5.

What are you going to learn?

To comprehend direct proportion To find value based on direct proportion

The price of a fried banana is Rp 500,00.

If Ali buys 2 fried bananas, how many rupiahs will Ali pay for? How many rupiahs must Ali pay for if he wants to buy 5 fried bananas? Fill in the blanks: Fried Bananas 1 2 5 8 ........ ......... Price (Rp) 500 ......... ......... ......... 3,000 4,500

Key Term:

direct proportion

If someone buys more fried bananas, what will happen with the price? What is the price proportion of 2 fried bananas to 5 fried bananas?

What is the price proportion of 8 fried bananas to 5 fried bananas? What is the proportion of Rp 5,000.00 fried bananas to Rp 4,500.00 fried bananas? What is your opinion about the proportion of the number of fried bananas to the price?
The above illustration shows the examples of a direct proportion. Can you formulate all characteristics of a direct proportion?

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7/193

In Bu Inas grocery, the price of a package containing 2 kg of sugar is Rp 9,400.00 and the price of a package containing 5 kg of sugar is Rp 22,750.00. Which package is cheaper? What would you do to solve that problem?

Problem 1 Problem solving

Two students can carry 15 books. How many books can 8 students carry?
Is it a direct proportion problem? Why? Look at some students work below. Aulias work: The table for the problem is: Number of Students 2 4 8 Number of Books 15 30 60

Then, 8 students can carry 60 books.

194/Students Book - Proportion

Budimans work: Number of students 2 2 2 2 8 Number of books 15 15 15 15 60

Then, 8 students can carry 60 books. Cikals work: Number of students 2 8 Number of books 15 x
2 1 or . 8 4

The ratio of the number of students is The ratio of the number of books is

15 . x 1 15 = . 4 x

The problem is a direct proportion, so

The value of x can be calculated as follows:

1 4 = 15 x

Therefore x = 4 15 = 60. So, 8 students can carry 60 books. Dhanis work: Students 2 8 The ratio of students is 2 : 8 or 2 . 8 Books 15 x

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7/195

2 15 = . 8 x The value of x can be found by:

The ratio of books is

2 8
We have:

15 x

= 15 . 8 x = 15 8 2 x = 120 2 x = 60 So, 8 students can carry 60 books.

What is your opinion about the above solutions? Are they the same as your solutions? Which solutions are easy to understand? Is there another solution to that problem? What if there are 80 students? Suppose the books are thin, so that 3 students can carry 15 books. How many books can 80 students carry?

2.x

Problem 2
Alis house is located 3 kilometres from his school. It takes Ali 15 minutes to go to school by bike. How many kilometres can Ali reach in 5 minutes? Is it a direct proportion problem? Why? Can you write a mathematical expression for that problem?

196/Students Book - Proportion

Work Together
Look at this Chocolate Cookies Recipe. Work together with your group to answer these questions:
What is the weight ratio of sugar to flour? What is the weight ratio of butter to flour? What is the weight ratio of sugar to chocolate? Can you find the weight ratio of butter to eggs?

Ingredients : 100 grams of margarine 150 grams of powder sugar 200 grams of flavor 50 grams of Chocolate powder 4 eggs Direction: Mix Powder Sugar, Flavour and Eggs

If you want to make chocolate cookies 3 times as much as this recipe, calculate all ingredients that you will need. If you only have 100 grams of flour, how much of the other ingredients will you need in order to make chocolate cookies as the recipe suggests?

Problem 3
A package of peanut costs Rp 350.00. If you buy 3 packages of peanut, you only pay Rp 1,000.00. Is it a direct proportion problem? State your reason.

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7/197

1. Determine the unit price of: a) 3 litres of oil, which costs Rp16,950.00 b) a dozen eggs, which costs Rp 5,100.00 c) 94 kilometers which is reached in 4 hours 2. Three tomatoes are Rp. 500.00. a) b) If you have Rp 1,500.00 how many tomatoes can you buy? How much money do you pay for 21 tomatoes?

3. To celebrate Lebaran, mother will make shirts for Levi and Dhani. To make Levis shirt, fabric of 91 cm long is needed. If the size ratio of Levi to Dhani is 7: 4, how many cm of fabric are needed for Dhanis shirt?

Levi

Dhani

4. Every week a television channel broadcasts two live football matches. How many times will the TV channel broadcast live football matches in a year? (1 year = 52 weeks) 5. Since Auntie has a job, she subscribes 4 magazines every month. How many copies of magazines does Auntie have if now she has worked for 52 months? 6. For her canteen, Ms. Wati needs 100 kg of rice every 3 days. How many kg of rice does Bu Wati need in June? (In June there are 30 days)

198/Students Book - Proportion

7. A square pond of 3 metres in length will be enlarged up to 5 metres in length. How long is the perimeter of the pond before being enlarged? a. Determine the ratio of the length of the pond to its perimeter before being enlarged. If the perimeter of the pond after being enlarged is x meter, determine the ratio of the length of the new pond to the length of the old pond, and the ratio of the perimeter of the new pond to the perimeter of the old pond. b. What is the perimeter of the pond after being enlarged? 8. The figure on the right is a map of land with the scale of 1 : 200. Measure the dimension of the map by using your ruler. What is the approximate area of the land in reality?

9. Critical Thinking Determine the ratio of the perimeter if its

length is doubled. Is it directly proportional?

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7/199

200/Students Book - Proportion