfof kfp5 eg]/
rf]vf], lgd{n, sf]dn 5 of]
km"N5' km"nfpF5' d
kftx?sf] lkm/L lkm/L xNnLvNnL
sf]lknfx? 6'n' 6'n' x]b}{
cfsfz 6f]nfO{ 6f]nfO{ x]5'{
wtL{ ;Fu lgx'F vf]Hb}
t/ d d':s'/fpF5' ls/0f em}
dgsf] afbn l5rf]Nb}
laxfgsf] nfnL x' d
h"g tf/f xf] dfq d]/}
d'6'sf] ;+;f/ d]/f] abg el/
v]N5 9's 9's ub}{ .
rf]vf], lgd{n, sf]dn 5 of]
km"N5' kmnfpF5' d .
;kgfsf] xTof
lgbsf] kmfF6df, ;To xf] ;fFrf] xf],
;kgfsf] xTof eof] <
sf] xf] Tof] xTof ug]{ <
g lbg xf], g /ft xf] <
slt /fd|f lyP,
lyP slt g/fd|f s'/fx?
;Demg} ;lSbg tL s'/f
5f]8\of] w]/} kL8fx?
eo\s/ 8/ nfU5 To;sf]
eo\s/ g} Tof] lyof] .
h] uof] l7s} uof],
h;n] To;sf] xTof uof] .
113
d/e"ldsf] cfTdsyf
jifGtsf] w'kdf,
d d/e"ldsf] ?k ePsf] 5',
atf;sf] df]xlgn]
cfkm\g} :j?k ab\n]sf] 5'
cfkm" cfkm+} s'?k ePsf] 5'
x'/L ;Fu emu8f ub}{
em'l08P/ dg{ vf]H5'
ef}tfl/G5', ntfl/G5'
xl/ofnL 5}g st}
gff] gf} afr]sf] 5' .
xf/]/ g} d xf/]sf] 5' .
afn'jsf] 3/
cfsfznfO{ eg] d}n]
6f]nfP/ lsg x]5f}{+ <
afbnnfO{ ;f]w] d}n] af]nfP/
tsL{ tsL{ stf k'U5f}
cfFz' emf5{ cfsfzn]
hfg]sf] 5}g dfof kf]Vg
sxfF vf]h' <
d pbff] cfsfzdf cfkm\g} ?k <
s;nfO{ ;fw' d]/f] ljz]if :j?k <
st} d]/f] 5fofF 5 ls <
nl8 ;s] jiff}+{ jif{
s'?ksf] :j?k af]sL
afemf] d]/f] cfugdfly
a;] sf] sf] cfuf] tfkL
To;}n] :j?k abnL /xg' sf] lgotLdf
d lg/Gt/ afFr]sf' 5', d/e"ld eP/ .
114
>4f r9fpg
ljgfl;Q} ca,
g]n, xts8L gnufp
xs, clwsf/ vf]Hbf,
5g\ nfu]sf xts8Lx?
lgsf] kfg'{ k5{,
zflGtsf] :jf; lnP/ cfp .
ca
lrxfgsf] a[l4 xf]Og,
lrtfsf] d':nf] xf]Og
zflGtsf] xft a9fp
cfFz' kf]Vg gk/f];\,
s0ff{nL sf]zL aufpg
afFRg' / arfpg'sf] cy{df
gk/f];\ atf;] ;kgfnfO{ ;hfpg
jL/ axfb'/x?nfO{
elQmsf] >4f;'dg r9fpg .
115
lxdfn
lxdfn klUng 5f]8],
;fu/nfO{ yfx x'G5 p;sf] cl:tTj
/ ;u/nfO{ yfx x'G5 lxdfnsf] cl:tTj .
To;}n] lgnf] /sf] prfO{
/ ux/fO{ gfKg ;S5 lxdfnn]
kfn}kfnf]
ls/0f / rfFbgLsf] cfFlngdf d':sfpFb}
cfsfz cf]9]/ Psgf; ple/x]5 p
lxdfn t/fO{df aU5,
kxf8 clUnG5,
lxdfndf lxF8\5, kjgdf v]N5 .
lxdfn vf]nf xf],
lxdfn gbL xf],
;fu/ xf],
To;}n] ;fu/sf] cl:tTj lxdfndf lglZrt 5 .
ltdLnfO{ x]bf{
ltdLnfO{ x]bf{ lsg <
kfP ltd|f aGb cfFvfx?,
n'sfO{ v]nfpFb} 5f} ls s;f]
l;sfpFb} dfofsf efsfx?
k/]nL vf]n Psl5g,
