8.

What are you going to learn?

To describe the properties of a trapezoid To define a trapezoid To find the formula of the area and perimeter of a trapezoid

Key Term:
Trapezoid

Figure 8.8

Look at the picture of a traditional house above. The lower roof has the form of a trapezoid. Now look at the sides of the roof. What can you say? You may be saying that the upper and the lower sides are parallel and others are not. On the basis of your observation, you can define a trapezoid as the following. A quadrilateral with one pair of exactly parallel sides

Trapezoid

Quadrilateral ABCD on the right is a trapezoid. Side AB and DC are called the bases of the trapezoid, sides AB and DC are

parallel, and sides AD and BC are called D the legs of the trapezoid. Quadrilateral ABCD is then called trapezoid.

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Think and Discuss

A B

1.
C

D Figure 8.9

Trapezoid ABCD on the left is called an isosceles trapezoid, because the legs are equal, AD = BC. a. What is the relation between A and D; between B and C? Explain.

b. What is the relation between A and C and between B and D? Explain. c. Are A = D and B = C? Explain it.
E F

2.

Figure 8.10

Trapezoid EFGH on the left side is a rightangled trapezoid, because one of its legs is perpendicular to the base. a. What are the measures of E and H?

b. What is the relation between F and G? Explain it.

Based on the result of Think and Discuss above, we have got the properties of a trapezoid. They are as follows: 1. The sum of two adjacent angles between two parallel lines is 180. (In Figure 8.10, E+ H= F+ G = 180) 2. In an isosceles trapezoid, each pair of base angles are equal. (In Figure 8.9, A = B and C = D) 3. In an isosceles trapezoid, the diagonals are equal. (In Figure 8. 9, AC = BD) 4. A right trapezoid has two right angles. (In Figure 8.10, E and

H)
Next you will learn how to find the formula of the area of a trapezoid.

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7/ 333

Mini - Lab
WORK IN GROUPS Materials: Lined paper, a pencil, and scissors. Take a piece of lined paper and fold it into two along the line in the middle of the paper. Draw a line segment on the line in the paper of 3 cm in length. Draw again another line segment by 5 cm in length on the second line below the first. (see the figure below) Join the end of the first line to the second one so that we get a trapezoid with the bases of 3 cm and 5 cm. Cut the trapezoid on the folded paper so that we have two trapezoids of the same p size. a2 a1 Mark the parallel sides a1 and a2, and t for the height. t Coincide both trapezoids on one of the a2 f equal legs to form a parallelogram. a1 Discuss with your classmates to answer the following questions. If p and t express the base and height of the parallelogram above, write down the formula of the area of the parallelogram. 1. Write down the formula of the area of the parallelogram above using a1, a2, and t. 2. What is the proportion of the area of each of the trapezoids and parallelograms formed? 3. In your own words, write down the formula of the area and perimeter of a trapezoid.

The area of a Trapezoid

a1

The area of a trapezoid is half of the product of its height and the sum of the parallel sides. Suppose A is the area of a trapezoid with the height t and the lengths of parallel sides a1 1 and a2, then A = t x ( a1 +a2 ) 2

t a2

Critical Thinking:
Can the area of a trapezoid be calculated from the area of a t triangle? Explain it.
Figure 8.11

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Related to the Real World

Geography. Estimate the area of the trapezoid in the figure on the 51 right! km
107 km

Solution:elesaian 85 km Given : t = 51 a 1 = 85 s a 2 = 107 Question : the area of trapezoid 1 Solution : A = t(a 1 +a 2 ) 2 1 A = 51(85+107) 2 A = 4896 So, the area of Samarinda is approximately 4896 km 2 .

1. Let ABCD is an isosceles trapezoid with parallel sides AB and DC . Draw the symmetric line m of the trapezoid. 2. In isosceles triangle ISO on the right, IO = IS and side TF // SO . What shape is SOFT? Why?
S T I F

80km

120km

3. Geography Estimate the area of the trapezoid in the figure on the left.

200km

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7/ 335

4. If possible, draw a trapezoid with the following properties. If it cannot be drawn, state your reasons. a. It has three equal sides. b. It has equal parallel sides. c. The legs are longer than the parallel sides. d. It has two right angles. e. It has a pair of equal opposite angles. 5. Quadrilateral PQRS is a trapezoid with the parallel sides
PS and QR , PQ = SR, SPQ = 120, and SRP = 20. What

is the size of PSQ ? 6. Mathematics Communication. Draw a trapezoid with the lengths of the parallel sides 6 cm and 12 cm and its height is 7 cm. 7. Calculate the area of the trapezoid in no. 6. 8. Calculate the area of a trapezoid in which its height is 10 and the lengths of the parallel sides are 12 and 18. 9.
E 52 H 120 G 60 c 160 F 48 I

a. State the height and parallel sides of trapezoid EFGH. b. What is the area of trapezoid EFGH? c. State the type of trapezoid EFIH and give your reasons. d. What is the area of trapezoid EFIH? e. What is the perimeter of trapezoid EFIH? One of the parallel sides of a trapezoid is twice

10. Algebra.

the other. The height of the trapezoid is the average of the parallel sides. If the area of the trapezoid is 324 cm 2 , find the lengths of the height and parallel sides of the trapezoid.

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