6.

6
What are you going to learn?
To state the concept of the union of sets To determine the union of two sets To draw the Venn diagram of the union of two sets To solve story problems on the union of two sets using a Venn diagram.

The Union of Two Sets

Key Terms:
union

Recall the sets you have learned before, namely: A = set of subjects tested in a elementary school (SD) that Ani had learned, or A = {PPKN, Bahasa Indonesia, Matematika} and B = set of subjects tested in a elementary school, or (SD) that Budi had learned B = {Matematika, IPA}. If we unite all subjects that either Ani or Budi had learned, then we get a new set, that is the set of subjects that Ani or Budi had learned, or {PPKN, Bahasa Indonesia, Matematika, IPA}, The set formed is called the union of set A and set B, written as A B.

Using the Venn diagram, you can draw the union of two sets as follows:

A PPKN

Science

Mat. B. Indon.

The shaded area shows A B

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7/ 2 5 3

How can we form the union of two sets mathematically? Using the set-builder notation, you can state the union of two sets as follows:

Union

The union of two sets A and B is the set whose elements are elements of A or elements of B, or elements of both sets. The union of A and B is denoted by A B = { x | x A or x B }

Can you distinguish the intersection of two sets from the union of two sets?

If A = { 1, 2, 3, 4 } and B = { 2, 3, 5, 7, 8 }, then A B = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, } Drawing a Venn diagram, we have:

U
1

A
2

B
5 8

The shaded area shows A B Find an example of two other sets, and then determine the union of the sets.

2 5 4 /Students Book - Sets

Determining the Union of Two Sets

There are some methods of determining the union of two sets. a. If one set is a subset of the other set

If A

= { a, b, c, d, e, f }, B = { a, c, d },

then A B = { a, b, c, d, e, f } = A. The Venn diagram is as follows. .

U
a c f b d e

B A

The shaded area shows A B

If

A = the set of natural numbers not greater than 7, B = the set of odd natural numbers not greater than 7, then A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 } B = { 1, 3, 5, 7 } A B = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 } = A.

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7/ 2 5 5

The Venn diagram is as follows.

B
1 6 5 7 2 3 4

The shaded area shows A B Based on the above examples, it can be concluded that:

Property 3

If B A then A B = A

b. If the two sets are the same If A = the set of natural numbers less than 7, and B = { x 0 < x < 7, x is whole number }, then A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 } B = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 } A B = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 } = A = B. The Venn diagram is as follows:

U
1 3 4

A=B
The shaded area shows A B

2 5 6 /Students Book - Sets

Given A= the set of prime numbers between 1 and 10 B = { 2, 3, 5, 7 } Find AB. Solution: Because A = { 2, 3, 5, 7 } and B = { 2, 3, 5, 7 } then A B = { 2, 3, 5, 7 } = A = B. The Venn diagram is as follows:

U
3 5

A=B
2 7

The shaded area shows A B What can we conclude from the above examples? We can conclude that:

Property of Union

If A = B then A B = A = B

c. If the two sets are disjoint

If A = the set of odd natural numbers less than 10 B = the set of even whole number less than 10, then A = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 } B = { 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 } A B = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}.

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7/ 2 5 7

The Venn diagram is shown below.

A
1 3 5 7 9 6

B
0 4

2 8

The shaded area shows A B d. If the two sets are not disjoint and one set is not the subset of the other set (the two sets have an intersection)

Given

A = set of the square of the first six square natural numbers B = set of multiple of four of the first six

Find A B. Solution: Because A = { 1, 4, 9, 16, 25 } and B = { 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 }, then A B = { 1, 4, 8, 9, 16, 20, 24, 25 }. The Venn diagram is as follows:

U
8 1 4 12 20 24 25 9 16

The shaded area shows A B

2 5 8 /Students Book - Sets

Using the Venn diagram of the Union of Two Sets to Solve Story Problems

Among 57 students, there are 40 students who like meatballs, 32 students who like soup, and 17 students who like both meatballs and soup. a. Draw the Venn diagram showing the data. b. How many students like meatballs or soup? c. How many students like neither meatballs nor soup? Solution: a. The Venn diagram is as follows. (Numbers show the number of students)

U
BT

23

17

15

B
2

Given: B = set of students who like meatballs, T = set of students who like soup, B T = set of students who like meatballs or soup. b. The number of students who like meatballs or soup is (23 + 17+15) students or 55 students. c. The number of students who neither like meatballs nor soup is (57 - 55) = 2

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7/ 2 5 9

Discuss the following example with your friends.