u?g cfFvfn] b'O{ rf/ aftx?,
;'d;'DofpFb} 5ftLnfO{
b]pg d'6'nfO{ ;fy c? .
km"Nb} x[bo kmfF6df
afWg' k|]dsf afwx?
u?g\ b'O{ d'6'n]
;Fu} afFRg] dg]{ k|0fx?
116
lkm/fb
cfu] g]kfn, g}kfn ;/xbdf hGd d}
d08n] dfu{ a:g]
lg/+s'ztGqsf] gftL,
PstGqsf] 5f]/f, efO, elth a'xf/L
cGbfhL @^) jif{sf] dxflg/+s'ztGq Ps
P} P} h+undfu]{
u0ftGq, hgtGq, k|hftGq, n'6tGq, km"6tGq
rfj dfcf]tGq, k|rl08tGq, cf}iflwtGq,
lgjf{rg, ;+ljwfg ;ef, hfgfhfg, xfgfxfgf,
ckflts, ;dfg'kflts, bn bn, xnrn Ps
lgo'lQm, ;?jf, a9'jf, vf];'jf sdL{ Ps
lt/:sf/, alxisf/,
/ ufO{ sf08, a'sL{ sf08,
np8f sf08, sf]zL sf08,
u08s sf08, dxfsfnL sf08,
k~r]Zj/ sf08 sdL Ps
o:t} sf08}sf08sf gfOs], dxfgfOs], Ps
o:t} t/fO{ sf08, kxf8 sf08, lxdfn sf08
e|i6frf/, zf]if0f, bdg, xTof, s}b, hl/jfgf
cGofo, cTofrf/, s'rL{ af8kmfF8 sdL{ Ps
oL ;a}n] ;do ;dodf cGofo u/]sfn]
ca b]z ljv08g x'gaf6 /f]sL kfpg
xfdL e]8fx?n] e]8fx?nfO{ lkm/fb ug'{ k/]sf] 5 .
;fIfL tklznsf ;b/
lsg l/; lx; <
117
rlt{snf
/]K;L8 / kfgsf] t]nn]
g]kfn / g]kfnLx?nfO{ hl08; e} ;Sof]
a];f/ 3;]/ kx]nf] ePsf] xf] eGg kfOGg .
o; b]zsf] cy{tGq s'lk|P/
Pp6f :ofn / km\ofp/f] h:t} eO;Sof]
oxfFsf ;f]emf hgtfnfO{ bf]if lbg klg kfOGg .
sLlt{ h:tf] lji6f eP/ s] ug'{ <
l;+xb/af/ eLv dfUb}5
;"o{sf] tfkn] x[bo x[bo v8]/L cfFwLx'/L hfUb}5
rGbsf] Gdf /fxtsf] s6f}/f tfGb5
Hjfgf] dl/rsf] kL/f]n]
b]zsf] ;Ldfgf s] gfKb5
/]K;L8sf]
ca u'0f klg 8]/Lsf] b'3 ag]/ aUof] /]
ufO{ sf08] l/hfn lvTsf 5f]8L xfF:b5
sGof h:t} b'D;L tN;Ln]
ljb]zaf6 b]z xfFSb5
lul/hfsf] O{zf/fdf np8fdf b]z gfRb5 .
eses] 5]?jfn] xfg]sf] uf]nLn] b'/LnfO{ s] gfKb5 <
;Gt, s[i0fsf] lnnfn] ;Ldfgf gfKb 5 .
/fi6 dfg{] dfpx?sf] kl5 hlxn] klg e]8f 5fp/f] nfUb5
;}s8f}+ ;xLbsf] Tofu b]v]/, v} /fi6 stf nfUb5 <
x?jfsf] ;Qf km\ofFs]/ afbzfxsf] gfs sn] sf6\5
p:t} p:t} v]n / v]nf8L blIf0f pQ/v08 nfUb5 .
118

Neta Haruko Mahango Bazar

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Neta Haruko Mahango Bazar

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g]tfx?

sf] dx+uf] ahf/

sf]dn k|;fb >]i7 dNn

g]tfx?sf] dx+uf] ahf/

M g]tfx?sf] dx+uf] ahf/-sljtf ;+u|x_

M sf]dn k|;fb >]i7 dNn

sDKo'6/ ;]l6 M Zofd xl/ dxh{g