Among 100 students of an SMP, the following data are obtained: 32 students like poultry farm, 30 students like farming birds, 20 students like cats, 8 students like poultry farm and farming birds, 7 students like poultry farm and cats, 9 students like farming birds and cats, and 5 students like poultry farm, farming birds, and cats Based on the data, a. draw the Venn diagram showing the data. b. determine the number of students who: 1) like poultry farm or farming birds. 2) like poultry farm only. 3) like only one kind of the three animals. 4) like farming birds, but do not like chicken. 5) like poultry farm, but do not like cats. 6) do not like any of the three kinds of animals. Solution: Given: A = set of students who like poultry farm, B = set of students who like farming birds, K = set of students who like cats. Then: a. The Venn diagram showing the data is as follows. (Numbers show the number of students)

2 6 0 /Students Book - Sets

22 A 2

3 5 4 9 K

18

b. The number of students who: 1) like poultry farm or farming birds is (22 + 2 + 5 + 3 +4 + l8) = 54 2) like poultry farm only is 22 3) like only one kind of three animals is (22 + 9 + 18) = 49 4) like farming bird, but not poultry farm is (18 + 4) = 22 5) like poultry farm, but do not like cats is (3 + 22) = 25 6) do not like any of the three animals is 37.

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7/ 2 6 1

1. Given

A = { 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 } B = { 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 } C = { 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 }. Listing the elements, determine: a. A B b. A C c. B C d. Draw each union as a Venn diagram.

2. Given

A = { x x 5, x natural number } B = { x 3 < x < 8, x natural number }

C = { x 5 x 10, x natural number }. Listing the elements, determine: a. A B b. A C c. B C 3. Given A = set of squared natural numbers less than 30 B = set of multiple of 5 less than 30 C = set of multiple of 6 less than 35 Listing the elements, determine: a. A B b. A C c. B C d. Draw each union as a Venn diagram.
Critical Thinking :

4. Among 60 people, there are 20 people subscribing to magazines, 35 people subscribing to newspapers, and 5 people subscribing to both. a. Draw the Venn diagram showing the data, letting M = The set of people subscribing to magazines, and K = The set of people subscribing to newspapers. b. How many people neither subscribe to magazines nor newspapers? c. How many people subscribe to magazines or newspapers? d. How many people subscribe to newspapers only? e. How many people subscribe to magazines only?

2 6 2 /Students Book - Sets

5. Among 50 students, there are 20 students who like playing tennis,

33 students who like playing basketball, and 8 students who like playing both tennis and basketball. a. Draw the Venn diagram showing the data. b. How many students like playing tennis or basketball? c. How many students do not like playing both? d. How many students like playing tennis only? e. How many students like playing basketball only? 6. Among 50 people shopping in a market, there are 25 people buying apples, 23 people buying bananas, and 8 people buying both kinds of fruit a. Draw the Venn diagram showing the data. b. How many people buy apples or bananas? c. How many people buy apples only? d. How many people buy one kind of fruit only? e. How many people do not buy either apple or banana? 7. Given: S = set of students who like soup, B = set of students who like meatballs, G =set of students who like gado-gado. the Venn diagram showing the relationship between the sets is as follows, (number is showing the number of students),

15 S 18

5 12 17 11 G

13

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7/ 2 6 3

Determine the number of students who: a. like soup or meatballs. b. like meatballs or gado-gado. c. like meatballs only. d. like gado-gado only. e. like soup, but do not like gado-gado. f. like soup, but do not like meatballs. g. like meatballs, but do not like soup.

2 6 4 /Students Book - Sets